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I det moderna samhället har artificiell intelligens (AI) blivit alltmer integrerad i vardagen (Chamberlain m.fl., 2018). Framväxten av ny teknik har även lett till att företag automatiserat olika aspekter av sin verksamhet med hjälp av AI-metoder. I och med 2023s “The screenwriters strike” mot användning av AI-teknik (Rogin & Corkery, 2023) belyses vikten av att studera professionella kreatörers syn på AI i den kreativa industrin. Syftet med studien är att utforska hur yrkessamma kreatörer definierar kreativitet, vilka erfarenheter av och attityder till artificiell intelligens de har inom sitt yrkesliv, samt hur de tror att AI kan förändra landskapet för den kreativa industrin. Denna undersökning utförs genom 8 individuella och semistrukturerade intervjuer för att förstå fenomenen utifrån respondenternas egna perspektiv. Specifikt ska studien förstå hur dessa kreatörer uppfattar AI:s inverkan på deras arbete och dess potential att omforma de kreativa industrierna framåt. Studien utgår från teorier om medieekologi, komponentteorin om kreativitet och diffusion av innovation. Resultatet av de kvalitativa intervjuerna med digitala kreatörer och designers visar att kreativitet ses som en dynamisk process som drivs av frihet, innovation och personliga intryck. De betonar att förmågan att arbeta utan hårda begränsningar främjar flexibilitet, vilket är nödvändigt för att utforska nya idéer och koncept, vilket reflekterar Amabiles (1996) teori om kognitiv flexibilitet och divergerande tänkande. Positiv feedback, samarbete och utbildning spelar även viktiga roller för kreativitet, som förbättrar kreativ utveckling, ger nödvändig uppmuntran och upprätthåller kreativt momentum. Det framkommer vidare att kreatörerna har relativt liten erfarenhet av att använda AI på sin arbetsplats. De betraktar AI med blandade känslor av oro, vilket baseras på dess upplevda potential att minska kreatörernas arbetsmöjligheter, och en acceptans där kreatörer anser att det är viktigt att kun, In modern society, artificial intelligence (AI) has become increasingly integrated into everyday life (Chamberlain et al., 2018). The emergence of new technology has also led to companies automating various aspects of their operations using AI methods. Me and med 2023's “The screenwriters' strike” against the use of AI technology (Rogin & Corkery, 2023) highlights the importance of studying professional creators' views on AI in the creative industry. The purpose of studies is to explore how professional creators define creativity, what experiences and attitudes towards artificial intelligence they have in their professional lives, and how they believe that AI can change the landscape of the creative industry. This investigation is carried out through 8 individual and semi-structured interviews to understand the phenomena from the respondents' own perspectives. Specifically, it will be studied to understand how these creators perceive AI's impact on their work and its potential to reshape the creative industries going forward. The study is based on theories of media ecology, the component theory of creativity and diffusion of innovation. The results of the qualitative interviews with digital creators and designers show that creativity is seen as a dynamic process that drives freedom, innovation and personal impressions. They emphasize that the ability to work without hard constraints promotes flexibility, which is necessary to explore new ideas and concepts, reflecting the theory of Amabiles (1996) on cognitive flexibility and divergent thinking. Positive feedback, collaboration and education also play important roles in creativity, enhancing creative development, providing necessary encouragement and maintaining creative momentum. The creators have relatively little experience of using AI in their workplace. They view AI with mixed feelings, based on its potential to reduce creators' job opportunities and an acceptance where creators consider it important to be

Syftet med studien är att bidra med kunskap om i vilken utsträckning svensklärare använder sig av multimodala uttrycksformer och introducerar dem för eleverna i samband med muntliga lärandesituationer i ämnet svenska för årskurs 4–6, samt hur de multimodala uttrycksformerna påverkar elevernas lärande vid muntliga lärandesituationer. Studien belyser hur svensklärare i årskurs 4–6 upplever att de arbetar och använder sig av multimodala uttrycksformer i sin svenskundervisning. Studien belyser även hur lärarna upplever att de multimodala uttrycksformerna påverkar elevernas lärande vid muntliga lärandesituationer. Den sociokulturella teorin och dess syn på lärares roll vid elevers lärande är det som ligger till grund för studien. Studien utgår från en kvalitativ forskningsmetod. För att besvara studiens frågeställningar har semistrukturerade intervjuer använts där sex verksamma svensklärare i årskurs 4–6 har deltagit. Kvalitativ tematisk analys har använts för att bearbeta insamlade data från intervjuerna.Resultatet visar att svensklärarna använder sig av multimodala uttrycksformer vid muntliga lärandesituationer men även vid andra lärandesituationer i svenskundervisningen. Det framkommer i resultatet att det finns en osäkerhet hos svensklärarna kring begreppets innebörd. Resultatet visar också att några av lärarna ser multimodala uttrycksformer både som en möjlighet och nödvändighet för elevernas lärande. De andra lärarna ser multimodala uttrycksformer som ett hinder. En slutsats är att svensklärare behöver mer information om hur de multimodala uttrycksformerna kan användas och vilka olika multimodala uttrycksformer det finns., The purpose of the study is to contribute knowledge about the extent to which Swedish teachers use multimodal forms of expression and introduce them to students in connection with oral learning situations in the subject of Swedish for grades 4–6, and how these multimodal forms of expression affect students' learning during oral learning situations. The study highlights how Swedish teachers in grades 4–6 perceive their work and use of multimodal forms of expression in their Swedish teaching. The study also highlights how teachers perceive how the multimodal forms of expression affect students' learning during oral learning situations.The sociocultural theory and its view on the role of teachers - teaching, forms the basis of the study. The study is based on a qualitative research method. To answer the study's questions, semi-structured interviews were conducted with six active Swedish teachers in grades 4–6. Qualitative thematic analysis was used to process the collected data from the interviews.The results show that Swedish teachers use multimodal forms of expression in oral learning situations as well as in other learning situations in Swedish teaching. The findings indicate that there is uncertainty among Swedish teachers about the meaning of the concept. The results also show that some of the teachers see multimodal forms of expression both as an opportunity and a necessity for students' learning, while others view them as an obstacle. One conclusion is that Swedish teachers need more information on how multimodal forms of expression can be used and the different types of multimodal forms of expression that exist.

Multimodal forms of expression have been added to the latest updated curriculum but doesn’t have an explicit description of the didactical questions, what, how, when, and why. You can find research about multimodal forms of expression used as a resource with reading- and writing difficulties, also for a meaningful learning, but it is missing in forms of the oral expressions. This essay examines how multimodal forms of expression is used when students are presenting oral presentations and how it is discussed in scientific research for the Swedish subject in year 4-6. This essay examines what students experiences when making an oral presentation and pros and cons with multimodal forms of expression for students learning abilities when presenting an oral presentation during the Swedish subject. The sociocultural perspective, social-semiotic and the design theoretic perspective is the foundation of the analyzed material. The Swedish and the international litterateur has been found in databases and are all based on scientific research. To determine relevance of litterateur a chart of overview has been made for the material that we found relevant to the essays purpose and question formulations. The result indicates that multimodal forms of expression have both pros and cons for the learning abilities in education. It also indicates that many students have negative experiences during oral presentations. The question formulations are partly answered, and a conclusion is that multimodal forms of expression can be used as a complement when making oral presentations. The result indicates that multimodal forms of expression give students meaningful learning opportunities and offers them several possibilities of performing an oral presentation.

Studien syfte är att få en djupare kunskap om hur fritidslärare arbetar med utomhusundervisning i främjandet av elevers sociala färdigheter. Genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med sex fritidslärare på två olika fritidshem i södra Sverige, synliggjordes fritidslärarnas upplevelser om vilka sociala förmågor elever utvecklar via utomhusundervisning. Studien belyser även vilka typer av utomhusaktiviteter fritidslärare använder i utomhusundervisningen samt hur fritidslärarna beskriver kopplingen mellan sociala relationer och elevers lärande. Studien består av tre frågeställningar; Hur beskriver fritidslärare utomhusundervisningens möjligheter att främja elevers sociala färdigheter i fritidshemmet? Vilka sociala förmågor anser fritidslärare utvecklas främst av undervisning som är baserad på utomhusundervisning? Hur beskriver fritidslärare kopplingen mellan sociala relationer och elevers lärande? Respondenterna för studien valdes ut genom ett subjektivt urval, då de innehar kunskaper om utomhusundervisning. Studiens resultat analyseras och diskuteras utifrån ett sociokulturellt perspektiv. Resultatet visar att fritidslärarna använder sig av organiserade rastaktiviteter, rörelse till musik, skogs- och fiskeutflykter, friluftsteknik och friluftslivsutbildning. Vidare visar resultatet att fritidslärare främst ansåg att elevers sociala färdigheter i form av samarbete, kommunikationsförmågor och en gemenskap i elevgruppen utvecklas genom utomhusundervisningen. Slutligen visar resultatet att fritidslärarna tycker sig se att de sociala färdigheterna utomhus utvecklar elevers lärande i deras respektive utvecklingszoner, genom samspel mellan åldersgrupper samt lärandet av normer och regler via lekar. Intentionen är att bidra med kunskap till fältet inom forskningsämnet fritidspedagogik och dess kunskapsområden inom lärande, utveckling och omsorg.

The company Rörets Industrier AB is working on developing products within the theme of compact living and is currently selling more products of this theme. In the thesis, the interest falls into trying to expand the possibility of waste management in the home by creating a new concept. The concept should be a complementary product for current sorting containers in homes where people live more compact. The report summarizes the development of the product concept, from the beginning to the end. From how the project started, to how the product concept looks and what properties it has. The work began by studying how the housing situation is in Sweden, how they live and how the todays environment is affected by rest products. The research questions were then decided and a collection of different theories about design and its significance was obtained. Different Methods where then determined, to be able to decide how the work would be performed and a GANTT chart was created to give the work a good structure. With the background facts, theories, methods and schedule as the base, the process began with developing a concept for a product that could facilitate the waste sorting in the home. The concept should radiate storage within the theme of compact living, and at the same time, be as attractive as possible to the customer. This is done by giving the customer a positive experience of the product when it is used. All the concepts that were created, were weighed against each other in different Pugh matrices. The winning concept was then selected, for further development. The result presented three sorting containers, with a relatively large volume, which can either hang together or individually. The containers can be put up on either a wall or onto a door, to reduce the uptake of floor space. The preliminary study found that the most competing company products occupies the floor area, and only a few could be placed hanging, but in a limited way. This is a problem for people

Denna uppsats behandlar om en ökning av antalet män inom omvårdnadspersonalen påverkat yrkets identitet och personalens vilja att höja yrkets status. Vi har utifrån fem semistrukturerade intervjuer och femton enkäter analyserat hur personalen på ett äldreboende i en kommun i Skåne ser på sig själva, sitt yrke och sin arbetssituation samt hur de ser på utbildning som ett verktyg att påverka dessa. Vi analyserar materialet utifrån diskurser kring kön, professionalisering, vård samt yrkesidentiteter. Resultatet av vår undersökning visade på att samtliga informanter ansåg att det var män inom äldreomsorgen spelar en viktig roll exempel på detta var mäns logik. Det visade även på att informanterna hade en traditionell föreställning om kön och genus samt att önskan att höja yrkets status var hög.

Data traffic on the Internet of today is controlled by a non-linear controller (TCP) at each sender node, which increases packet transmission rate each time an acknowledgment is received in due time, and decreases otherwise. The routers may co-operate with TCP by deliberately dropping packets, so called early drops. The idea is to decrease packet arrival rate before the queue becomes full and hard drops of packets are necessary. State of the art is to compute the probability of an early drop as a static function of the (filtered) queue length. We propose to use an auto-regressive model for the oscillative behavior of the queue length that can be observed in practice. With this model, the queue length can be predicted and a dynamic algorithm for computing the early drop probability can be used. We suggest a very simple modification of existing algorithms, where a short-time prediction is used instead of the current queue value, and demonstrate using ns-2 simulations that the overall throughput increases.

Internet flow control algorithms used today are separately designed and tuned for outdated setups and traffic mixes. Differnet algorithms exist in both end nodes an core routers of a network. This work presents improved techniques for network flow control. The solutions are adaptive and scalable to account for changing network structures and shifts in the traffic mix. The flow control is performed at the network routers by adaptive queue management. The problem is identified to be a control problem, which requires dynamic models to base control design on. System identification and automatic control are used to design adaptive queue management techniques. It is shown that biased autoregressive models of the queue length dynamics capture the main dynamics. The throughput is increased and the oscillations damped by using knowledge from the model, in the control. The techniques for adaptive queue management are triggered by packet arrivals, which indicate nonuniform sampling rather than uniform. Techniques for modeling dynamics based on nonuniform samples are discussed. Accurate approximations of the signal spectra can be used to adopt continuous time models. Approximations of the Fourier transform based on nonuniform samples are developed and evaluated. Continuous time models can be identified using standard identification techniques, from nonuniformly sampled data. Some of the considerations that has to made are presented. Filtering at nonuniform sample times is also discussed. There exist many control problems on different levels in a network. An overview of network control is given, based on available specification. The control problems are also presented using block diagrams and connections between the problems are highlighted. It is shown that, is important to consider the structure of underlying network control when design is done., Internet är ett komplext kommunikationssystem som började byggas i slutet på 1960-talet. Det är uppbyggt av lager med funktionalitet för att underlätta för ny design. Varje lager är avskärmat från över och underliggande lager och har hand om en specifik del av kommunikationen. Data på internet skickas paketvis och varje paket är individuellt, endast vid sändare och mottagare finns paketen med säkerhet i rätt ordning. Flera regler finns för att kommunikationen ska vara så bra, snabb och säker, som möjligt. Dessa regler är i många fall kvarlevor från Internets tidiga dagar och forskare världen över arbetar med förbättringar på olika plan. Avhandlingen börjar med en översikt om hur reglerteknik kan användas på Internet både på hög och låg nivå. Detta synsätt används sedan för att förbättra prestanda i en kö på nätverket, genom att hitta samband för hur kön uppför sig och utifrån dessa ta beslut om ett paket som just anlänt ska kastas eller inte. Detta ger resultat på grund av att avsändaren till paketet kommer att sänka sin sändhastighet när sändningen inte lyckades, därför dämpas också inhastigheten till kön. Köregleringen på Internet ger upphov till flera nya problem, bland annat på grund av att paket inte anländer i regelbunden takt utan tiden mellan deras ankomst varierar slumpmässigt. Avhandlingen behandlar matematik för ickelikformig sampling, som dessa slumpmässiga ankomster ger upphov till. Detta görs för att kunna använda den designade tekniken i en verklig Internetkö, samt för att utveckla den allmänna teorin på området.

The vision of mobile Internet comprises heterogeneous networks with both wired and wireless infrastructures. The network parts are typically radio access network, core network, service network, Internet, etc. Due to the multitude of nodes and users in such networks and the complicated nature of layered communications protocols, performance analysis through simulations is crucial. The open source network simulation tool, ns-2, is widely used for simulating the behavior of wired, routed networks. This work adds modules to model radio access network nodes that emulate typical behavior of UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network) - the 3G standard opted for in Europe and Japan. Furthermore, data communication examples illustrate typical behavior of such a heterogenous network.

Due to the rapid growth of the Internet and the use of packet data traffic, the communication world has to find ways of improving performance of this traffic. New areas of use include, e.g., radio transmissions and real time data. This work discusses some issues of performance when using TCP and also present some of the measures that are used today. Furthermore we discuss this matter from the perspective of a bottleneck queue and present a measure that can be used from that viewpoint in the network. This measure is illustrated by comparing two versions of TCP and form the basis for a discussion of what models will be needed to actually achieve the goals that we have. A control structure is presented and using simulations and a control interpretation we note that RED introduces an implicit wanted steady state value of the queue length. We use the dropping of packets as a control signal and the output signal is the queue length.

One of the challenges of the communication world today is to improve the performance of Internet traffic for the changing traffic scenarios of today, e.g., radio transmissions. This leaves us with the question of what good performance is and how we measure it. This work will discuss some issues of performance when using TCP and also present some of the measures that are used today. We will then discuss this matter from the perspective of a bottleneck queue and present a measure that can be used from that view point in the network. This measure is illustrated by comparing two versions of TCP and is used as a base for a discussion of what models will be needed to actually achieve the goals that we have. A control structure is presented that currently is used as a base for the development of a mathematical description of the system. We use the dropping of packets as a control signal, as is done by e.g. ~ RED, and the output signal is the queue length.

The main protocol for flow and congestion control on the Internet is the Transmission Control Protocol, TCP. This protocol was constructed and developed based on heuristic arguments, and its main purpose is to prevent network congestion. Because of changes in the character of the Internet traffic, TCP does not work as well as when it was designed - a problem that has been addressed by researchers in different ways. In this contribution, the bad performance of TCP will be illustrated using queue occupation. Simulations have been made using a simple simulation testbed implemented in the Matlab tools Simulink and StateFlow, as well as a more complex environment in a simulator developed at Berkeley called ns-2. It is seen that a modified TCP implementation yields significant performance improvements.