1. Fabrication of a Silicide Thermoelectric Module Employing Fractional Factorial Design Principles
- Author
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Raphael Schuler, Daniel Nilsen Wright, M. Stange, Joachim Moe Graff, Matthias Schrade, Ole Martin Løvvik, Gustavo Castillo-Hernandez, Xin Song, Johannes de Boor, Gunstein Skomedal, and Erik Enebakk
- Subjects
fractional factorial design ,Fabrication ,Materials science ,silicide thermoelectric module ,business.industry ,Contact resistance ,Fractional factorial design ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Thermoelectric materials ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Taguchi methods ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Thermoelectric generator ,chemistry ,Thermoelectric effect ,Silicide ,Materials Chemistry ,Optoelectronics ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,business - Abstract
Thermoelectric modules can be used in waste heat harvesting, sensing, and cooling applications. Here, we report on the fabrication and performance of a four-leg module based on abundant silicide materials. While previously optimized Mg2Si0.3Sn0.675Bi0.025 is used as the n-type leg, we employ a fractional factorial design based on the Taguchi methods mapping out a four-dimensional parameter space among Mnx-εMoεSi1.75−δGeδ higher manganese silicide compositions for the p-type material. The module is assembled using a scalable fabrication process, using a Cu metallization layer and a Pb-based soldering paste. The maximum power output density of 53 μW cm–2 is achieved at a hot-side temperature of 250 °C and a temperature difference of 100 °C. This low thermoelectric output is related to the high contact resistance between the thermoelectric materials and the metallic contacts, underlining the importance of improved metallization schemes for thermoelectric module assembly.
- Published
- 2021