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A new species of the Neotropical genus Alepia Enderlein, 1937 is described from the Azores Archipelago based on morphological characters and DNA barcodes from male and female specimens. Images of the new species as well as a discussion of the origin of this species are also provided. Moreover, we include an identification key for the adult male Psychodidae species recorded on the Azores Archipelago and comment on each species present on these islands. This is the first record of the genus Alepia from Azores.

Mapping the spatial and temporal dynamics of species distributions is necessary for biodiversity conservation land-use planning decisions. Recent advances in remote sensing and machine learning have allowed for high resolution species distribution modelling that can inform landscape-level decision making. Here we compare the performance of three popular Sentinel-2 (10m) land cover maps including Dynamic World (DW), European land cover (ELC10) and World Cover (WC), in predicting wild bee species richness over southern Norway. The proportion of grassland habitat within 250m (derived from the land cover maps), along with temperature and distance to sandy soils, were used as predictors in both Bayesian Regularized Neural Network and Random Forest models. Models using grassland habitat from DW performed best (RMSE = 2.85; averaged across models), followed by WC (RMSE = 2.86) and ELC10 (RMSE = 2.89). All satellite-derived maps outperformed a manually mapped Norwegian land cover dataset called AR5 (RMSE = 3.02). When validating the model predictions of bee species richness against citizen science data on solitary bee occurrences using generalized linear models, we found that ELC10 performed best (AIC = 2800), followed by WC (AIC = 2939), and DW (AIC = 2973). While the differences in RMSE we observed between models were small, they may be significant when such models are used to prioritize grassland patches within a landscape for conservation subsidies or management policies. Partial dependencies in our models showed that increasing the proportion of grassland habitat is positively associated with wild bee species richness, thereby justifying bee conservation schemes that aim to enhance semi-natural grassland habitat. Our results confirm the utility of satellite-derived land cover maps in supporting high resolution species distribution modelling and suggest there is scope to monitor changes in species distributions over time given the dense time series provided by products like DW.

Phoresy is a widespread phenomenon in mites. It allows mesostigmatid mites that are associated with ephemeral habitats such as mammal dung to travel fast on larger animals that can detect a proper habitat from a greater distance. To address the gap in knowledge on phoresy in these mites, we examined host specificity in phoretic Mesostigmata associated with psychodid species and studied temporal dynamics to see if phoretic life cycles are synchronized with the host life cycle. Using a field collection of more than 2500 moth flies (Psychodidae) from eight localities in Norway, we found three out of 29 species carrying phoretic mites of two species: deutonymphs of Trachygamasus ambulacralis were phoretic on female Psychoda phalaenoides and both sexes of Psychoda grisescens, and adults of Iphidozercon gibbus were phoretic on females of Psychoda satchelli. All flies were species with larval development in vertebrate dung. Abundances of P. phalaenoides and T. ambulacralis were highly correlated, probably due to the two species exhibiting similar seasonal variations in abundance; both were significantly seasonal with a peak in August and September. Thus, T. ambulacralis infestation levels on P. phalaenoides appeared similar throughout the season. We discuss the implications for the life histories of the mites in question. Trachygamasus ambulacralis is first time recorded from Norway. publishedVersion

(1) We document the invertebrate fauna collected from 24 oak canopies in east and west Norway as a contribution to the Norwegian Biodiversity Information Centre’s ‘The Norwegian Taxonomy Initiative’. (2) A snap-shot inventory of the canopies was recorded by means of emitting a mist of natural pyrethrum into the canopies at night using a petrol-driven fogger and collecting the specimens in butterfly nets spread on the ground under the canopy. (3) Almost the entire catch of more than 6800 specimens was identified to 722 species. Out of 92 species new to the Norwegian fauna, 21 were new to science and, additionally, 15 were new to the Nordic fauna. Diptera alone constituted nearly half of the species represented, with 61 new records (18 new species). Additionally, 24 Hymenoptera (one new species), six oribatid mites (two new species) and one Thysanoptera were new to the Norwegian fauna. (4) Our study emphasizes the importance of the oak tree as a habitat both for a specific fauna and occasional visitors, and it demonstrates that the canopy fogging technique is an efficient way to find the ‘hidden fauna’ of Norwegian forests. The low number of red listed species found reflects how poor the Norwegian insect fauna is still studied. Moreover, the implication of the IUCN red list criteria for newly described or newly observed species is discussed. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses /by/4.0/).

Frog-biting midges (Diptera: Corethrellidae) are hematophagous flies in which females feed on anuran blood using the mating calls produced by calling male frogs. This family is of large ecological, evolutionary and ethological interest, but its geological history is poorly known. We describe a new species of frog-biting midge (Diptera, Corethrellidae), Corethrella patula sp. nov., from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber (ca. 99 Ma). This new species is distinct from Corethrella andersoni, known from the same deposit, differing in having more slender mid femora and a triangular bifid tarsal segment 5 without scales. These two species, however, share an apparent synapomorphy in the wing; R2 vein diverting from R2+3 at 75° angle in relation to R3. The well-preserved male genitalia of the new species suggest C. patula and C. andersoni are a distinct, early lineage not easily placeable within either of the described subgenera of Corethrella.

We revise the Oriental species of Bruchomyiinae based on type and additional material, with first descriptions of the genus Alexanderia Wagner & Kvifte, gen. nov. and A. thailandensis Wagner, Rulik & Polseela, sp.nov. The genus further comprises Nemapalpus orientalis Edwards, 1928 (type species), Nemopalpus vietnamensis Quate, 1962 and Nemapalpus unicolor Edwards, 1928. Alexanderia thailandensis is described using morphology of males and females and DNA barcodes, whereas A. orientalis Edwards, 1928 comb.nov., A. unicolor Edwards 1928 comb.nov., and A. vietnamensis Quate 1962 comb. nov. are redescribed. The male and female internal genitalia in the genus are discussed in the context of sexual selection, and we suggest that the spermathecal ducts of the female and the basiphallic musculature of the male may be shaped by a male/female coevolutionary arms race.

Classification of Psychodinae has been a hotly contested topic in the taxonomic literature, with multiple mutually incompatible classifications proposed. Three main points of contention can be identified: (i) the validity of Maruinini Enderlein as a tribe‐level taxon and whether it forms a monophyletic group; (ii) the placement of subtribe Trichopsychodina Ježek – specifically whether it belongs with Psychoda Latreille in Psychodini or with Paramormia Enderlein and Telmatoscopus Eaton in Paramormiini Enderlein or Mormiini Enderlein; and (iii) whether Mormia Enderlein is more closely related to Brunettia Annandale or Paramormia Enderlein and Telmatoscopus Eaton. In the present paper, these questions are investigated using a molecular phylogeny of sequences compiled from all previous molecular phylogenies relevant to Psychodinae, as well as some hitherto unpublished sequences. The resulting matrix comprised 5406 base pairs from six markers for 32 taxa, and when analysed using Bayesian inference it yielded a well‐resolved tree which was unambiguous for all previously contentious points: Maruinini sensu lato (including Setomimini) was resolved as a valid taxon, Trichopsychodina is rendered paraphyletic by Psychodini, and Mormia is not closely related to Brunettia, but instead closer to Telmatoscopus and Paramormia. A revised tribal classification of Psychodinae is proposed, recognizing the tribes Psychodini, Brunettiini, Maruinini and Pericomaini as well as 17 unplaced genera.

Chaoborus ceratopogones (Theobald, 1903) is recorded for the first time from Reunion Island and C. fryeri Verbeke, 1958 for the first time from Ghana. Both species are briefly rediagnosed to account for differences with previously described populations. Additional new material of C. ceratopogones from Ghana and C. pallidipes (Theobald, 1911) from Uganda is presented.

The genus Neomaruina is diagnosed, with several new apomorphic characters recognized. Neomaruina ghanae n. sp. is described and illustrated based on an adult male specimen from Boti falls in Ghana. Neomaruina usambarica Wagner and Andersen, 2007 is redescribed and illustrated based on type and new material, in order to supplement the original description and to document variation in shape of gonostyli. A key to adults of all described Neomaruina species is presented, and the distribution of the genus within the Afrotropical region is discussed.

Gondwanoscurus curleri sp. nov. is described based on four males collected in November 1990 and April 1991 in the West Usambara Mountains, Tanzania. It is the first species of Gondwanoscurus Ježek, 2001 to be described from the African mainland, and the second from the Afrotropical Region. The new species is characterized by a strongly asymmetric first flagellomere with a large mesal projection; and by several genitalic characters including simple gonostyli with acuminate apices and the surstylus without discernable basal projection. A key to world species of Gondwanoscurus is presented based on data from the literature.

Pericoma miljenkoi sp. nov. is described based on adult males from the Plitvička jezera National Park, Croatia. Pericoma trifasciata is recorded from Croatia for the first time, and COI DNA barcodes are given from specimens collected in Germany. An emended key to adult Pericoma of the trifasciata group is presented. The Croatian Psychodidae fauna now stands at 35 species.

Study of all flies (Diptera) collected for one year from a four-hectare (150 x 266 meter) patch of cloud forest at 1,600 meters above sea level at Zurquí de Moravia, San José Province, Costa Rica (hereafter referred to as Zurquí), revealed an astounding 4,332 species. This amounts to more than half the number of named species of flies for all of Central America. Specimens were collected with two Malaise traps running continuously and with a wide array of supplementary collecting methods for three days of each month. All morphospecies from all 73 families recorded were fully curated by technicians before submission to an international team of 59 taxonomic experts for identification. Overall, a Malaise trap on the forest edge captured 1,988 species or 51% of all collected dipteran taxa (other than of Phoridae, subsampled only from this and one other Malaise trap). A Malaise trap in the forest sampled 906 species. Of other sampling methods, the combination of four other Malaise traps and an intercept trap, aerial/hand collecting, 10 emergence traps, and four CDC light traps added the greatest number of species to our inventory. This complement of sampling methods was an effective combination for retrieving substantial numbers of species of Diptera. Comparison of select sampling methods (considering 3,487 species of non-phorid Diptera) provided further details regarding how many species were sampled by various methods. Comparison of species numbers from each of two permanent Malaise traps from Zurquí with those of single Malaise traps at each of Tapantí and Las Alturas, 40 and 180 km distant from Zurquí respectively, suggested significant species turnover. Comparison of the greater number of species collected in all traps from Zurquí did not markedly change the degree of similarity between the three sites, although the actual number of species shared did increase. Comparisons of the total number of named and unnamed species of Diptera from four hectares at Zurquí is equivalent to 51% of all flies named from Central America, greater than all the named fly fauna of Colombia, equivalent to 14% of named Neotropical species and equal to about 2.7% of all named Diptera worldwide. Clearly the number of species of Diptera in tropical regions has been severely underestimated and the actual number may surpass the number of species of Coleoptera. Various published extrapolations from limited data to estimate total numbers of species of larger taxonomic categories (e.g., Hexapoda, Arthropoda, Eukaryota, etc.) are highly questionable, and certainly will remain uncertain until we have more exhaustive surveys of all and diverse taxa (like Diptera) from multiple tropical sites. Morphological characterization of species in inventories provides identifications placed in the context of taxonomy, phylogeny, form, and ecology. DNA barcoding species is a valuable tool to estimate species numbers but used alone fails to provide a broader context for the species identified.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T15:56:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-12-01 Estimations of tropical insect diversity generally suffer from lack of known groups or faunas against which extrapolations can be made, and have seriously underestimated the diversity of some taxa. Here we report the intensive inventory of a four-hectare tropical cloud forest in Costa Rica for one year, which yielded 4332 species of Diptera, providing the first verifiable basis for diversity of a major group of insects at a single site in the tropics. In total 73 families were present, all of which were studied to the species level, providing potentially complete coverage of all families of the order likely to be present at the site. Even so, extrapolations based on our data indicate that with further sampling, the actual total for the site could be closer to 8000 species. Efforts to completely sample a site, although resource-intensive and time-consuming, are needed to better ground estimations of world biodiversity based on limited sampling. Entomology Section Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, 900 Exposition Boulevard Royal British Columbia Museum and the American Museum of Natural History, 691-8th Ave. SE Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Poole Agricultural Center Clemson University, 130 McGinty Court, E-143 Depto. de Biologia FFCLRP Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900 Great Lakes Forestry Centre Canadian Forest Service Natural Resources Canada, 1219 Queen St. E. Australian Museum, 1 William Street Department of Natural Resource Sciences McGill University Macdonald Campus Canadian National Collection of Insects Invertebrate Biodiversity Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, K.W. Neatby Building, 960 Carling Avenue Department of Biological Sciences Spaulding Hall University of New Hampshire Department of Biological Sciences Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy Instituto Federal do Triângulo Mineiro – Campus Uberaba. Rua João Batista Ribeiro 4000 Distrito Industrial II Departamento de Zoologia Universidade Federal do Paraná Jardim das Américas Mississippi Entomological Museum Mississippi State University, 100 Old Highway 12, P.O. Drawer 9775 Department of Biology Western Kentucky University Integrative Research Center Field Museum of Natural History Independent Investigator California State Collection of Arthropods, 2683 Tam O’ Shanter Dr., El Dorado Hills California Department of Food and Agriculture California State Collection of Arthropods, 3294 Meadowview Rd. The Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, 1900 Ben Franklin Parkway American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th St. Department of Entomology University of California Riverside, 900 University Ave. Zoological Museum Biodiversity Unit FI-20014 University of Turku Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL) Red Ambiente y Sustentabilidad, Carretera Antigua a Coatepec 351, Col El Haya, Xalapa Station Linné, Ölands Skogsby 161 I. I. Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Bogdan Chmielnicki St. 15 Universidad de Panama Department of Natural History University Museum of Bergen University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7800 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue School of Environmental Sciences University of Guelph Department of Entomology Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC 169 Natural History Museum of Denmark, Universitetsparken 15 Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190 Systematic Entomology Laboratory USDA ARS c/o National Museum of Natural History, MRC-168, P.O. Box 37012 Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia CCEN Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Castelo Branco, s/n Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Kliniekstraat 25 Research Group Terrestrial Ecology (TEREC) Ghent University, K.L.Ledeganckstraat 35 Entomology Unit Royal Belgian Institute for Natural Sciences (RBINS), Vautierstraat 29 USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 1648 S. 7th Avenue Department of Biological Sciences Bishop’s University, 2600 College Street UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal; Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n Canadian National Collection of Insects & Canadian Food Inspection Agency OPL-Entomology, K.W. Neatby Bldg., C.E.F., 960 Carling Ave. Department of Biological Sciences University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW Finnish Museum of Natural History Zoology Unit University of Helsinki Washington State University, 2533 Inter Avenue Bohart Museum of Entomology University of California, One Shields Avenue Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INBio) UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal; Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n

Kvifte, Gunnar Mikalsen, Curler, Gregory R., Marshall, Stephen A. (2018): Aquatic insects in the forest canopy: a new genus of moth flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) developing in slime on aerial roots. Journal of Natural History 52 (3-4): 137-153, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2017.1410590, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2017.1410590

Three compound nests of Formica lemani Bondroit, 1917 and Lasius flavus (Fabricius, 1782) are reported from Lygra, Western Norway. This is the first plesiobiontic relationship reported for F. lemani and the 9th for L. flavus . Behavioural and landscape ecological traits associated with plesiobiosis are discussed.

Scientific reports 7, 41899 (2017). doi:10.1038/srep41899, The life-like fidelity of organisms captured in amber is unique among all kinds of fossilization and represents an invaluable source for different fields of palaeontological and biological research. One of the most challenging aspects in amber research is the study of traits related to behaviour. Here, indirect evidence for pheromone-mediated mating behaviour is recorded from a biting midge (Ceratopogonidae) in 54 million-year-old Indian amber. Camptopterohelea odora n. sp. exhibits a complex, pocket shaped structure on the wings, which resembles the wing folds of certain moth flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) and scent organs that are only known from butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) so far. Our studies suggests that pheromone releasing structures on the wings have evolved independently in biting midges and might be much more widespread in fossil as well as modern insects than known so far., Published by Nature Publishing Group, London

Potophila verrucosa gen. n. et sp. n. is described based on a male from the West Usambara mountains, Tanzania. The genus and species are characterised by an elongate first flagellomere with the node more than three times as long as the internode, an asymmetrical aedeagus and two parameres carrying rugose morphoventral appendages. Potophila verrucosa cannot be placed in a systematic context with certainty, but several characters are consistent with a relationship to the tribe Psychodini.

A checklist of the families Chaoboridae, Dixidae, Thaumaleidae, Psychodidae and Ptychopteridae (Diptera) recorded from Finland is given. Four species, Dixella dyari Garret, 1924 (Dixidae), Threticus tridactilis (Kincaid, 1899), Panimerus albifacies (Tonnoir, 1919) and Panimerus przhiboroi Wagner, 2005 (Psychodidae) are reported for the first time from Finland.

The life-like fidelity of organisms captured in amber is unique among all kinds of fossilization and represents an invaluable source for different fields of palaeontological and biological research. One of the most challenging aspects in amber research is the study of traits related to behaviour. Here, indirect evidence for pheromone-mediated mating behaviour is recorded from a biting midge (Ceratopogonidae) in 54 million-year-old Indian amber. Camptopterohelea odora n. sp. exhibits a complex, pocket shaped structure on the wings, which resembles the wing folds of certain moth flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) and scent organs that are only known from butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) so far. Our studies suggests that pheromone releasing structures on the wings have evolved independently in biting midges and might be much more widespread in fossil as well as modern insects than known so far.

The genus Perithreticus is recorded for the first time from Central America and the Caribbean. Two new species are described and figured: P. arboscandens Kvifte & Andersen, n. sp. from Zurquí, San José Province, Costa Rica and P. guantanamera Kvifte & Andersen, n. sp. from Alexander von Humboldt National Park, Guantánamo Province, Cuba. The generic diagnosis is emended to accommodate the newly described species, and a key to the males of the Perithreticus species of the world is presented. El género Perithreticus es registrado por primera vez para la región de Centroamérica y el Caribe. Dos nuevas especies son descritas e ilustradas, P. arboscandens Kvifte & Andersen, n. sp. de Zurquí, provincia de San José, Costa Rica y P. guantanamera Kvifte & Andersen, n. sp. del Parque Nacional Alejandro de Humboldt, provincia de Guantánamo, Cuba. La diagnosis del género es enmendada para acomodar las nuevas especies y se presenta una clave para los machos de las especies de Perithreticus del mundo. publishedVersion

Psychodini is redefined based on morphological characters and newly recognized homologies in the male genitalia. It is hypothesised that the ground-plan aedeagus of Psychodini consists of a symmetrical bipartite aedeagus flanked by paired, symmetrical parameres; which in many lineages have become asymmetrical via the differentiation of phallomeres and parameres and/or via reduction of one paramere. The Afrotropical genera of Psychodini are reviewed and a key for their identification is provided. Perithreticus Vaillant, 1973 is recorded from Tanzania based on the new species Perithreticus anderseni sp. nov. The genus is redefined, characterised by an elongate symmetrical aedeagus with paired subtriangular parameres, and a broad M-shaped epiproct with a concave anterior margin. Soeliella gen. nov. is described to include Soeliella platypenis sp. nov.; characterised by the presence of paired subtriangular parameres and the distiphallic elements broadly fused into a spatulate plate. Rhipidopsychoda Vaillant, 1991 is raised from synonymy based on novel character interpretations. Rhipidopsychoda boettgeri (Wagner, 1979) comb. nov. is redescribed and a key to the world species is presented. The species Psychoda bilobata Quate, 1957 and Psychoda trilobata Quate, 1957, Psychoda morogorica WagnerAndersen, 2007 and Philosepedon triangularis Eaton, 1913 are of dubious generic placement and need revision.

Historically, Telmatoscopus Eaton, 1904 has been a nomenclaturally and taxonomically problematic taxon as different authors have used different type species to define their concepts of the genus. Here it is shown that Pericoma advena Eaton, 1893 is the valid type species rather than Pericoma morula Eaton, 1893. Furthermore, the genus Seoda Enderlein, 1935 is revived for the genus comprising Pericoma labeculosa Eaton, 1893, P. morula and their relatives. The differences between Telmatoscopus and Seoda are described in detail based on historical and freshly collected material of the three putative type species. Four new synonymies are proposed: Panimerus havelkai Wagner, 1975 and Telmatoscopus seguyi Vaillant, 1990 are synonymized with Telmatoscopus advena, and Telmatoscopus incanus Nielsen, 1964 and Telmatoscopus vaillanti Withers, 1986 are synonymized with Seoda morula. A potential phylogenetic pattern in the male genital sclerites is discussed in detail. In Telmatoscopus, the jointed appendages of the gonocoxally derived parameral complex are separate small sclerites found near the bases of the distiphallic lobes of the aedeagus. In Seoda, they are fused medially to form a small, moveable triangular or arrow-shaped sclerite. Medial parameral sclerite fusion in Psychodinae is otherwise known to occur only in Pericomaini and the paramormiine genus Psychomasina Ježek, 2004; however, many genera of Paramormiini show an apparently intermediate condition where the parameres are fused in one end to form a V- or U-shaped "furca". It is hypothesized that Paramormiini is paraphyletic with respect to Pericomaini, as suggested in a previous phylogenetic hypothesis based on molecular data.

Berdeniella keroveci sp. nov. is described based on males collected in Croatia. Current knowledge of the psychodid fauna of Croatia is reviewed and new records of 16 species are presented. Short taxonomic notes on Pericoma pseudocalcilega Krek, 1972, Pneumia balkanica (Krek, 1990), Pneumia mutua (Eaton, 1893), Clogmia albipunctata (Williston, 1893) and Lepiseodina tristis (Meigen, 1810) are given. In total, 33 species of Psychodidae are known to occur in Croatia.

We review the published records of Hesperinidae and Bibionidae (Diptera) from Croatia and add some new records based on recent, sporadic collecting in the country. The species Bibio handlirschi Duda, 1930 and Bibio reticulatus Loew, 1846 are recorded for the first time from Croatia. Notes are given on the taxonomy and bionomy of some of the species., U radu se daje pregled objavljenih nalaza iz porodica Hesperinidae i Bibionidae (Diptera) iz Hrvatske, uz dodatak novih nalaza prikupljenih slučajnim prikupljanjem. Vrste Bibio handlirschi Duda, 1930 i Bibio reticulatus Loew, 1846 zabilježene su prvi puta za Hrvatsku. Daju se podaci o taksonomiji i životu nekih vrsta.

The genus Troglocladius Andersen, Baranov et Hagenlund, gen. n. is erected based on T. hajdi Andersen, Baranov et Hagenlund, sp. n. collected at 980 m depth in the Lukina jama—Trojama cave system in Croatia. Morphological features such as pale color, strongly reduced eyes and very long legs make it a typical cave animal. Surprisingly, it has also retained large wings and appears to be capable of flight which would make T. hajdi the first flying troglobiont worldwide, disproving previous beliefs that bats are the only animals capable of flying in complete darkness. Morphologically the new species does not readily fit within any described genus, but shares characteristics with genera both in the tribes “Metriocnemini” and “Orthocladiini”. Bayesian molecular phylogenetic analysis using the markers COI, 18S rDNAs, 28S rDNA, CADI, and CADIV groups it with the genera Tvetenia, Cardiocladius and Eukiefferiella in the tribe “Metriocnemini”. Troglocladius hajdi may be parthenogenetic, as only females were collected. The discovery confirms the position of the Dinaric arch as a highly important hotspot of subterranean biodiversity. publishedVersion

Background The Trichoceridae are a small family distributed mainly in the Holarctic Region, most of which are associated with cold seasons and even snow. From the Iberian peninsula, 5 species have been recorded; however only a single previous occurence record exists from the Balearic islands. New information In this paper we present new records of two species from Mallorca, of which Trichocera (Saltrichocera) saltator (Harris, 1776) has not previously been recorded from the Balearic islands. Trichocera (Saltrichocera) annulata Meigen, 1818 is recorded for the first time from Mallorca. We furthermore discuss the species' distributions within the Mediterranean region and report new morphological data for the Mallorca island form of T. saltator.

Pericoma formosa Meunier, 1905 was described from Baltic amber and is of dubious systematic placement within the Psychodinae (Hennig, 1972; Meunier, 1905). Pericoma formosa Nielsen, 1964 was described from Zealand in Denmark and has later been found in Norway, France, Finland and the Czech and Slovak Republics (Ježek, 2006; Nielsen, 1964). The current work resolves the hitherto unrecognised homonymy of these names.

Psychoda cultella sp. n. is described. The new species is characterized by 16-segmented antennae with the three apicalflagellomeres globular, very short and partially fused; labellum with five terminal digital projections; aedeagus ca 1.7times the length of gonostylus; distiphallus bipartite, composed of a ventral phallomere with a roundish blunt tip and adorsal phallomere with pointed tip; basiphallus in lateral view sub-basally widened. The new species is known from Fin-land (29 localities) and Norway (6 localities), ranging from the southern boreal ecoregion to the subalpine zone. Psychoda cultella sp. n. is mainly found in Malaise trap samples collected from moist coniferous forests and spruce mires (riparianforests, springs) and rarely from fens and subalpine heaths. Two male specimens from Norway were reared from fruiting bodies of polypore fungi (either Fomes fomentarius or Piptoporus betulinus).