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Background/Objectives: To investigate the risk factors for CIN2+ lesions (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 or worse) in endocervical curettage (ECC) and to evaluate the relationship between the addition of ECC to punch biopsy in terms of the yield of CIN2+ lesions. Methods: Between February 2018 and 2019, data on colposcopy results from 11,944 patients were gathered from the Cancer Department of the Turkish Ministry of Health across the country. A total of 6370 women whom were referred to colposcopy were included in this study. Risk factors were identified using both univariate and multivariate logistic analyses. Results: The median age was 42 years old (range, 30–65). ASC-H (atypical squamous cells-suggestive of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion)/HSIL (high-grade intraepithelial lesion) cytology (OR 7.648 95% CI (3.933–14.871)) and HPV (human papillomavirus)-16/18 infection (OR 2.541 95% CI (1.788–3.611)) were identified as risk factors for having CIN2+ lesions. CIN2+ diagnostic yield by ECC is only 1.2% all patients. CIN2+ diagnostic yield by punch biopsy and ECC are 9.7% and 6% of patients, respectively. A higher CIN2+ yield by ECC was observed with increasing age. Among cytology groups, ASC-H/HSIL has highest CIN2+ yield by ECC. Finally, in patients with incomplete visualization of the squamocolumnar junction (SCJ), ECC yields approximately twice as many CIN2+ lesions. Conclusions: ECC should be considered in cases of advanced patient age and in situations where the SCJ is not routinely visualized. In addition, evaluation of the endocervical canal is necessary in HPV-positive cases infected with HPV-16/18 types and in cases infected with HPV of any type but with cytological abnormalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been affecting our lives since December 19. Naturally, during the COVID-19 outbreak, it has become a point of interest whether severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection might affect oocyte, and sperm and influence the implantation during the assisted reproductive technology cycles. In the current narrative review, we aimed to scrutinize articles about SARS-CoV-2 infection and infertility concerning the safety of gametes and the endometrium. Whereas the available data suggest that SARS-CoV-2 interferes with various types of molecular pathways in the oocyte, spermatozoa, and endometrium, the lack of co-expression in angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and transmembrane protease serine 2 in those cell lines theoretically avoid concerns by patients and reproductive endocrinologists. However, one should consider that those observations were based on a few case series and should be confirmed with further observational studies including a larger sample size with various clinic spectrums. Alternative pathways that can be utilized by the virus to invade gametes and individual differences in molecular expression are other potential limitations that should be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]