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Despite the growing acceptance of Organizational Citizenship Behaviors (OCBs), or the "good soldier syndrome", as discretionary and therefore not enforceable individual behaviors, it is becoming increasingly clear that OCB role definitions must be taken into account. The current study examined the antecedents of OCB role definitions in a military work context. Integrating social exchange and role theories, we found that job satisfaction and transformational leadership are related to how broadly subordinates define their jobs and that procedural justice has a moderator role in the relationship between transformational leadership and OCB. Implications for practice and research are discussed.

Objective: To evaluate autopsy findings in hypothermia-related deaths in Van Province, Turkey, a city near the Turkey-Iran border. Methods: Autopsy reports on 43 hypothermia fatalities were retrospectively reviewed. Data regarding age, gender, nationality of the cases, seasonality of the deaths, crime scene findings, autopsy findings, manner of deaths, risk factors for hypothermia, other traumatic lesions, and toxicology were obtained from autopsy records and scene investigation records. Results: There were 36 males and 7 females. The mean age was 20.5 years. More than half of the cases died or were found dead in the spring months. All but one of the cases was found dead outdoors. There were common red-coloured livor mortis in 33 cases (76.7%), antemortem traumas in 16 cases (37.2%), cold erythema in 26 cases (60.5%), myxedema in 1 case, bloody discolouration in the synovial fluid in 11 (84.6%) cases, and Wischnewski spots in 32 cases (74.4%). Conclusion: The study showed that illegal refugees are an important social problem in Turkey. Hypothermia should be considered as a cause of death for refugees when they are found, especially in the cold provinces. In the diagnosis of hypothermia, bloody discolouration of the synovial fluid is confirmed to be a valuable finding. Wischnewski spots remain valuable for positive identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To report the largest series of lightning-related deaths in Turkey, to review the literature on this subject, and to identify similarities and differences between the autopsy findings in this study and the information available in literature. Methods: In this study, autopsy reports and crime scene investigation data on 11 lightningrelated fatalities that occurred in the Van and Hakkâri Provinces, Turkey, from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Of the 1699 fatalities, 11 (2.53%) evaluated by medico-legal autopsy in the Van and Hakkâri Province in a 5-year period died from lightning strikes. Of these cases, 10 (90.1%) were males and 1 (9.9%) was female (p < 0.05). All cases were in the 11 to 33 years age group. All cases were injured outdoors. Conclusion: We concluded that deaths due to lightning strikes are relatively rare in Turkey, and may be reduced with precautions such as avoiding staying under trees or in the vicinity of high towers, refraining from touching metal objects, avoiding lying on the ground, leaning on walls, and crouching outdoors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proteins interact with many molecules in order to maintain the vital activities in cells. Proteins that interact with DNA are called DNA-binding proteins (DBP), and proteins that interact with RNA are called RNA-binding proteins (RBP). Since DBPs and RBPs are involved in critical biological processes, their classification is quite important. Although the convolutional neural network and bidirectional long-short-term memory hybrid model (CNN-BiLSTM) is very popular in DBP and RBP classification, it has problems such as requirement of high processing power and long training time. Therefore, a multilayer perceptron (MLP) based predictor, PredDRBP-MLP (Predictor of DNA-Binding Proteins and RNA-Binding Proteins - Multilayer Perceptron) was developed in this study. PredDRBP-MLP is an artificial learning model that performs multi-class classification of DBPs, RBPs and non-nucleic acid-binding proteins (NNABP). PredDRBP-MLP achieved quite successful results on the independent dataset, specifically in the NNABP class, compared to the existing predictors, in addition to requiring lower processing power and being able to train quicker compared to CNN-BiLSTM based predictors. In NNABP class, PredDRBP-MLP predictor achieved 0.578 precision, 0.522 recall and 0.549 F1-score, while other multi-class predictor achieved 0.486 precision, 0.183 recall and 0.266 F1-score. A desktop application was developed for PredDRBP-MLP. The application is freely accessible at https://sourceforge.net/projects/preddrbp-mlp., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest No conflict of interest exists., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Research on investigation and determination of geographic origins of olive oils is increased by consumers' demand to authenticated olive oils. Classification algorithms which are machine learning methods can be employed for the authentication of olive oils. In this study, different classification algorithms were evaluated to reveal the most accurate one for authentication of Turkish olive oils. BayesNet, Naive Bayes, Multilayer Perception, IBK, Kstar, SMO, Random Forest, J48, LWL, Logistic Regression, Simple Logistic, LogitBoost algorithms were implemented on 61 chemical analysis parameters of 49 olive oil samples from 6 different locations at Western Turkey. These 61 parameters were obtained from five different chemical analyses which are stable carbon isotope ratio, trace elements, sterol compositions, FAMEs and TAGs. This study is the most comprehensive study to determine the geographical origin of Turkish olive oils in terms of these mentioned features. Classification performances of the algorithms were compared using accuracy, specificity and sensitivity metrics. Random Forest, BayesNet, and LogitBoost algorithms were found as the best classification algorithms for authentication of Turkish olive oils. Using the classification model in this study, geographic origin of an unknown olive oil can be predicted with high accuracy. Besides, similar models can be developed to obtain useful information for authentication of other food products., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestThe authors have declared that they have no conflict of interest., (© Association of Food Scientists & Technologists (India) 2019.)

Background: Current approaches to identifying drug-drug interactions (DDIs), include safety studies during drug development and post-marketing surveillance after approval, offer important opportunities to identify potential safety issues, but are unable to provide complete set of all possible DDIs. Thus, the drug discovery researchers and healthcare professionals might not be fully aware of potentially dangerous DDIs. Predicting potential drug-drug interaction helps reduce unanticipated drug interactions and drug development costs and optimizes the drug design process. Methods for prediction of DDIs have the tendency to report high accuracy but still have little impact on translational research due to systematic biases induced by networked/paired data. In this work, we aimed to present realistic evaluation settings to predict DDIs using knowledge graph embeddings. We propose a simple disjoint cross-validation scheme to evaluate drug-drug interaction predictions for the scenarios where the drugs have no known DDIs., Results: We designed different evaluation settings to accurately assess the performance for predicting DDIs. The settings for disjoint cross-validation produced lower performance scores, as expected, but still were good at predicting the drug interactions. We have applied Logistic Regression, Naive Bayes and Random Forest on DrugBank knowledge graph with the 10-fold traditional cross validation using RDF2Vec, TransE and TransD. RDF2Vec with Skip-Gram generally surpasses other embedding methods. We also tested RDF2Vec on various drug knowledge graphs such as DrugBank, PharmGKB and KEGG to predict unknown drug-drug interactions. The performance was not enhanced significantly when an integrated knowledge graph including these three datasets was used., Conclusion: We showed that the knowledge embeddings are powerful predictors and comparable to current state-of-the-art methods for inferring new DDIs. We addressed the evaluation biases by introducing drug-wise and pairwise disjoint test classes. Although the performance scores for drug-wise and pairwise disjoint seem to be low, the results can be considered to be realistic in predicting the interactions for drugs with limited interaction information.

Suicide is one of the most important public health problems. There was an association between suicide and several factors such as psychiatric diseases and psychological characteristics, somatic illness, cultural, socioeconomic, familial, occupational and individual risk factors. Also, high altitude and climatic factors including high temperature, cloudiness, more sunshine and low rainfalls were defined as some of these risk factors in the literature. In this study, we aimed to investigate correlation between suicide rates and altitudes of all cities in Turkey and between suicide rates and climatic factors including Rainfall Activity Index, Winter Mean Temperatures, Summer Mean Temperatures and Temperature Difference between January and July previously defined by several authors in the broad series in Turkey. In Turkey, 29865 suicidal deaths occurred in 10 years period between 2006 and 2015. Of them, 21020 (70.4%) were males and 8845 (29.6%) were females. In this study, we found that high altitude above 1500 m, winter median temperature lower than -10 °C and hard temperature changes above 25 °C between winter and summer of settlements were important factors that affected on female suicide rates appropriate to knowledge which defined in previous studies. In conclusion, we suggested that the associations among suicide rates with altitudes and climate should be studied in wider series obtained from different countries for reaching more reliable results., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd and Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine. All rights reserved.)

This study aims at comparing operational codes (namely, philosophical and instrumental beliefs about the political universe) of political leaders from different cultures. According to Schwartz (2004), cultures can be categorised into 3 dimensions: autonomy-embeddedness, egalitarianism-hierarchy and mastery-harmony. This study draws upon the 1st dimension (akin to the most popular cultural dimension of Hofstede: individualism-collectivism) and focuses on comparing the leaders of autonomous and embedded cultures based on how cooperative/conflictual they are. The main research hypothesis is as follows: the leaders of embedded cultures would be more cooperative than the leaders of autonomous cultures. For this purpose, 3 autonomous cultures (the UK, Canada and Australia) and embedded cultures (Singapore, South Africa and Malaysia) cultures were chosen randomly and the cooperativeness of the correspondent countries' leaders were compared after being profiled by Profiler Plus. The results indicated that the leaders of embedded cultures were significantly more cooperative than autonomous cultures after holding the control variables constant. The findings were discussed in the light of relevant literature., (© 2016 International Union of Psychological Science.)

Objectives: To define the dimensions of the frontal sinus in groups standardized for age and gender and to discuss the reasons and the effects of the variations. Methods: Frontal sinus measurements were obtained from paranasal CTscans of 180 males and 180 females in the Radiology Department of Dursun Odabas Medical Center of Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, which is located in Eastern Turkey, between February and March 2016. The width and height of sinuses were measured on a coronal plane, and the anteroposterior length was measured on an axial plane. Volumes were calculated using the Hospital Information Management Systems and Image Archiving and Management Systemprogram. The Statistical Package of the Social Science version 13 was used for statistical analyses.  Results: We determined differences in the frontal sinus measurements of different age groups in a Turkish adult population. Frontal sinus dimensions were usually higher in females and lower in males after 40-49 years of age than their younger counterparts, but the measurements were lower in females and higher in males in 70≤ years of age group than 60-69 years of age. Left frontal sinus was dominant in young age groups but right frontal sinus was dominant in groups 40-49 years of age or older.  Conclusion: We observed crossing of the measurements between the different age groups, which we could not find clear explanations. The results of such studies may affect forensic identification from frontal sinus measurements.

We propose a refined theory of basic individual values intended to provide greater heuristic and explanatory power than the original theory of 10 values (Schwartz, 1992). The refined theory more accurately expresses the central assumption of the original theory that research has largely ignored: Values form a circular motivational continuum. The theory defines and orders 19 values on the continuum based on their compatible and conflicting motivations, expression of self-protection versus growth, and personal versus social focus. We assess the theory with a new instrument in 15 samples from 10 countries (N = 6,059). Confirmatory factor and multidimensional scaling analyses support discrimination of the 19 values, confirming the refined theory. Multidimensional scaling analyses largely support the predicted motivational order of the values. Analyses of predictive validity demonstrate that the refined values theory provides greater and more precise insight into the value underpinnings of beliefs. Each value correlates uniquely with external variables.