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Background: It is an important clinical means to identify benign and malignant breast diseases caused by nipple discharge through the detection and analysis of components in nipple discharge. This study was aimed to test the expression and clinical significance of carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125), carbohydrate antigen 153 (CA153) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in nipple discharge of breast cancer patients. Methods: From January 2017 to December 2018, 86 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast with nipple discharge (breast cancer group) and 50 patients with ordinary breast duct hyperplasia with nipple discharge (benign control group) were selected, and the levels of CA125, CA153 and CEA in nipple discharge and serum were detected by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Results: The levels of CA125, CA153 and CEA in nipple discharge and serum in benign control group were significantly lower than those in the breast cancer group, and the levels of CA125, CA153 and CEA in serum were obviously lower than those in nipple discharge. The expression levels of CA125, CA153 and CEA in nipple discharge in the breast cancer group had no significant difference in different age of onset and different tumor sites. The CA125, CA153 and CEA levels in nipple discharge of patients with tumor diameter 5 cm, low differentiation, high stage, metastasis, and recurrence were obviously elevated versus to those of patients with tumor diameter

Continuous silicon carbide fibre toughened silicon carbide composites (SiCf/SiC) are highly promising materials for nuclear reactor applications due to their low chemical activity, low density, low coefficient of thermal expansion, high energy conversion rate and good high temperature strength. However, the thermal conductivity requirements of nuclear reactors are difficult to meet in conventional SiCf/SiC composites. To improve the thermal conductivity of SiCf/SiC composites, many approaches to enhance the thermal conductivity of SiCf/SiC composites under nuclear reactor applications were firstly introduced. Further, the worldwide research process in this field has been reviewed. Finally, further development of the thermal conductivity research was discussed and prospected.

SiC fiber-reinforced SiC matrix composites (SiCf/SiC) with 2D woven fabric as preform were tested under compression with in-situ X-ray computed tomography. The microstructure and damage evolution of the material under continuous loading levels were accurately revealed by image reconstruction of CT data. There were inhomogeneous pores in SiCf/SiC composite because of the un-uniform fiber distribution in the preform. The result also showed that 2D woven SiCf/SiC composite had obvious non-linear characteristics by its compressive load–displacement curve, and the damage modes included transverse matrix cracking, interlayer cracking, longitudinal matrix cracking, and fiber bundle fracture. Matrix cracking tended to occur near the pores or holes of the material, and the number of longitudinal cracks was relatively high compared to the number of transverse cracks.

Traditional optical imaging technique used as an analysis method for microstructure can only observe surface and can't achieve 3D characterization of the material interior, which greatly limits its application in textile field. In order to promote the application and development of 3D CT in textile field,a description of the test equipment, test methods, influencing factors of image quality of X-ray computed tomography (XCT) in textile application were introduced. Further, the applications of XCT technology in the characterization of internal structure of fabrics, aided modelling to predict fabric properties (heat transmitting, compressibility) and yarn research were reviewed. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of XCT technology in textile applications were summarized, while the potential applications of XCT technology in future were prospected in view of lack of research in the textile field based on XCT.

Aqueous rechargeable zinc–iodine batteries have gained traction as a promising solution due to their suitable theoretical energy density, cost‐effectiveness, eco‐friendliness, and safety features. However, challenges such as the polyiodide shuttle effect, low iodine cathode conductivity, zinc anode dendritic growth, and the requirement for efficient separators and electrolytes hinder their commercial prospects. Hence, this review highlights recent progress in refining the core optimization strategies of zinc–iodine batteries, focusing on enhancements to the cathode, anode, separator, and electrolyte. Cathode improvements involve the addition of inorganic, organic, and hybrid materials to counteract the shuttle effect and boost redox kinetics, where these functional materials also are applied in anode modifications to curb dendritic growth and enhance cycling stability. Meanwhile, cell separator design approaches that effectively block polyiodide shuttle while promoting uniform zinc deposition are also discussed, while electrolyte innovations target zinc corrosion and polyiodide dissolution. Ultimately, the review aims to map out a strategy for developing zinc–iodine batteries that are efficient, safe, and economical, aligning with the demands of contemporary energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aloperine (ALO), a quinolizidine‐type alkaloid isolated from a natural Chinese herb, has shown promising antitumor effects. Nevertheless, its common mechanism of action and specific target remain elusive. Here, it is demonstrated that ALO inhibits the proliferation and migration of non‐small cell lung cancer cell lines in vitro and the tumor development in several mouse tumor models in vivo. Mechanistically, ALO inhibits the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes and the autophagic flux, leading to the accumulation of sequestosome‐1 (SQSTM1) and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby inducing tumor cell apoptosis and preventing tumor growth. Knockdown of SQSTM1 in cells inhibits ROS production and reverses ALO‐induced cell apoptosis. Furthermore, VPS4A is identified as a direct target of ALO, and the amino acids F153 and D263 of VPS4A are confirmed as the binding sites for ALO. Knockout of VPS4A in H1299 cells demonstrates a similar biological effect as ALO treatment. Additionally, ALO enhances the efficacy of the anti‐PD‐L1/TGF‐β bispecific antibody in inhibiting LLC‐derived subcutaneous tumor models. Thus, ALO is first identified as a novel late‐stage autophagy inhibitor that triggers tumor cell death by targeting VPS4A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic corrosion inhibitors (OCI) have been widely accepted as a reliable method for enhancing the durability of marine reinforced concrete structures. However, the effect of OCI on steel corrosion is not clear in the case of cracks appearing in the concrete cover. In this paper, steel corrosion behaviors in cracked concrete with different crack widths, intact concrete containing OCI, and cracked concrete containing the OCI exposed to the marine tidal zone were investigated through open-circuit potential tests and EIS measurements. The obtained results illustrate that the corrosion rate of steel in cracked concrete is reduced with the decrease of crack width having an initial width of less than less than or equal to 200 μm in the marine tidal zone. Based on the Rf and Rct values, it is found that the alcohol amine-based OCIs can improve the corrosion resistance of steel in intact concrete and concrete with microcracks (with a width of less than 100 μm) exposed to the marine tidal zone. The carboxylic acid-based OCIs aggravate the steel corrosion due to the hydrophobicity provided by carboxylic acids for seawater transport through cracks. The ester-based OCIs also increase the steel corrosion rate as it accelerates concrete carbonation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]