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10. The biological controls of soil carbon accumulation following wildfire and harvest in boreal forests: A review

Author

Gundale, Michael J., primary, Axelsson, E. Petter, additional, Buness, Vincent, additional, Callebaut, Timon, additional, DeLuca, Thomas H., additional, Hupperts, Stefan F., additional, Ibáñez, Theresa S., additional, Metcalfe, Daniel B., additional, Nilsson, Marie‐Charlotte, additional, Peichl, Matthias, additional, Spitzer, Clydecia M., additional, Stangl, Zsofia R., additional, Strengbom, Joachim, additional, Sundqvist, Maja K., additional, Wardle, David A., additional, and Lindahl, Björn D., additional

Published
2024
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11. The biological controls of soil carbon accumulation following wildfire and harvest in boreal forests : a review

Author

Gundale, Michael J., Axelsson, E. Petter, Buness, Vincent, Callebaut, Timon, DeLuca, Thomas H., Hupperts, Stefan F., Ibáñez, Theresa S., Metcalfe, Daniel B., Nilsson, Marie-Charlotte, Peichl, Matthias, Spitzer, Clydecia M., Stangl, Zsofia R., Strengbom, Joachim, Sundqvist, Maja K., Wardle, David A., Lindahl, Björn D., Gundale, Michael J., Axelsson, E. Petter, Buness, Vincent, Callebaut, Timon, DeLuca, Thomas H., Hupperts, Stefan F., Ibáñez, Theresa S., Metcalfe, Daniel B., Nilsson, Marie-Charlotte, Peichl, Matthias, Spitzer, Clydecia M., Stangl, Zsofia R., Strengbom, Joachim, Sundqvist, Maja K., Wardle, David A., and Lindahl, Björn D.

Abstract

Boreal forests are frequently subjected to disturbances, including wildfire and clear-cutting. While these disturbances can cause soil carbon (C) losses, the long-term accumulation dynamics of soil C stocks during subsequent stand development is controlled by biological processes related to the balance of net primary production (NPP) and outputs via heterotrophic respiration and leaching, many of which remain poorly understood. We review the biological processes suggested to influence soil C accumulation in boreal forests. Our review indicates that median C accumulation rates following wildfire and clear-cutting are similar (0.15 and 0.20 Mg ha−1 year−1, respectively), however, variation between studies is extremely high. Further, while many individual studies show linear increases in soil C stocks through time after disturbance, there are indications that C stock recovery is fastest early to mid-succession (e.g. 15–80 years) and then slows as forests mature (e.g. >100 years). We indicate that the rapid build-up of soil C in younger stands appears not only driven by higher plant production, but also by a high rate of mycorrhizal hyphal production, and mycorrhizal suppression of saprotrophs. As stands mature, the balance between reductions in plant and mycorrhizal production, increasing plant litter recalcitrance, and ectomycorrhizal decomposers and saprotrophs have been highlighted as key controls on soil C accumulation rates. While some of these controls appear well understood (e.g. temporal patterns in NPP, changes in aboveground litter quality), many others remain research frontiers. Notably, very little data exists describing and comparing successional patterns of root production, mycorrhizal functional traits, mycorrhizal-saprotroph interactions, or C outputs via heterotrophic respiration and dissolved organic C following different disturbances. We argue that these less frequently described controls require attention, as they will be key not only for underst

Published
2024
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14. Global meta-analysis reveals positive effects of biochar on soil microbial diversity

Author

National Key Research and Development Program (China), National Natural Science Foundation of China, China Scholarship Council, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Gundale, Michael J. [0000-0003-2447-609X], Zou, Xiaoming [0000-0001-9023-3067], Ruan, Honghua [0000-0002-6075-474X], Xu, Wenhuan, Xu, Hanmei, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Gundale, Michael J., Zou, Xiaoming, Ruan, Honghua, National Key Research and Development Program (China), National Natural Science Foundation of China, China Scholarship Council, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel [0000-0002-6499-576X], Gundale, Michael J. [0000-0003-2447-609X], Zou, Xiaoming [0000-0001-9023-3067], Ruan, Honghua [0000-0002-6075-474X], Xu, Wenhuan, Xu, Hanmei, Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel, Gundale, Michael J., Zou, Xiaoming, and Ruan, Honghua

Abstract

Biochar has gained global attention due to its potential for climate change mitigation and soil quality improvement. Yet, the consequences of biochar additions for soil microbes-the major biotic drivers of soil function-remain unknown across global environmental gradients. We aimed to explore the responses of soil bacterial communities to biochar addition, and further investigate how biochar and soil properties impact these responses. We conducted a global meta-analysis and found that, in general, biochar has a limited impact on the proportion of major bacterial phyla, with only Acidobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes being largely impacted: the relative abundance of Acidobacteria decreased by 14.6%, while that of Gemmatimonadetes increased by 19.8%. Also, the experimental type played a role in shaping the response of microbial community to biochar application. In addition, biochar significantly promoted the diversity of soil bacteria, i.e., genetic richness and diversity. These changes were significantly associated with biochar load, C/N ratio, pyrolysis temperature, biochar pH, as well as soil C/N ratio and pH. We further found that the impacts of biochar on functional diversity, i.e., C substrate richness consumed by soil microbes increased with the biochar load, which might relate to increased genetic richness. Our work suggests that selecting key biochar properties can improve soil quality, microbial function, and climate change mitigation while maintaining the positive impacts of biochar on soil microbial diversity. Further research is needed to link the response of soil microbial composition at the genus level to biochar addition, with microbial functions.

Published
2023

15. Global data on earthworm abundance, biomass, diversity and corresponding environmental properties

Author

Phillips, Helen R. P., Bach, Elizabeth M., Bartz, Marie L. C., Bennett, Joanne M., Beugnon, Rémy, Briones, Maria J. I., Brown, George G., Ferlian, Olga, Gongalsky, Konstantin B., Guerra, Carlos A., König-Ries, Birgitta, Krebs, Julia J., Orgiazzi, Alberto, Ramirez, Kelly S., Russell, David J., Schwarz, Benjamin, Wall, Diana H., Brose, Ulrich, Decaëns, Thibaud, Lavelle, Patrick, Loreau, Michel, Mathieu, Jérôme, Mulder, Christian, van der Putten, Wim H., Rillig, Matthias C., Thakur, Madhav P., de Vries, Franciska T., Wardle, David A., Ammer, Christian, Ammer, Sabine, Arai, Miwa, Ayuke, Fredrick O., Baker, Geoff H., Baretta, Dilmar, Barkusky, Dietmar, Beauséjour, Robin, Bedano, Jose C., Birkhofer, Klaus, Blanchart, Eric, Blossey, Bernd, Bolger, Thomas, Bradley, Robert L., Brossard, Michel, Burtis, James C., Capowiez, Yvan, Cavagnaro, Timothy R., Choi, Amy, Clause, Julia, Cluzeau, Daniel, Coors, Anja, Crotty, Felicity V., Crumsey, Jasmine M., Dávalos, Andrea, Cosín, Darío J. Díaz, Dobson, Annise M., Domínguez, Anahí, Duhour, Andrés Esteban, van Eekeren, Nick, Emmerling, Christoph, Falco, Liliana B., Fernández, Rosa, Fonte, Steven J., Fragoso, Carlos, Franco, André L. C., Fusilero, Abegail, Geraskina, Anna P., Gholami, Shaieste, González, Grizelle, Gundale, Michael J., López, Mónica Gutiérrez, Hackenberger, Branimir K., Hackenberger, Davorka K., Hernández, Luis M., Hirth, Jeff R., Hishi, Takuo, Holdsworth, Andrew R., Holmstrup, Martin, Hopfensperger, Kristine N., Lwanga, Esperanza Huerta, Huhta, Veikko, Hurisso, Tunsisa T., Iannone, III, Basil V., Iordache, Madalina, Irmler, Ulrich, Ivask, Mari, Jesús, Juan B., Johnson-Maynard, Jodi L., Joschko, Monika, Kaneko, Nobuhiro, Kanianska, Radoslava, Keith, Aidan M., Kernecker, Maria L., Koné, Armand W., Kooch, Yahya, Kukkonen, Sanna T., Lalthanzara, H., Lammel, Daniel R., Lebedev, Iurii M., Le Cadre, Edith, Lincoln, Noa K., López-Hernández, Danilo, Loss, Scott R., Marichal, Raphael, Matula, Radim, Minamiya, Yukio, Moos, Jan Hendrik, Moreno, Gerardo, Morón-Ríos, Alejandro, Motohiro, Hasegawa, Muys, Bart, Neirynck, Johan, Norgrove, Lindsey, Novo, Marta, Nuutinen, Visa, Nuzzo, Victoria, Mujeeb Rahman, P., Pansu, Johan, Paudel, Shishir, Pérès, Guénola, Pérez-Camacho, Lorenzo, Ponge, Jean-François, Prietzel, Jörg, Rapoport, Irina B., Rashid, Muhammad Imtiaz, Rebollo, Salvador, Rodríguez, Miguel Á., Roth, Alexander M., Rousseau, Guillaume X., Rozen, Anna, Sayad, Ehsan, van Schaik, Loes, Scharenbroch, Bryant, Schirrmann, Michael, Schmidt, Olaf, Schröder, Boris, Seeber, Julia, Shashkov, Maxim P., Singh, Jaswinder, Smith, Sandy M., Steinwandter, Michael, Szlavecz, Katalin, Talavera, José Antonio, Trigo, Dolores, Tsukamoto, Jiro, Uribe-López, Sheila, de Valença, Anne W., Virto, Iñigo, Wackett, Adrian A., Warren, Matthew W., Webster, Emily R., Wehr, Nathaniel H., Whalen, Joann K., Wironen, Michael B., Wolters, Volkmar, Wu, Pengfei, Zenkova, Irina V., Zhang, Weixin, Cameron, Erin K., and Eisenhauer, Nico

Published
2021
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22. Warming influences carbon and nitrogen assimilation between a widespread Ericaceous shrub and root‐associated fungi.

Author

Hupperts, Stefan F., Islam, Kazi Samiul, Gundale, Michael J., Kardol, Paul, and Sundqvist, Maja K.

Subjects
GLOBAL warming, PLANT biomass, FUNGI, CARBON in soils, RADIOLABELING, NITROGEN in soils, NITROGEN, SHRUBS
Abstract

Summary: High‐latitude ecosystems are warming faster than other biomes and are often dominated by a ground layer of Ericaceous shrubs, which can respond positively to warming. The carbon‐for‐nitrogen (C‐for‐N) exchange between Ericaceous shrubs and root‐associated fungi may underlie shrub responses to warming, but has been understudied.In a glasshouse setting, we examined the effects of warming on the C‐for‐N exchange between the Ericaceous shrub Empetrum nigrum ssp. hermaphroditum and its root‐associated fungi. We applied different 13C and 15N isotope labels, including a simple organic N form (glycine) and a complex organic N form (moss litter) and quantified their assimilation into soil, plant biomass, and root fungal biomass pools.We found that warming lowered the amount of 13C partitioned to root‐associated fungi per unit of glycine 15N assimilated by E. nigrum, but only in the short term. By contrast, warming increased the amount of 13C partitioned to root‐associated fungi per unit of moss 15N assimilated by E. nigrum.Our study suggests that climate warming affects the short‐term exchange of C and N between a widespread Ericaceous shrub and root‐associated fungi. Furthermore, while most isotope tracing studies use labile N sources, we demonstrate that a ubiquitous recalcitrant N source may produce contrasting results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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23. Isotopic evidence for oligotrophication of terrestrial ecosystems

Author

Craine, Joseph M., Elmore, Andrew J., Wang, Lixin, Aranibar, Julieta, Bauters, Marijn, Boeckx, Pascal, Crowley, Brooke E., Dawes, Melissa A., Delzon, Sylvain, Fajardo, Alex, Fang, Yunting, Fujiyoshi, Lei, Gray, Alan, Guerrieri, Rossella, Gundale, Michael J., Hawke, David J., Hietz, Peter, Jonard, Mathieu, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kenzo, Tanaka, Makarov, Mikhail, Marañón-Jiménez, Sara, McGlynn, Terrence P., McNeil, Brenden E., Mosher, Stella G., Nelson, David M., Peri, Pablo L., Roggy, Jean Christophe, Sanders-DeMott, Rebecca, Song, Minghua, Szpak, Paul, Templer, Pamela H., Van der Colff, Dewidine, Werner, Christiane, Xu, Xingliang, Yang, Yang, Yu, Guirui, and Zmudczyńska-Skarbek, Katarzyna

Published
2018
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26. Fire severity as a key determinant of aboveground and belowground biological community recovery in managed even‐aged boreal forests

Author

Pérez‐Izquierdo, Leticia, primary, Bengtsson, Jan, additional, Clemmensen, Karina E., additional, Granath, Gustaf, additional, Gundale, Michael J., additional, Ibáñez, Theresa S., additional, Lindahl, Björn D., additional, Strengbom, Joachim, additional, Taylor, Astrid, additional, Viketoft, Maria, additional, Wardle, David A., additional, and Nilsson, Marie‐Charlotte, additional

Published
2023
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27. Fire severity as a key determinant of aboveground and belowground biological community recovery in managed even-aged boreal forests

Author

Perez-Izquierdo, Leticia, Bengtsson, Jan, Clemmensen, Karina E., Granath, Gustaf, Gundale, Michael J., Ibanez, Theresa S., Lindahl, Bjorn D., Strengbom, Joachim, Taylor, Astrid, Viketoft, Maria, Wardle, David A., Nilsson, Marie-Charlotte, Perez-Izquierdo, Leticia, Bengtsson, Jan, Clemmensen, Karina E., Granath, Gustaf, Gundale, Michael J., Ibanez, Theresa S., Lindahl, Bjorn D., Strengbom, Joachim, Taylor, Astrid, Viketoft, Maria, Wardle, David A., and Nilsson, Marie-Charlotte

Abstract

Changes in fire regime of boreal forests in response to climate warming are expected to impact postfire recovery. However, quantitative data on how managed forests sustain and recover from recent fire disturbance are limited.Two years after a large wildfire in managed even-aged boreal forests in Sweden, we investigated how recovery of aboveground and belowground communities, that is, understory vegetation and soil microbial and faunal communities, responded to variation in the severity of soil (i.e., consumption of soil organic matter) and canopy fires (i.e., tree mortality).While fire overall enhanced diversity of understory vegetation through colonization of fire adapted plant species, it reduced the abundance and diversity of soil biota. We observed contrasting effects of tree- and soil-related fire severity on survival and recovery of understory vegetation and soil biological communities. Severe fires that killed overstory Pinus sylvestris promoted a successional stage dominated by the mosses Ceratodon purpureus and Polytrichum juniperinum, but reduced regeneration of tree seedlings and disfavored the ericaceous dwarf-shrub Vaccinium vitis-idaea and the grass Deschampsia flexuosa. Moreover, high tree mortality from fire reduced fungal biomass and changed fungal community composition, in particular that of ectomycorrhizal fungi, and reduced the fungivorous soil Oribatida. In contrast, soil-related fire severity had little impact on vegetation composition, fungal communities, and soil animals. Bacterial communities responded to both tree- and soil-related fire severity.Synthesis: Our results 2 years postfire suggest that a change in fire regime from a historically low-severity ground fire regime, with fires that mainly burns into the soil organic layer, to a stand-replacing fire regime with a high degree of tree mortality, as may be expected with climate change, is likely to impact the short-term recovery of stand structure and above- and belowground species compo

Published
2023
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43. Influence of species identity and charring conditions on fire-derived charcoal traits

Author

Pluchon, Nathalie, Casetou, Sophie C., Kardol, Paul, Gundale, Michael J., Nilsson, Marie-Charlotte, and Wardle, David A.

Subjects
Charcoal -- Properties -- Environmental aspects, Forest fires -- Environmental aspects -- Canada, Species -- Environmental aspects, Taigas -- Environmental aspects, Earth sciences
Abstract

Fire is a major disturbance worldwide, and it produces significant amounts of wood-derived charcoal. There is increasing evidence that the key properties ('traits') of charcoal vary greatly, with consequences for ecosystem processes, but how the key factors drive variability of charcoal traits, i.e., species identity and charring conditions, remain poorly understood. Here, we experimentally produced charcoal from three common boreal tree species under six charring conditions representing those encountered during boreal fires and then analyzed their structural and chemical traits. Overall, we found that species identity affected charcoal traits more than did charring conditions. Among the structural traits, density and microporosity varied among tree species, and density decreased with increasing temperature. Among the chemical traits, electrical conductivity, total nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contents, and phosphate concentration differed among species, whereas pH, total N content, and ammonium concentration responded to charring conditions. No traits except nitrate concentration responded to the interactive effect of species identity and charring condition. Our results reveal that traits of charcoal, and potentially its ecological functions, are driven by a combination of fire behavior and tree species identity; such information is relevant for understanding ecological consequences of altered fire regimes due to the changing climate and to forest management. Key words: boreal forest, black carbon, charcoal trait, fire, pyrogenic carbon, pyrolysis. Le feu est une perturbation majeure partout dans le monde et il produit d'importantes quantites de charbon de bois. Il est de plus en plus evident que les proprietes cles (trait) du charbon de bois varient enormement, ce qui a des consequences pour les processus ecosystemiques. Mais on comprend mal comment agissent les principaux facteurs qui determinent la variabilite des trait du charbon de bois, c.-a-d. l'espece d'arbre et les conditions de carbonisation. Dans le cadre de cette etude, nous avons produit du charbon de bois de facon experimentale en utilisant trois especes d'arbre communes en zone boreale et des conditions de carbonisation representatives de six situations rencontrees durant les feux en zone boreale. Nous avons ensuite analyse les trait structurelles et chimiques de ce charbon de bois. Globalement, nous avons trouve que l'espece avait plus d'effet sur les trait du charbon de bois que les conditions de carbonisation. Parmi les trait structurelles, la densite et la microporosite variaient selon l'espece d'arbre et la densite diminuait avec l'augmentation de la temperature. Parmi les trait chimiques, la conductivite electrique, la teneur en N total et P total ainsi que la concentration de phosphate variaient selon l'espece d'arbre tandis que le pH, la teneur en N total et la concentration d'ammonium dependaient des conditions de carbonisation. Aucune trait, a l'exception de la concentration de nitrate, ne reagissait a l'effet de l'interaction entre l'espece et les conditions de carbonisation. Nos resultats revelent que les trait du charbon de bois, et potentiellement ses fonctions ecologiques, sont determinees par une combinaison du comportement du feu et de l'espece d'arbre. Cette information est pertinente pour comprendre les consequences ecologiques de l'alteration des regimes de feu due au changement climatique et a l'amenagement forestier. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles: foret boreale, carbone noir, trait du charbon de bois, feu, carbone pyrogene, pyrolyse., Introduction Fire is a major natural disturbance that operates as an ecological driver in many ecosystems worldwide, including boreal forests (Bond-Lamberty et al. 2007). In much of the Fennoscandian boreal [...]

Published
2015
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