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Sodium glucose cotransporter inhibitor (SGLTi) drugs have been widely used in clinical practice. In addition to their benefits in hyperglycemia, heart failure (HF), and kidney disease, their effects on obesity, metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD, formerly named nonalcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD]), polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), abnormal lipid metabolism, hyperuricemia, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), anemia, and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD, formerly named syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone [SIADH]) have been explored. In this review, we searched the data of clinical randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta‐analyses of SGLTis in patients with diabetes from the PubMed library between January 1, 2020, and February 1, 2024. According to our review, certain SGLTis exhibit relatively superior clinical safety and effectiveness for treating the abovementioned diseases. Proper utilization of SGLTis in these patients can provide additional medication options for patients with different disease scenarios. However, studies of SGLTis in these diseases are relatively rare, with shortcomings such as small sample sizes and short intervention periods. Therefore, further large‐scale, long‐term, well‐designed studies are needed to clarify the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Purpose: To prepare a polyglycolic acid-loaded mitomycin drug (MMC-ATS-@PLGA) to inhibit scar proliferation after glaucoma filtering surgery (GFS) via an anti-inflammatory mechanism that minimally affected intraocular pressure, which provided another therapeutic strategy for this disease., Methods: We first detected the physicochemical properties of MMC-ATS-@PLGA. Next, we tested the biosafety of MMC-ATS-@PLGA in vivo and in vitro . Then, we assessed the therapeutic effects of MMC-ATS-@PLGA by laboratory and clinical examinations., Results: In this study, we synthesized a new type of nanomedicine (MMC-ATS-@PLGA) with good stability and biocompatibility for inhibiting scar proliferation after GFS. The break-up time (BUT), Schimer test and intraocular pressure changes in GFS rabbits before and after treatment with MMC-ATS-@PLGA were not significantly different. Three weeks after GFS, the MMC-ATS-@PLGA group displayed significant decreases in nuclear volume, corneal cell oedema, type I and III collagen fibre expression, normal organelle morphology and collagen fibre arrangement. Compared with those in the FML and MMC groups, the α-SMA, CTGF and type III collagen fibres in the MMC-ATS-@PLGA group decreased more significantly, indicating that MMC-ATS-@PLGA can effectively inhibit the expression of these inflammatory factors during the inhibition of scar proliferation after GFS., Conclusion: We successfully synthesized MMC-ATS-@PLGA, which could effectively inhibit scar proliferation after GFS via anti-inflammatory effects but had little effect on intraocular pressure. This new type of nanomedicine has good biosafety and stability and is worthy of further exploration in clinical practice. more...