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In order to investigate the quality differences of cigar tobacco leaves from Yunnan production areas, microbial community structure, free amino acids and volatile flavor compounds of cigar tobacco leaves produced in Yunnan province were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing and metabolomics. O2PLS analysis and correlation analysis were used to systematically reveal the relationship between microorganisms of origin and tobacco flavor quality, and to identify functional microorganisms and synergistic taxa in tobacco. The results showed that there were differences in the microbial community structure of cigar tobacco leaves produced in Yunnan province, in which the dominant bacteria were mainly Aerococcus, Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium, and the dominant fungi were mainly Aspergillus, Cladosporium and Alternaria. 17 free amino acids were detected, and the overall amino acid content showed that Asp was the highest and Met was the lowest, with higher TAV Asp and Glu contributed more to its flavor presentation. The free amino acid flavor profiles of Lincang Yunxue No. 2 and Pu'er Yunxue No. 2 cigar tobacco leaves was more prominent. A total of 65 volatile flavor compounds were detected, mainly ketones, among which 16 different flavor compounds, including 6-Methyl-5-hepten-2-one, ß-Damascone, Phenylethyl alcohol, Decanal, and Dihydroactinidiolide, played an important role in the formation of its flavor. The overall flavor characteristics of Pu'er No. 2 were more prominent. Sphingomonas, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, and Oceanobacillus acted synergistically to contribute to cigar tobacco leaves flavor formation, while the relative abundance of Penicillium was negatively correlated with tobacco quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the relationships between ash integrity of lit cigarettes and chemical components in cut filler, ash color value, ash crack rate, ash shrink rate, burn line width, burn line uniformity and burning rate of 84 cigarette samples were measured by a cigarette ash detector under the ISO smoking regime. The relationships of ash integrity indexes and burning rate of lit cigarettes with the chemical components in cut filler were investigated via statistical analyses. The results showed that: 1) The mass fraction of potassium (αK), the mass ratio of potassium to chlorine (mK/mCl), the mass ratio of potassium to sulfur (mK/mS) and the mass ratio of potassium to the sum of sulfur and chlorine [mK/(mCl+mS)] significantly negatively correlated with ash crack rate, ash shrink rate and burn line width. These parameters were significantly positively correlated with burning rate, except for mK/mCl. The mass fraction of nicotine (α Nicotine) and mass fraction of sulfur (αS) significantly negatively correlated to ash color value, while significantly positively correlated to ash crack rate, ash shrink rate and burn line uniformity. 2) The ash integrity of lit cigarettes deteriorated with the increase of αNicotine and the ratio of sugar to alkali, and promoted with the increase of mK/mCl, mK/mS and mK/(mCl+mS). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to reveal the effects of cigarette burning rate on its ash integrity, ash color value, ash crack rate, ash shrink rate, burn line width, burn line uniformity, burning rates of 46 cigarette samples were measured using machine vision technology under the ISO smoking regime. Statistical analyses were employed to investigate the correlation between the ash integrity and burning rate of the cigarettes. The results showed that: 1) Puffing was an important factor affecting the ash integrity of the test cigarettes, and the shrink rate and crack rate of ash column also increased. The burn line became wider and more irregular and the ash color was whiter during puffing. The seam of cigarette paper improved the ash integrity of the ash column, and effectively reduced the large increase of the ash crack rate of the section with single layer cigarette paper caused by puffing. 2) The variations of ash color value and the burn line uniformity were small, the variations of the burn line width, burning rate and ash shrink rate were medium, and the variation of ash crack rate was large. 3) The burning rate significantly positively correlated with ash color value and significantly negatively correlated with ash crack rate, ash shrink rate and burn line width. However, its correlation with the burn line uniformity was not significant. 4) With the increase of cigarette burning rate, the value of ash color increased first and then tended to be stable, the ash crack rate decreased first and then increased, and the ash shrink rate and burn line width decreased gradually. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the association between central pulse pressure level and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in patients receiving maintenance peritoneal dialysis., Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 234 patients on maintenance peritoneal dialysis. Central pulse pressure levels were measured using a SphygmoCor analyzer, and cardiovascular diseases were defined as diagnosed ischemic heart disease, heart failure, stroke or peripheral vascular disease., Results: The central pulse pressure levels of patients with CVD were significantly higher than those without CVD (51.7 ± 22.5 vs 43.7 ± 17.8 mmHg, P=0.004), while the brachial pulse pressure levels were comparable between the two patient groups. After adjusting for brachial pulse pressure and other relevant risk factors, central pulse pressure level was found to independently associate with CVD (adjusted OR=1.33, 95% CI 1.01-1.73, P=0.04 )., Conclusion: High central pulse pressure level may serve as a risk factor for CVD in patients on maintenance peritoneal dialysis.