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IntroductionIn recent years, the combination of the public health crisis and the climate crisis has greatly weakened the resilience of food systems. The Belt and Road food cooperation will make outstanding contributions to consolidate food security and reduce global poverty in countries along the Belt and Road.MethodsThis paper constructs a three-party stochastic evolutionary game model from the perspective of food security, distinguishes the difference between large and small countries by calculating the cereal self-sufficiency rate, which studies the cooperation strategy with the Belt and Road cereal large countries, cereal small countries and regulatory committees as the object. In addition, we introduce the Gaussian white noise characteristics to characterize the stochastic disturbance of the game system. Then we combine the mathematical derivation of the stochastic evolutionary game analysis with the simulation method, examine the effect of the stochastic disturbance factors on the cooperation, and find out the factors that affect the cooperation. And finally verifies the model and proves the reasonableness and practicability of the model.ResultsThe stochastic evolutionary game model analyzes the interaction of stochastic disturbance and influencing factors from a dynamic perspective, and the stability of evolution is related to the strength of Gaussian white noise. The level of effort of large cereal countries and the incentives of regulatory committees can have a positive impact, but high income in small cereal countries can lead to instability in the strategic choices of other players.DiscussionTaking the countries along the Belt and Road as the research object, Gaussian white noise is introduced to describe the stochastic external environment, discriminate the stability of the game system through stochastic differential equations, and analyze the influencing factors of the dynamic behavioral strategies of the parties in combination with simulation methods. To improve the capacity of national food security governance and help improve the resilience of the world food system.

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer‐related deaths, with cigarette smoking being the most critical factor, linked to nearly 90% of lung cancer cases. NNK, a highly carcinogenic nitrosamine found in tobacco, is implicated in the lung cancer‐causing effects of cigarette smoke. Although NNK is known to mutate or activate certain oncogenes, its potential interaction with p27 in modulating these carcinogenic effects is currently unexplored. Recent studies have identified specific downregulation of p27 in human squamous cell carcinoma, in contrast to adenocarcinoma. Additionally, exposure to NNK significantly suppresses p27 expression in human bronchial epithelial cells. Subsequent studies indicates that the downregulation of p27 is pivotal in NNK‐induced cell transformation. Mechanistic investigations have shown that reduced p27 expression leads to increased level of ITCH, which facilitates the degradation of Jun B protein. This degradation in turn, augments miR‐494 expression and its direct regulation of JAK1 mRNA stability and protein expression, ultimately activating STAT3 and driving cell transformation. In summary, our findings reveal that: (1) the downregulation of p27 increases Jun B expression by upregulating Jun B E3 ligase ITCH, which then boosts miR‐494 transcription; (2) Elevated miR‐494 directly binds to 3′‐UTR of JAK1 mRNA, enhancing its stability and protein expression; and (3) The JAK1/STAT3 pathway is a downstream effector of p27, mediating the oncogenic effect of NNK in lung cancer. These findings provide significant insight into understanding the participation of mechanisms underlying p27 inhibition of NNK induced lung squamous cell carcinogenic effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the security control for parabolic partial differential equation systems driven by fractional Brownian motion based on a unified pointwise measurement/control strategy. Initially, by employing the Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy rule, nonlinear stochastic systems are transformed into a series of linear subsystems. Then, based on the improved dynamic event-triggered mechanism and pointwise measurements method, a security controller is presented to resist deception attacks. In addition, the Lyapunov direct method and some novel inequalities are used to ensure the considered system is mean-square exponentially stable, and the gain of the point controller is obtained. Finally, an application example is provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Offshore photovoltaic power stations (OPVPS) greatly help solve energy problems and land resource scarcity. A crucial phase of the OPVPS project lifecycle is site selection. To select the optimal location of OPVPS with many difficulties such as the uncertainty of the environment, the compensating relationships among criteria, and the different attributes of the alternatives, this paper proposed a fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making framework based on Pythagorean fuzzy Elimination et Choix Traduisant la Realité-III (ELECTRE-III) method. First, the comprehensive criteria system for siting OPVPS was constructed, which included veto and evaluation criteria. Second, the Pythagorean fuzzy set was used to express the uncertain evaluation of experts. Third, considering the actual situation that experts had different experiences and abilities, this paper proposed a novel expert weighting method. Fourth, entropy weighting method, best–worst method, and combination weighting of game theory were introduced to calculate the criteria weights. Fifth, considering the compensation between criteria, ELECTRE-III was used for ranking. Finally, to verify the applicability and robustness of the proposed framework, a China case study was conducted; the results showed that Haizhou Bay is the best alternative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Topological insulators (TIs) are of particular interest in the recent solid‐state research because of their exceptional features stemming from the conducting, topologically protected surface states. The exotic properties include the occurrence of novel quantum phenomena and make them promising materials for spintronics and quantum computing applications. Theoretical studies have provided a vast amount of valuable predictions and proposals, whose experimental observation and implementation, to date, are often hindered by an insufficient sample quality. The effect of even a relatively low concentration of defects can make the access to purely topological surface states impossible. This points out the need of high‐quality bulk‐insulating materials with ultra‐clean surfaces/interfaces, which requires sophisticated sample/device preparations as well as special precautions during the measurements. Herein, the challenging work on 3D TI thin films with a focus on Bi2Te3 is reported. It covers the optimization of the molecular beam epitaxy growth process, the in situ characterization of surface states and transport properties, the influence of exposure to ambient gases and of capping layers, as well as the effect of interfacing TI thin film with magnetic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]