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Urbanization is caused by a drastic increase in population in an area, thus spurring high demand for space or land, leading to land conversion. The phenomenon of land conversion in rural areas is a reciprocal relationship between urban and rural areas influencing the spread of urbanization to rural areas. Mulyoagung Village, one of the villages in Malang, experiencing significant agricultural land conversion. This research aims to identify the classification of area based on the land conversion. Discussion also made on the beliefs and the demographics that played a role in influencing decisions regarding land conversion. The result revealed that Mulyoagung Village is a secondary rural peri-urban classification located between Malang City and Batu City, experienced a conversion of 24.01% of non-built-up land to built-up land within a period of 20 years (2002-2022). The conversion led to a change from initially rural fringe to urban-rural fringe. This results also supported by SEM-PLS analysis which showed that community demographics are the central construct influencing the decision of farming communities to convert their agricultural land.

Degradation of coral reefs due to changes in environmental conditions causes corals to experience a decline in the number of organisms. Sponges, one of the components that make up the coral reef ecosystem, are said to be the most adaptable. Thus, the role of predatory sponge fish as distribution controllers is essential to assess. This research aims to determine the relationship between hard coral cover and sponge cover, the relationship between environmental parameters and sponge cover, and the preferences of predatory sponge fish. This research was conducted in July 2018 on Hoga Island, Wakatobi, by taking two stations with different conditions. At each station, benthic cover data was collected using the LIT (Line Intercept Transect) method, and environmental parameter data was collected using CTD (Conductivity Temperature Depth) and sediment traps. Predatory fish abundance data was collected using the belt transect and UVC (underwater visual census) methods, and the preferences of predatory fish were observed with visual observations for 5 minutes. The research results found that hard coral cover and sponge cover had an inverse relationship due to habitat competition. Environmental parameters that significantly affected sponge cover were turbidity and sedimentation rate and high preference values for sponges by predatory sponge fish.

Hendra Gunawan, Zulfan Zulfan Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Hendra Gunawan, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran - Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Jl. Pasteur 38, Bandung, West Java, 40161, Indonesia, Tel +6281221111215, Email h.gunawan2016@unpad.ac.idAbstract: Wells’ syndrome is a rare inflammatory skin disease characterized by pruritic erythematous lesions and cutaneous edema, often accompanied by eosinophilia. Parasitic infestations, such as toxocariasis and strongyloidiasis, can serve as triggers. However, Wells’ syndrome associated with toxocariasis and strongyloidiasis has not been reported previously in Indonesia. Herein, we present a case of a 27-year-old male with a chief complaint of recurrent, pruritic, and painful erythematous rash on the right lower leg for 6 months, accompanied by fever and diarrhea. Physical examination showed cutaneous edema with erythematous macules and bullae on the affected leg. Peripheral blood eosinophilia was noted, and the histopathological analysis demonstrated flame figures, confirming the diagnosis of Wells’ syndrome. A stool culture identified Strongyloides stercoralis, confirming strongyloidiasis, and serological testing was positive for toxocariasis immunoglobulin G antibodies. The patient was treated with albendazole 400 mg twice daily for 3 weeks resulted in clinical improvement observed by the 14th day. The diverse clinical features of Wells’ syndrome present a challenge to clinicians in making an accurate diagnosis, which typically hinges on histopathological assessment and identifying flame figures. Therefore, clinicopathological correlation is important to establish an accurate diagnosis.Keywords: strongyloidiasis, toxocariasis, Wells’ syndrome

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami perjuangan organisasi-organisasi petani anggota La Via Campesina di Ekudor sehingga berhasil mengintegrasikan agenda kedaulatan pangan ke dalam Konstitusi Ekuador 2008. Kerangka teoritis yang digunakan adalah gerakan sosial dengan berfokus pada elemen struktur mobilisasi untuk memahami kemunculan dan perkembangan sebuah gerakan sosial dalam memperjuangkan agenda-agenda politiknya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus. Sementara teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah studi dokumentasi dengan teknik analisis data sekunder. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa keberhasilan tersebut ditopang oleh sejumlah faktor, yakni (a) peran LVC dalam mendesiminasi gagasan kedaulatan pangan di tingkat global, yang pada gilirannya menjadi point of reference bagi perjuangan organisasi anggota di tingkat nasional, (b) kapasitas organisasi dalam memobilisasi sumberdaya jaringan, dan (c) mobilisasi dan partisipasi langsung dalam proses legal drafting konstitusi dengan memanfaatkan terbukanya kesempatan politik di bawah pemerintahan Rafael Correa.

Astri Budikayanti,1 Manfaluthy Hakim,1 Faradillah Mutiani,1 Sri Handayani,2 Nushrotul Lailiyya,3 Herlyani Khosama,4 Seilly Yunita Jehosua,4 Vivien Puspitasari,5 Pricilla Yani Gunawan,5 Yetty Hambarsari,6 Wardah Rahmatul Islamiyah,7 Abdul Gofir,8 Amelia Nur Vidyanti,8 Asnelia Devicaesaria,9 Rizka Ibonita,9 Herlina Suryawati,10 Rimawati Tedjasukmana11 1Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia – Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia; 2Department of Neurology Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sriwijaya – Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia; 3Department of Neurology Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjajaran – Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia; 4Department of Neurology Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sam Ratulangi – Prof. dr. RD Kandou Hospital, Manado, Indonesia; 5Department of Neurology Faculty of Medicine Universitas Pelita Harapan – Siloam Kelapa Dua Hospital, Tangerang, Indonesia; 6Department of Neurology Faculty of Medicine Universitas Sebelas Maret – Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Indonesia; 7Department of Neurology Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga – Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia; 8Department of Neurology Faculty of Medicine Universitas Gajah Mada – Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; 9Department of Neurology, National Brain Center Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia; 10Department of Neurology Faculty of Medicine Universitas Diponegoro – Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia; 11Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Krida Wacana, Jakarta, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Astri Budikayanti, Email astri.budikayanti@ui.ac.idBackground: Sleep disturbances are included in the six most commonly cited complaints in post-COVID-19 conditions. In order to find the optimal management approach and enhance Quality of Life (QoL), we intend to explore sleep disturbances that occur in post-COVID-19 conditions.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted with interviews and questionnaires using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) for assessing sleep quality, Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) for assessing insomnia, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) for assessing Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS), STOP-BANG questionnaire for assessing Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), and Short Form 36 (SF-36) for assessing QoL. We recruited respondents from several cities in Indonesia and performed an analysis to find the relationship between sleep disturbance and its association with QoL.Results: This study involved 757 respondents. They were predominantly female, with a median age of 39 years, no comorbidities, and had exhibited mild COVID-19 severity. Subjects with post-COVID-19 conditions experienced insomnia, poor sleep quality, normal sleepiness, and low risk of OSA. Sleep quality caused role limitations due to decreased physical and mental health. Insomnia caused role limitations due to emotional and social functioning problems. Meanwhile, OSA only affected physical functioning.Conclusion: Numerous aspects of patients’ QoL are affected by sleep disturbance in post-COVID-19 conditions. A comprehensive approach and coordinated care pathways must be effectively managed to improve QoL among individuals experiencing sleep disturbance.Keywords: COVID-19, long COVID, post-COVID-19 conditions, sleep, sleep quality, insomnia

This study aimed to evaluate the potential of macroalgae Chaetomorpha vieillardii as an in vitro candidate for bio-anthelmintic. Adult Worm Motility Test (AWMT) was conducted at concentration levels of 2 mg/mL, 4 mg/mL, and 6 mg/mL of C. vieillardii ethanol extract on 150 female H. contortus worms, randomly divided into 6 treatments with 5 replications, using a two way completely randomized factorial design. 0.9% sodium chloride was used as a negative control, and albendazole at 0.5 and 2 mg/mL served as positive controls. Worm motility observations were performed at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, and subsequent time intervals until 100% of the worms were deceased. The identical treatment was applied to the egg hatching inhibiting test (EHIT) using a completely randomized design in a one-way pattern by observing the number of eggs at 0 and 24 hours. The results showed that the concentration level of C. vieillardii ethanol extract and the observation time significantly influenced (P

The increasing demand for wedang uwuh during the pandemic requires Weeka Wedang Uwuh as a producer to be quick and responsive in meeting demand. Competition for sales of wedang uwuh is currently quite tight because there are more and more wedang uwuh producers. One way to anticipate current business competition, especially in the herbal beverage industry, is to try to manage the resources owned by SMEs, including labor. The right number of workers will guarantee product availability and also provide minimum costs for labor costs. This research aims to provide suggestions for determining the optimal number of workers in order to minimize labor costs. ToC is a problem solving approach that focuses on eliminating constraints using available methodologies. Therefore, this approach is very suitable for eliminating obstacles at Weeka Wedang Uwuh in order to determine the optimal number of workers. To support the TOC approach, the Dynamic Program method will be applied to the obstacle removal step. The optimal number of workers in UKM Weeka Wedang Uwuh will be obtained by reducing 5 (five) workers in the Wedang Uwuh packing section. The savings that occurred during the research time period were Rp. 21,500,302.00 compared to expenses if it had the current number of workers.

Pengolahan ikan asap merupakan suatu usaha yang mempunyai fungsi strategis yaitu sebagai teknologi pengawetan hasil tangkapan.Permasalahan yang saat ini dialami oleh para pelaku usaha ikan asap adalah pemasaran yang sangat terbatas sehingga margin yang diperoleh pun minim. Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah memetakan kondisi yang dialami pelaku usaha kecil menengah setempat terkait upaya pemanfaatan layanan digital yang berpotensi untuk meningkatkan pemasaran produk yg dihasilkan. Metode pelaksanaan meliputi(i)Melakukan survei awal untuk menggali maslahdan potensi ekonomi. (ii)Pelatihan Pemasaran Digital (iii) Pemantauan penggunaan pemasaran digital. Menurunnya usaha ikan asap mendorong warga desa melakukan diversifikasi usaha, seperti pertanian, kuliner, dan jasa. Hasil yang dilakukan melalui kegiatan ini teridentifikasinya masalah berupa keterbatasan akses penggunaan perangkat informasi baik faktor internal dan eksternal. Keterbatasan internal diatasi dengan pengenalan pemasaran digital, dimana para pelaku usaha merasa mendapatkan pencerahan dan pengetahuan yang diperlukan.Sementara faktor eksternalnya berupa aksesteknologi informasi yang terbatas dan cenderung kurang baik di beberapa wilayah Kecamatan Rowosari. Penguatan pelaku usaha dapat dilakukan dengan bersinergi dengan kebijakan pemerintah, peran perguruan tinggi dan dukungan pemangku kepentingan lainnya.

Falcataria moluccana is a widespread species that grows rapidly in Indonesia and produces timber used for carpentry. Nonetheless, this species is especially susceptible to gall rust disease. To find plants that can handle rust, a mix of breeding with progeny experiments and forest management methods, like arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), were used. The point of this study is to find out if adding AM changes how F. moluccana seedlings grow and how they react to gall rust disease, both those that have been improved and those that have not. We will also look at the response by calculating the area under disease progress curves (AUDPC) value for rust disease to grow in F. moluccana seedlings. The experimental design comprised four different treatments, including varying quantities of mycorrhizae, as well as four different seed sources. For the mycorrhizal inoculation experiments, there was a control group and three treatment groups. The treatment groups got 5, 10, and 15 g of mycorrhiza per polybag, respectively. The seeds used in this study were sourced from two unimproved families, namely Java and Solomon, as well as two genetically improved families, F63 and F77. This study revealed that mycorrhizal application affects the growth of F. moluccana seedlings and significantly reduces both disease incidence and severity. The application of mycorrhiza reduces the disease incidence and severity; the AUPDC value of seedlings with mycorrhiza added is four times lower than that of seedlings without mycorrhiza. The disease severity was highest for the unimproved Solomon seedlings, despite the fact that the source of seeds had little impact on the disease incidence. Meanwhile, the genetically improved seedlings demonstrated lower disease incidence and severity rates than seedlings without improvement, with an AUPDC value nearly half that of the unimproved seedling. In terms of diameter and height, F. mollucana seedlings derived from various seed sources were remarkably diverse, and seedlings with improvements grew much better than seedlings without improvements. This study shows how arbuscular mycorrhiza affects how well improved and unimproved F. moluccana seedlings deal with gall rust disease.

Introduction: A health issue is filariasis including in Sigi Regency, brought on by filarial worms and spread by mosquito bites. Filariasis is a parasitic infection that threatens about one-third or 1.3 billion of the world’s population in 83 countries that are vulnerable to filariasis. This research intends to examine the impact of behaviour and environment on the occurrence of filariasis in the Sigi Regency. Methods: The study used an observational analytic method with a case control approach, involving 114 people from 13 villages in Sigi Regency, of whom 38 were cases and 76 were controls. The control group is people who live in the same environment as the case group. The data collection methods were a survey and an environmental assessment. Results and Discussions: The logistic regression analysis revealed that the most influential factors for the occurrence of filariasis in endemic regions in Sigi Regency were mosquito breeding sites with Odds Rasio (OR) value =8.57 (2.43-34.33), p-value =

Since the higher education quality gap between Western Indonesia and Eastern Indonesia is entirely high, especially in Papua and West Papua (known as the LLDIKTI 14 region), evaluating lecturer performance in that region is necessary. This study aims to explain and analyze the impact of transformational leadership, organizational culture, and good university governance on lecturer motivation and performance at Victory Sorong University and Nani Bili Nusantara University. This research is a quantitative explanatory study, with the population of all lecturers at both universities, utilizing a probability sampling technique with a saturated sample of 115 lecturers. The results indicate that organizational culture and good university governance positively and significantly affect work motivation, while transformational leadership has a positive but insignificant effect. Organizational culture and work motivation also positively and significantly affect lecturer performance, while transformational leadership and good university governance have a positive but insignificant effect.

The development of a suggested model for rating suppliers is the goal of this research. In this study, suppliers are rated and ranked using Additive Ratio Assessment (ARAS) and Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA). The suggested approach incorporates both objective and subjective criteria while applying Delphi to a subset of the criteria. In order to test the proposed model in a leather company for actual use, a case study is provided. The model is able to capture all objective and arbitrary criteria in the dynamics of the group of decision-makers when rating suppliers. To help in decision-making, this proposed model includes criteria selection. Because the results of the ranking of suppliers will depend on how accurately the criteria are chosen. The suggested approach produces a workable resolution because it is not sensitive to changes in the parameters

Wear on a metal can be naturally found in components that operate in a friction environment, such as in a transmission system. However, it can be a substantial problem when the wear rate is not within the permitted limit. Surface hardening is a popular way to improve surface wear resistance for metals with various parameters that can be controlled during the process. In this study, pack carburizing was conducted for plain carbon steel JIS S45C. The carburizing process is conducted on the steel by varying the carbon size and temperature during the heating process. The carbon size consisted of mesh sizes of 5 and 15. The heating process was conducted for 2 hours at 800oC and 900oC. The carbon media and catalyst used in this study were coconut charcoal and calcium carbonate (CaCO3). In addition, the hardness Vickers test was conducted to evaluate the surface hardness. It was found that the hardness of Vickers increased with an increase in heating temperature and mesh size of carbon.

The livestock sub-sector, an integral part of the agricultural sector, is the animal protein producing sub-sector which plays an important role in meeting people's nutritional needs. The development of the laying hen farming business has enormous potential, this is because purebred chicken eggs contribute quite a lot to animal protein self-sufficiency. The research aims to analyze the input factors of the production that affect the production of layer farming businesses and to assess the production elasticity of these businesses during the COVID-19 pandemic in Blitar District. Data collection took place between July and August 2020 in the Blitar Distrcit. Utilizing a sample random sampling method. The study involved 64 farmers as representative. The research variables used in this study were the population of laying hens, the price of chicken eggs, feed costs, vaccines and medicines expenses, seed prices, mortality, electricity costs, the price of culled chickens, Hen Day Production (HDP) and the number of workers. Quantitative analysis was employed to analyze production costs, revenues, and income, while qualitative analysis was used to analyze production elasticity through Cobb-Douglas regression analysis. The research data were processed using SPSS version 24. The results of the study indicate that 1) the population of laying hens and HDP significantly affected the production of layer farming businesses, along with the cost of vaccines and medications in the Blitar District. 2) The population of layers, mortality rates, electricity costs, HDP, and total labor demonstrated elasticity with respect to the production of layer farms. Conversely, egg prices, feed costs, vaccination and medication expenses, day-old chick (DOC) costs, and final chicken prices exhibited inelasticity concerning the production of layer farms in Blitar district.

Background: Having a registration certificate (STR) a nurse must take a competency test as a condition for ownership of the STR. For nursing students, competency tests are a big challenge and complex, so special preparation and attention are needed for students and universities. The implementation of the competency test can create feelings of concern, fear, tension, and anxiety for fear of not passing the competency test. The problem about low graduation rate for ners competency test is influenced by several factors. One of internal factor consist of anxiety and fear facing ners competency test. Purpose: This study identified the perception and experience anxienty dan readiness of few nursing students facing competency test. Method: The study design is qualitative and study was conducted using semi-structured interview. Recruitment of partisipants for the interview was based on purposive sampling methods. Interview were conducted with a maximum 14 participants with saturation data. Analiysis in this study with content analysis. Results: This study explored the perception and experience anxienty dan readiness of few nursing students facing competency test. The current study identified four themes : deep feeling of fear, extreme anxiety, unpreparedness within, surrender and pray. Conclusion: The feelings of anxiety, fear and worry felt by students whether they are taking an exam for the first time or those who are repeating it. In fact, this feeling has quite an impact on the psychological condition, which is also compounded by the student's unpreparedness facing ners competency test.

This study discusses the experimental results of the ballistic impact on thick-layered carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP), glass-based FRP (GFRP), and Kevlar-based FRP (KFRP) composite plates. Ten 10 mm plates of each type were manufactured via the hand lay-up and vacuum bagging techniques to produce plates with a thickness of 2 mm each, which were bonded together using epoxy adhesive and hot pressed at 75°C to obtain thick layered plates with a total thickness of 20 mm each. The specimen plates were tested according to the NIJ 0108.01 standard in a special firing room using a 9 mm G2 Elite handgun with a full metal jacketed round nose 9 mm × 19 mm Mu1-TJ bullets moving at a velocity of approximately 358 m/s. The results indicated that no total penetration occurred on any of the plates. The bullets were destroyed by impact, and the penetration depths of the CFRP, GFRP, and KFRP plates were 11.10, 9.95, and 22.22%, respectively. The layered structures in these plates appear to have changed the penetration behaviour compared with previous studies. In this study, delamination was the primary failure mode.

Kemampuan literasi digital yang baik sangat dibutuhkan pada era digital ini. Salah satu unsur dari literasi digital adalah digital culture. Digital culture perlu ditanamkan sejak dini sehingga pengaruh negatif transformasi digital dapat dicegah. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan literasi digital khususnya pada digital culture pada siswa SMP PGRI 1 Ciputat. Kegiatan melibatkan 40 perwakilan siswa yang merupakan anggota Organisasi Siswa Intra Sekolah (OSIS). Kegiatan berbentuk pelatihan yang menjabarkan teori dan aplikasi praktis yang mencakup materi tentang literasi digital, etika berkomunikasi di media sosial, serta kemanan data. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkkan peningkatan pemahaman siswa terhadap konsep digital culture. Melalui kegiatan ini, siswa diharapkan mampu menjadi pengguna teknologi yang lebih sadar dan bertanggung jawab, serta dapat berpartisipasi secara positif dalam masyarakat digital.

This research has an urgency to form independent social entrepreneurs so as to produce graduates who are qualified, competitive and able to create innovations. The international relevance research show the succes entrepreneurs’s students in future depending on entrepreneuship learning method. The purpose of this research to develop learning tools for the Eco-green project through social entrepreneurial activities based on local wisdom values. The article descibes a new concept based on Theory of Planned Behavior enabling to serve as social entrepreneurship learning material for students which leads to the creation of superior graduates in the future. Participatory action research activities are expected to become a basis for model testing and needs analysis in developing a complete eco-green project learning model for social entrepreneurs. The research activity is in collaboration with the partners of the Abdurrahman Bin-Auf Klaten Islamic Boarding School the Klaten Regency, Environmental Service and leading waste bank business activists in Klaten Regency. The values ​​of local wisdom are included in the model test in the form of caring for the environment, religiosity, community, diversity and acceptance. The final results of the first phase of the research showed positive changes in the participants. Our method allows to improve that participatory action research activities are effective where the t-test before and after the activity is significantly different. The new method for efectiveness evaluation is confirmed by the calculation of the experiment research. Our method allows to improve students as drivers of the eco-green spirit are capable of being the initiators and motivators of the waste-bank business in their respective domiciles. New research improve the social entreperenurship learning method and can be used for entrepreneurship learning method for student in future

Purpose: This research aims to explore the capital for building critical reasoning character in post-Gen Z generation students through learning Pancasila subjects in elementary schools. The main focus is to understand how Pancasila values can be integrated and understood in the context of the lives of today's students who tend to be influenced by technology and social media. Design/methodology/approach: The research methods used include literature studies and analysis of the development of the characteristics of the post-Gen Z generation, as well as effective learning strategies in increasing their understanding of moral, ethical and democratic values. Findings: It is hoped that the results of this research can contribute to designing a relevant and effective curriculum to shape students' critical reasoning character in this digital era. Paper type: Research paper.

Purpose: This research aims to evaluate the implementation of the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project (P5) with a focus on the Gotong Royong dimension in class 4 of MI Al-Mujahidin Joglo. This project is designed to strengthen the values of mutual cooperation among students and improve their social skills through project-based activities integrated with the curriculum. Design/methodology/approach: This research method uses a mixed approach, combining direct observation, interviews, surveys and document analysis. Data was collected from students, teachers, and parents to gain insight into project implementation, challenges faced, and impact on students' character development. Findings: The research results showed that the project implementation was successful in increasing students' understanding of the value of mutual cooperation and cooperation skills. However, there are several challenges, such as limited resources, difficulties in collaboration between students, and a lack of consistent support from parents. This research underlines the importance of integrating Pancasila values in learning and the need for support from various parties to optimize project implementation. Recommendations for improvement include increasing training for teachers, providing adequate resources, and involving parents more actively in project activities. It is hoped that these findings can contribute to the development of curriculum and educational practices that focus on strengthening student character in elementary schools. Paper type: Research paper

Purpose: This research aims to analyze the strengthening of the character of mutual cooperation in Pancasila education learning in class V of SDN Pondok Betung 04. Strengthening the character of mutual cooperation is an important aspect of character education which is expected to shape students into individuals who have social awareness and the ability to work together in life. daily. Design/methodology/approach: The research method used is a case study with a qualitative approach, involving classroom observations, in-depth interviews with teachers and students, as well as analysis of documentation related to learning implementation plans (RPP) and teaching materials. Findings: The results of the research show that the initial condition of the mutual cooperation character of class V students at SDN Pondok Betung 04 still needs to be improved. Several effective methods and strategies in learning Pancasila Education to strengthen the character of mutual cooperation include project-based learning, group discussions and collaborative activities. The effectiveness of these methods and strategies can be seen from increasing students' ability to work together, help each other, and participate actively in class activities. However, this research also found several inhibiting factors, such as limited time, lack of parental involvement, and lack of supporting resources. The role of teachers and the school environment is very important in supporting the strengthening of the character of mutual cooperation, especially through modeling behavior and providing motivation to students. Positive responses from students and parents show that this program was well received and had a positive impact on student character development. Based on these findings, this research recommends increasing training for teachers on character learning methods, increasing parental involvement, and providing adequate resources to support character strengthening programs. In this way, it is hoped that strengthening the character of mutual cooperation can be more effective and sustainable in learning Pancasila Education at SDN Pondok Betung 04. Paper type: Research paper

This research aims to analyze the relationship between information system quality and user satisfaction, the relationship between perceived usefulness and user satisfaction and the relationship between user satisfaction and sustainable e-learning. The research method used in this research is associative research. The population in this study were all students who had undergone lectures using e-learning. In this study, the analytical model was used, namely Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and the number of respondents was 456 high school students in Indonesia, who have undergone lectures using e-learning. The sampling technique used in this research is nonprobability sampling. The data collection method used was the questionnaire method and the instrument used to measure this research variable was a 5-point Likert scale. Data processing in this research uses SmartPLS software. The data analysis stage in this research is the outer model test including convergent validity, discriminant validity and composite reliability and inner model analysis, namely hypothesis testing. The results of the study indicate the quality of the information system has a positive effect on user satisfaction, Perceived Usefulness has a positive effect on user satisfaction and user satisfaction has a positive effect on sustainable e-learning. The implication is that every element at every level in formal educational institutions must pay serious attention to personal factors, including attention to student achievement expectations, relative excellence expected by students, student suitability with the e-learning system chosen in an institution's formal education, and the attitude of students who are willing to accept and continuously use e-learning. In this way, students will be consistent in using e-learning so that student achievement, which is the main goal of every school, can be achieved. The limitation of this research is that it does not provide prior understanding to respondents regarding the scope of the meaning of sustainable e-learning.

Palm kernel shells (PKS) were washed with water and glacial acetic acid (CH3COOH) gradually to prepare them for co-firing with coal. They were then torrefied at 450ºC for one hour. Washing was done to reduce the concentration of ash and alkaline oxides, which would reduce the chance of slagging and fouling. The research was conducted considering that information about washing the PKS with acetic acid and then having them torrefied is very limited and unclear. The results showed that washed and torrefied PKS had better characteristics than those of raw PKS or PKS washed with water. PKS that is washed with acid, torrefied and then blended with coal has low slagging and medium fouling tendencies. However, based on ash fusion temperature, the inclination towards slagging and fouling is high under reducing conditions and medium under oxidation conditions.

Introducing campus locations for new students or address seekers is an important activity. Multimedialearning is not only a tool for creating harmonious presentations and alternatives that combine visualand audio media; technology can be used for its tools. Augmented Reality (AR) is one of them.Augmented Reality is helpful as a combination of virtual and Reality devices that operate interactivelyin a realtime natural environment. Based Marker Tracking is a method used to make objects into twodimensions and three dimensions whose process begins with directing the marking object by the userusing the camera on the mobile device until the camera reads the object. Light intensity affects detectionsuccess, and distance calculation also becomes essential. If the marker is successfully detected, theapplication will convert it into a 3-dimensional object as the final result. In this study, a location searchwill be carried out for the STMIK TEGAL Campus Building using Augmented Reality based on theBased Marker Tracking method to produce the most ideal conditions to be able to display 3D objectsfrom the STMIK TEGAL Building, which is a distance of 15 to 25 cm with bright Light using Android,so that this application can be used to find the location of the STMIK TEGAL Building.

Reinforced concrete beams reinforced with Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) have several failure patterns, one of which is Concrete Cover Delamination. To prevent this failure, in this study, FRP U-Wrap was installed which was calculated using Strut and Tie Modelling (STM). The specimens of reinforced concrete beams with a length of 3300 mm, a width of 300 mm, and variations in height of 500, 600, and 700 mm were loaded with the two-point load method. Data collection and analysis was carried out using Digital Image Correlation, LVDT, strain gauge, and data logger. The bending behaviour reviewed in this study is ductility, crack pattern, type of failure, flexural capacity, and stiffness. In this study, the addition of U-Wrap did not have a significant effect on flexural behaviour when compared to beams without U-Wrap FRP. All beams experienced a failure pattern of FRP Debonding, so that the Concrete Cover Delamination did not occur.

Yupin Aungsuroch,1 Joko Gunawan,1 I Gede Juanamasta,1,2 Jed Montayre3 1Faculty of Nursing, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; 2Nursing Program, STIKES Wira Medika Bali, Bali, Indonesia; 3School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yupin Aungsuroch, Email yupin.a@chula.ac.thBackground: Understanding the factors influencing work engagement among nurses is crucial for ensuring high-quality care and positive patient outcomes. Despite numerous factors associated with nurse work engagement, many were explored before the pandemic, potentially overlooking aspects relevant to the current context.Aim: To explore and update factors related to nurse work engagement in the new normal era.Design: Systematic review.Data Sources: The search was restricted to articles published from 2019 to 2024 in CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and ProQuest, with full English text. The search was conducted from September 13th to 15th, 2023. Quantitative research articles that examined factors related to work engagement were included.Review Methods: Data extraction, quality appraisal, and data analysis were performed in all included studies. Manual content analysis method was used to classify and group the factors.Results: Sixty-one research articles were included in the final review. Five key groups of factors were generated from content analysis, including 1) individual-related factors, 2) organizational-related factors, 3) job and role-related factors, 4) work-life balance, and 5) work environment.Conclusion: Understanding and addressing these multifaceted factors holistically is essential to develop strategies to sustain optimal engagement levels among nursing staff and improve overall patient care outcomes. Further studies are needed to confirm the findings.Keywords: work engagement, nurse, hospital, pandemic, new normal

Presently, e-commerce platforms incorporate image search functionalities. Nevertheless, these systems possess constraints; input images necessitate static and manual cropping since the system does not automatically generate bounding boxes. Addressing this concern requires the implementation of an object detection algorithm to ascertain the quantity, location, and type of desired objects within real-time bounding boxes before users finalize their selection. This capability empowers users to readily discern their desired items, thereby augmenting the precision and efficiency of visual searches. Despite the availability of swifter object detection algorithms such as R-CNN and Mask R-CNN, which prioritize accuracy over speed, rendering them less suited for real-time detection, we opted to employ the YOLOv4 algorithm as an alternative, renowned for its efficacy in real-time object detection. Furthermore, we adopted the Color, Texture, and Edge-Based Image Retrieval (CTEBIR) technique for image matching. The results of our experimentation demonstrate that the utilization of the YOLOv4 algorithm can enhance the accuracy and speed of visual searches by streamlining the search process based on the identified classes. Additionally, our precision assessment yielded a score of 95%, with individual scores for camera objects reaching 90%, keyboards achieving 85%, and laptops attaining 71%. These findings corroborate the dependability of the CTEBIR algorithm in image matching and contribute to a deeper comprehension of the system's efficacy in accurately detecting and distinguishing objects.

Moringa oleifera leaves contain antioxidant compounds that play a role in preventing lipid oxidation in beef. This study aimed to find out the best product and comprehend the chemical quality of the result of marinated bali beef with moringa oleifera leaves extract, moringa oleifera leaves tea, and moringa oleifera leaves powder. Ma- rinating in this study was conducted for 1 hour at cold temperatures. The research design used was a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replications. The four treatments were meat that was not marinated (P0), 0,4% of moringa leaves extract marinated meat (P1), 0,4% of moringa leaves tea marinated meat (P2), 0,4% of moringa leaves powder marinated meat (P3). The variables observed were moisture, ash, protein, fat and carbohy- drate. The results indicated that the marinated bali beef in moringa leaves extract, moringa leaves tea, and moringa leaves powder had a significant effect (P0,05) on moisture, ash, and carbohydrate contents. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that for marinating bali beef, the best used is moringa oleifera leaves powder filtrate of 0,4% which can increase the protein content and decrease the fat content of bali beef.

This study employs urban mapping techniques to explore the intricate relationship between the built environment and urban processes amidst rapid urbanization. The study area is located in Pontianak city, a city with integrating historical, geographical, and cultural perspectives in Borneo Island, Indonesia. This study unravels Pontianak’s urban morphology, aiming to decipher the correlations between accessibility, built form, and cultural identity. Utilizing quantitative methodologies and the Spacematrix method, this research unveils the evolving relationship between accessibility and building density. Analyzing centrality through Space Syntax, it investigates the city’s morphological development and cultural identity. The findings highlight Pontianak’s adaptability to transportation shifts, emphasizing the impact on its urban evolution. Economic activities strongly shape building density, influencing architectural landscapes across zones. Nuanced correlations between integration, building attributes, and gross floor area underscore historical, cultural, and economic influences. Infrastructure development, notably roads and bridges, significantly enhances connectivity and catalyzes urban growth. This research illuminates the intricate tapestry of Pontianak’s urban life, emphasizing its resilience and dynamic evolution amidst changing influences.

Abstract: The university needs to know what factors influence student behavior in determining distance learning. It is very necessary as a way to formulate an optimal marketing strategy. This study aimed to determine the influence of student behavior factors consisting of cultural, social, personal, and psychological factors in determining decisions to take distance learning at the Universitas Terbuka. This study's population was UT students registered in the 2023-1 semester, as many as 439,222 students. From this population, there were 10,119 students as respondents with quota sampling techniques from all branch offices throughout Indonesia and abroad. The data analysis technique used is Multiple Linear Analysis with the Enter Method and the SPSS 25.0 for Windows program. The results showed that the student's behavior strongly influenced their decisions in choosing a distance learning system. The main factors shaping student behavior in determining decisions to study remotely are social factors, such as social status and the role of students in society, as well as the personality factors of the students themselves, such as the personal decisions of students in understanding their needs for distance learning systems that are following the conditions they face. In addition to these two factors, cultural factors of residence and student psychology also shape student behavior in determining decisions to study remotely. By knowing these factors, it is hoped can continue to compete with other universities that also organize distance learning courses so that it is always expected to be the first choice of students to participate in the distance learning system. Keywords: Consumer Behavior, Purchasing Decisions, Distance Learning, Multiple Linear Analysis

This study aims to analyze the profile of scientific argumentation skills of preservice physics teachers in the context of written case studies and oral presentations through video-based microteaching learning. Data was collected from 15 preservice physics teachers participating in a microteaching course. Qualitative analysis of argumentation components (claim, reason, evidence, rebuttal, conclusion) revealed significant differences in argumentation skills between the two contexts. In written case studies, students demonstrated a relatively good ability to present evidence. However, they needed to improve in formulating claims and reasons. Meanwhile, in oral presentations, there was a significant increase in all components of argumentation, particularly claims, reasons, rebuttals, and conclusions. These findings have important implications for developing more effective microteaching learning to improve the scientific argumentation skills of preservice physics teachers.

Speaking is like the first assessment for each learner who is studying English and each learner has to speak. This statement means an obligation, duty, task, fact, implementation, process, and it can be learning, although we still find some students are speaking little or even passive in the classroom. One of the method that can raise the students motivate in learning speaking is Holistic method. This study aims to identify the students’ improvement in speaking ability using Holistic Method. This research following the principle working of Classroom Action Research (CAR) that contained of four stages (Planning, Implementation, Observation, and Reflection). a classroom action research was applied by implementing two cycles and each cycle was applied four meetings. To increase the speaking proficiency and fluency of the SMP Negeri 6 Watampone, VII-B class, a holistic approach was used. The research findings indicated a significant improvement of the students’ speaking ability after implementing two cycles. About the speaking accuracy, the students’ get 56.50% in the Diagnostic test, 64.10% in cycle I, and 75.30% in the cycle II. About the speaking fluency, the students get 57.00% in the Diagnostic test, 65.50% in the cycle I, and 75.80% in the cycle II. In the second cycle, the pupils' speaking accuracy improved by 35.32%. In the second cycle, there was a 33.03% improvement in the pupils' speaking fluency. Consequently, the investigator came to the conclusion that the pupils in VII-B class at SMP Negeri 6 Watampone's usage of a holistic approach had been successful in improving their speaking abilities.

AbstractSustainable tourism development can utilize the social capital of society to encourage development. The social networks, norms, and trusts the community has built reflect social capital, which will be important for supporting and responding to sustainable tourism. The village is located in Wonosari District, Malang Regency, which is famous for its tourism village potential, namely Bangelan Village. This tourist village uses the community’s potential and natural resources, plantations, and goat farms as tourist attractions. Thus providing good benefits for the village community. This study has the H1 hypothesis: norms, social networks, and trust have a significant influence on social capital, and the H2 hypothesis: the presence of social capital has a significant influence on sustainable tourism. The sample used for this study was the Bangelan Village community, with SEM-PLS (structural equation modeling) data analysis. The study results show that the H1 and H2 hypotheses have significant and positive values. The findings show that social networks, norms, and trusts can form the social capital of the community and play an important role as a driver of sustainable tourism development in Bangelan Tourism Village.

The number of elderly is predicted to continue to increase globally, including in Indonesia. According to data from the Central Statistical Authority, there has been an increase of 7 per cent in the percentage of elderly persons over more than a decade (2010-2021) to 10.82 per cent. The elderly age group is a highly susceptible group to a decrease in oral function caused by aging factors. Decreased oral function has a wide range of negative effects on the physical and psychological life of the elderly. Disorders perceived as a result of this condition will affect the nutritional intake of the elderly and also lead to a decrease in self-confidence, thus having a major impact on the quality of life of older people. The purpose of this study is to analyze the occurrence of xerostomy due to decreased function of the oral cavity of the elderly in UNAND RSGM. The research uses cross-sectional design, using total sampling techniques. A total of 30 elderly patients at UNAND's RSGM are expected to contribute to the study. Measurement of the state of decreased oral function is carried out with clinical examination, and subjective, then conducted interviews with questionnaires that have been tested validity and rehabilitation, in order to find out the determinant factors of decrease of oral function of elderly patients in UNAND RSGM. This research is in line with the UNAND Research Master Plan and Roadmap on the sub-theme of health and the results of this research will be able to be used as consideration of path determination of patient care plan and as educational material on the development of improvement of quality of life and health of the elderly. The results of the study showed a rate of xerostomy of 31.4%, a condition of hyposalivation of 14.3%, and there was no influence on the occurrence of xerostomy and hyposalyvation on the sociodemographic characteristics of elderly patients in the RSGM of the University of Andalas (p>0,05). Keywords: aging, decreased function, oral cavity, xerostomia

This research is concerned with the synthesis and characterization of a composite material that may be used as a battery electrode. Bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) was synthesized from Bi(NO3)3·5H2O, Na2SO4, and NaOH mixed with commercial activated carbon and graphite. The composite formation process was carried out using the hydrothermal method at 110 °C for 5 h. The characterization data indicated the composites produced contained Bi2O3 with a monoclinic crystal system, and Bi2O3 particles were evenly distributed in the composite. The composites were characterized to be mesoporous, with the electrical conductivity reaching 10−1 S m−1. The development of this composite material has potential applications in the field of energy storage, particularly in the development of battery anode.

Peatlands have ecological importance, human activities and climate change have created various environmental challenges for peatlands. One of the problems with peatlands is the degression in the quality of peat water, which has a negative impact on ecology and human health as well as the welfare of local communities who depend on peat water as a source of clean water. The problem of peat water processing lies in the need for large capacity, ease of maintenance, and water quality that meets standard criteria. The aim of this research is to evaluate the combination of filtration, absorption, and double flow ultrafiltration techniques, and compare them with single flow ultrafiltration techniques for treating peat water in the South Kalimantan region of Indonesia by looking at the amount of production and quality of water treatment results. This research proposes dual flow ultrafiltration as a solution for treating peat water on a large scale up to 2 times and results in better water quality than single flow ultrafiltration treatment. This is indicated by the percentage difference in TDS reduction of 19.5%, color of 23.1%, nitrite of 37.8%, and manganese of 69%. However, the dual flow ultrafiltration method still has a higher turbidity of around 60.65% and nitrate of about 15%. However, these water treatment results are still standardized by the Indonesia Minister of Health PERMENKES No.492/MENKES/PER/IV/2010.

Hepi Circle products use reusable plastic packaging. Hepi Circle needs to know consumer behavior to develop an appropriate green marketing strategy. This study aims to map Hepi Circle consumers and design a holistic green marketing mix strategy to address this issue. This study used interviews and 102 purposive sampled data for descriptive, cluster, and crosstab analysis. Cluster analysis creates four clusters: Greenback Green, True-Blue Green, Grousers, and Sprout. Descriptive and crosstab analysis results describe each cluster’s characteristics. This study designs 8-Ps internal and 7-Ps external green marketing. Hepi Circle’s products should use fewer chemicals and be cheaper than those with single-use packaging. Besides online shopping, Hepi Circle can collaborate with small stores and local resellers. It should effectively maintain Instagram and upload consumer reviews to attract new consumers. It can also develop standard operating procedures and have the products certified. It can also cooperate with environmentally conscious groups to conduct green activities and collaborate with restaurants to wash dishes using Hepi Circle products. Hepi Circle supports government plastic waste reduction efforts by doing these activities. The findings of this study can provide a reference for how small and medium enterprises in developing countries design holistic and attractive green marketing strategies.

One of the factors that influence the development of mosquitoes is the water container. This study was performed to determine the relationship between the characteristics of water containers and the preferable conditions for laying eggs by Aedes sp. A single larva method was conducted during March 2019 in 300 houses in two villages (Turikale and Adatongeng) at Maros Regency, Indonesia. In total, 1,269 water containers were considered, and among them buckets were found to be the most common container. Logistic regression analysis showed that the type, container location, and weekly drainage were related to the presence of larvae/pupae in the Maros Regency (p-value < 0.05). Non-water containers, which are kept indoors and are not drained at least once a week, have a greater chance of breeding Aedes sp. More attention is given to non-water containers that are located inside the house. Prevention activities, especially draining water containers properly at least once a week ensures that they do not become breeding sites for Aedes sp. mosquitoes and helps to prevent the transmission of dengue viral fever. HIGHLIGHTS Potential breeding sites for Aedes sp. at 1,269 water containers in 300 houses at Maros Regency, Indonesia were studied.; Proportion of larvae/pupae was found the most in dispenser drip trays.; Relationship between the type of water container, location, drainage frequency of the non-water containers and the presence of larvae/pupae of Aedes sp. (p-value < 0.05) was determined.;

Critical thinking skills are important in sharing aspects of life in the current and future era of globalization and information. An important aspect of critical thinking is literacy. Literacy abilities within the scope of Natural Sciences refer to scientific literacy. The critical thinking test results show that students' critical thinking components must still be developed. This paper discusses developing and validating a critical thinking measurement instrument for prospective science-biology teacher students based on Megapodidae bird ecotourism. The aim is to develop and assess the validity, reliability, and characteristics of critical thinking skills instruments so that they can be used to measure critical thinking skills in Science-Biology prospective teacher students. Product development in the form of critical thinking skills test instruments in Biology learning for prospective teacher students at FKIP Unram. Instrument development is carried out in four steps: identifying indicators, developing collection items, making validity checks, and improving item quality. Instrument validation is by a learning expert from FKIP Unram. Essay form questions consist of 21 items with difficulty levels at medium and high levels. The results of expert validation analysis using Aiken's V method for each aspect are classified as valid with a value of 0.79. The instrument developed can be used as a valid and reliable measure of critical thinking ability.

The learning environment must be designed to motivate students to acquire scientific knowledge while developing their scientific attitude. As essential learning for students, science learning must be responsive to this by facilitating the development of students' scientific attitudes. Gamification is an effort to spark interest, spur motivation, and encourage student engagement in the learning process. Much research on gamification has been done by adopting game mechanics and aesthetics in learning and has generally succeeded in improving student learning outcomes. However, the relationship between using gamification in learning and improving students' scientific attitudes has not been widely studied and discussed in theory. Therefore, this paper presents a literature review of fields in which gamification can intervene to improve students' scientific attitudes.

The combination of polymers with graphene oxide has become a subject of increasingly deep research in the effort to develop superior anti-corrosion coatings. In an attempt to enhance material resistance to corrosion, this research investigates the potential utilization of merging two polymer substrates which are polyeugenol and arabic gum with graphene oxide as a protective layer in reducing corrosion. Polyeugenol was synthesized using cationic polymerization of eugenol in the presence of BF3 catalyst. While graphene oxide was synthesized using Hummer's method. The composites of polyeugenol-gum arabic/graphene oxide (PE-GA/GO) were obtained using a solution mixing method to obtain dark brown solution and their anticorrosion activity were measured using potentiodinamic polarization, SEM, XRD, and hydrophobicity tests. The combination of two polymers in the polyeugenol-gum arabic/graphene oxide composite-coated copper exhibits corrosion rates nearly ten times lower compared to copper coated with the single polymer of polyeugenol/graphene oxide. The presence of GO could increase anticorrosion ability. The composite exhibits high performance protection against corrosion with the highest protection achieved on composition 1.25% by weight of graphene oxide against the polymer matrix (polyeugenol-gum arabic) with negligible corrosion rate of 4.5 × 10−5 mm/year. There was no excess damage to the results of the SEM surface morphology analysis of composite layers. The XRD characterization showed that coatings using PE-GA/GO composites on copper metal succeeded in preventing corrosive species and inhibiting the formation of corrosion products and the composites showed higher hydrophobicity properties than metals without layers.

Before the COVID-19 pandemic which broke out in early 2020, most of the classes in many universities in Indonesia were conducted offline (traditional classes). After the outbreak of COVID-19, most institutions had to do online teaching-learning due to government policies to prevent the spread of the coronavirus. Both students and educators realized that online learning was effective for them to fulfill the learning outcomes. In early 2023, many institutions in many countries started to conduct face-to-face classes again due to the decrease of the coronavirus spread. This research aims to find out the perspective of the students in the Translation class in both online and offline classes, before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The researchers want to find out the solutions that both the students and the lecturers suggest for a better method of conducting a Translation course. This research uses a descriptive qualitative research method. The data are taken from the interview session and the questionnaires. The respondents are the students and lecturers of Translation courses at Universitas Kristen Indonesia and Universitas Gunadarma. This research found that the online teaching and learning process is effective for students and educators.

Indonesia is an archipelagic country that provides important nesting and foraging habitats for the critically endangered hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata). Although many studies have investigated this migratory species globally, there is a lack of information on the population structure and geographic boundary of this species in Indonesia. This study aims to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of six nesting sites in the Java Sea region of Indonesia. The control region (d-loop) sequence (818 bp) was obtained from 152 individuals, resulting in 20 haplotypes. This study revealed 13 new haplotypes, 12 of which were rare and observed only in a single sampling location. Results showed that the Indonesian population shares haplotypes with rookeries from Peninsular Malaysia and Australia, as indicated by EiIP08 and EiIP49. The haplotype diversity (h) was highest at the more northern rookery sites (Segama Besar Island, Kimar Island, East Belitung, Penambun Island) (h: 0.6033 - 0.9167; 4 - 9 haplotypes) compared to the other two rookeries located in the Seribu Archipelago (Tidung Island and Harapan Island) (h: 0.3354 - 0.5965; 3 - 6 haplotypes). Furthermore, population structure analysis showed a pan-mixed population between Tidung Island and Harapan Island (FST: 0.003, P > 0.05) but significant population structure across all other rookery sites (FST: 0.083 - 0.486, P < 0.05), resulting in five newly identified Management Units (MUs) in this area. This study showed the presence of a complex population structure with local haplotypes and narrow population boundaries for rookeries in relatively close proximity within the Java Sea, prompting local management and highlighting the need for more research on hawksbill turtle populations in Indonesia.

This study investigates the characteristics of blended Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) concrete admixed with silica fume (SF) and precipitated silica (SP) as a cement replacement material for Portland Composite Cement (PCC). The study aims to evaluate the potential of precipitated silica extracted from POFA as an alternative to commercial silica fume in enhancing the properties of palm oil fuel ash concrete. Four different mixes were studied, including a control mix with PCC and three mixes with varying amounts of POFA, SF, and SP. The study analyzed the fresh properties, compressive strength, strength activity index, tensile strength, and microstructure of the concrete. The results showed that the addition of SF and SP increased the compressive strength of the POFA concrete by 23.34% and 38.11% respectively at 28 days. The strength activity index was also higher in the mixes with silica, indicating a higher pozzolanic activity at early ages. The tensile strength and porosity of the concrete were also improved with the addition of silica. The SEM and FTIR analysis confirmed that the addition of silica, especially precipitated silica, improved the microstructure of the concrete. The study concludes that the precipitated silica from POFA has the potential to be used as a cement replacement or additive in POFA concrete manufacturing in Asian countries where POFA is abundantly available.

Abstract The design of the gas distribution for small-demand power plants located on remote islands is logistically challenging. The use of small-scale liquefied natural gas (LNG) vessels can be an option for these logistic problems. This paper aims to conduct a techno-economic analysis of using small-scale LNG vessels for gas distribution to the power plants that are spread across different islands. Route optimisation has been conducted using the capacitated vehicle routing problem method. The ship’s principal dimensions were determined using the aspect ratio from a linear regression of existing small-scale LNG vessels. As a case study, the gas demands for a gas power plant in eastern Indonesia were analysed into four distribution clusters. The results of the techno-economic analysis showed that the four distribution clusters have different characteristics regarding the LNG requirements, location characteristics and ship specifications. The capacity of small-scale LNG vessels feasible in terms of technical aspects varies from 2500, 5000, to > 10,000 m3 with variations in the ship speed depending on the location of the power plants. The amount of cargo requested and the shipping distance was affected to the cost of LNG transportation. The economic assessment proposes that the feasible investment by considering small-scale LNG cargo distribution, from the case study shows that with a ship capacity of 5000 m3 feasible margin rate is ≥ 3 USD/metric million British thermal units with an internal rate of return of 10% and estimated payback period is less than 15 years.

Empowerment of people with disabilities through the transfer of biofloc shrimp farming technology in the city of Banda Aceh is a program aimed at enhancing the independence and empowerment of people with disabilities. Biofloc shrimp farming is a technology that utilizes a biofloc system, where bacteria are used to break down waste and provide nutrients for the shrimp. In this system, shrimp can grow faster and healthier compared to conventional shrimp farming methods. The program is in partnership with the Imam Ahmad bin Idris Aceh Foundation located in the village of Alue Naga and will be implemented from August to November 2023. The training will cover the construction of the tank, water management, feeding, shrimp maintenance, and harvesting methods. Additionally, the program will provide initial capital assistance to start biofloc shrimp farming businesses. This program aims to enable people with disabilities to achieve better income and improve their self-reliance. Furthermore, it is expected to increase biofloc shrimp production in the city of Banda Aceh, thereby enhancing the local economy.