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In this study, the mutagenic and anti-mutagenic effects of methanol extract of three lichen species (Cetraria aculeata, Cladonia chlorophaea and Cetrelia olivetorum) were investigated by using E. coli-WP2, Ames-Salmonella (TA1535 and TA1537) and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) test systems. The results obtained from bacterial test systems demonstrated that methanol extracts of three lichen species have strong anti-mutagenic potencies on TA1535, TA1537 strains and to a lesser extent on E. coli-WP2 strain. The anti-oxidant level of human lymphocytes cells was determined in order to clarify the mechanism underlying the anti-mutagenic effects of these lichen species. Co-treatments of 5, 10 and 20 µg/mL concentrations of these three lichen species with AFB decreased the frequencies of SCE and the level of MDA and increased the amount of SOD, GSH and GPx which decreased by aflatoxin. The findings of this work have clearly demonstrated that Cetraria aculeata, Cladonia chlorophaea and Cetrelia olivetorum have significant anti-mutagenic effects which are thought to be partly due to the anti-oxidant activities and the interaction capability of lichen extracts with mutagen agents (Sodium azide, acridin, N-methyl-N?-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and aflatoxin B1). © 2018 by School of Pharmacy Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Health Services.

Adiguzel, Ahmet/0000-0001-8848-6647; WOS: 000379573800007 Textile dyes which are extensively used have important incomes commercially however they cause health and environmental problems. In this study, Anoxybacillus gonensis P39 (Gen Bank No: FJ808725) isolated from Erzurum-Ilica Spring and laccase from A. gonensis P39 was purified as 160 kDa molecular weight by using (NH4)(2)SO4 precipitation, DEAE-cellulose and Sephacryl S200 coloumn with 4.16, 11.96 and 83.4 purification folds, orderly. Vmax and Km were calculated as 0.442 mu mol/min. mg and 0.077 mM. Optimum pH and temperature were 5.0 and 60 degrees C moreover, laccase was stable against high temperature and pH conditions. Although most of the metal ions were positively affected laccase activity, Mn2+, Cu2+ and Fe2+ were strong inhibitors. Consequently, removal of some textile dyes was evaluated and the laccase reduced the Reactive Black5, Fuchsine, Allura Red and Acid Red 37 dyes by 22.1, 5.96, 1.34 and 1.15%, respectively so that A. gonensis P39 can be successfully used for bioremediation of waste water. Research Development Centre of Ataturk UniversityAtaturk University; Ataturk University, TurkeyAtaturk University; [2015/335] This research was performed under the project numbered 2015/335 and supported by the Research Development Centre of Ataturk University. The authors acknowledge the support of Ataturk University, Turkey for this work.

In the present investigation, bacterial isolates from infected apricot trees grown in the vicinity of Erzurum (Turkey) were studied. A total of 104 bacterial isolates were obtained from diseased apricot samples and identified as Pseudomonas spp. Most of these strains (75 of 104) proved to belong to the genus Pseudomonas upon further identification. The results of the HR (hypersensitive reaction) and pathogenicity tests showed that 67 of the strains belonged to P. syringae pv. syringae, whereas the others were HR negative and non-pathogenic on apricot. Data of resistance studies suggested that none of the tested apricot cultivars were resistant to P. syringae pv. syringae. It was determined that the most susceptible cultivar was Hacihaliloglu and the tolerant cultivars were Sekerpare, Roxana and Hasanbey., Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [TOVAG-107 O 181]; Ataturk University Research Foundation [BAP: 2007/67], This study was supported by The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) under the project TOVAG-107 O 181 and Ataturk University Research Foundation (BAP: 2007/67). This work was presented at IV. Bitki Koruma Kongresi, Kahramanmaras, Turkey.

Medical plants and their various extracts have been occasionally used in the treatment of many diseases. Astragalus is one of those medical plants and it has several biological activities. In the present study, the hexane extracts of six Astragalus species, which are grown in the eastern Anatolia region of Turkey, were isolated, and their mutagenic and antimutagenic properties were investigated by using Salmonella typhimurium TA1535, TA1537 and Escherichia coli WP2uvrA tester strains at 0.05, 0.5 and 5 µg/plate concentrations. Known mutagens sodium azide (NaN3), 9-Aminoacridine (9-AA) and N-Methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) were used to determine antimutagenic properties of hexane extracts. The results showed that all hexane extracts, investigated in the present study, can be considered genotoxically safe because they do not have mutagenic activity at the tested concentrations. But, a great many of them have antimutagenic activity against 9-Aminoacridine known as a model intercalator agent. The inhibition rates obtained from the antimutagenicity assays ranged from 27.51% (A. macrocephalus - 0.05 µg/plate) to 54.39% (A. galegiformis - 5 µg/plate). These activities are valuable toward an extension of the employ of these drugs as new phytotherapeutic or preservative ingredients. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Fatty acid (FA) and RAPD profiles were used to examine phenotypic and genotypic relationships, respectively among Astragalus atrocarpus, A. campylosema subsp. campylosema, A. fumosus, A. galegiformes, A. lineatus var. jildisianus and A. trichostigma. All the taxa were separated based on the presence and composition of 33 different FAs. A set of nine FAs (14 : 0, 16 : 0, 18 : 0, 18 N alcohol, 17 : 1 iso G, 18: 1 : ?8c, C18 : 1 : ?9t alcohol, 18:2: ?6c, 19:1: ?6c) were found in all Astragalus taxa. Six of the ten decamer primers examined were selected to explore the genetic variation among the taxa tested. The RAPD results suggested that A. fumosus, A. lineatus and A. trichostigma are closely related and completely different from the rest of the taxa. Four genetically distinct groups were found among the species. High genetic variations were present among species growing wildly in eastern Anatolia region of Turkey, which may imply differences in their origin. It appears that both RAPD and FA analyses are useful for differentiation of Astragalus species.

Recently, there has been a growing level of interest in environmental friendly sustainable agricultural practices and organic farming systems. Increasing and extending the role of biofertilizers such as Rhizobium would decrease the need for chemical fertilizers and reduce adverse environmental effects. Thus, in the development and implementation of sustainable agriculture techniques, biofertilization is of big importance in alleviating the deterioration of natural and environmental pollution. Besides, the assessment of rhizobial genetic diversity is contributing both to the worldwide knowledge of the biodiversity of soil microorganisms and to the utility of rhizobial collections. Particularly, in the last decades, the use of molecular techniques has been contributed greatly to enhance the knowledge of rhizobial diversity. This study was conducted in order to determine the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Rhizobium leguminosarum subsp. viciae strains that were isolated from perennial wild vetch (Vicia cracca) collected from high altitudes (2000-2500 m) in mountains of Erzurum, Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. In this work, rep-PCR (ERIC-, REP-and BOXPCR) fingerprinting method was used for the genotypic characterization of R. leguminosarum subsp. viciae strains isolated from perennial wild vetch. As a result, a high intraspecies diversity was observed in the rep-PCR (ERIC-, REP-and BOX-PCR) analysis with BOX, ERIC and REP primers between R. leguminosarum subsp. viciae strains. © 2010 University of Bucharest.

The present study evaluated the in vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antiviral activities of the essential oil and various extracts of Salvia limbata C.A.Mey. and Salvia sclarea L., as well as the content of its essential oil. The activities of essential oils were tested against a wide range of human-, plant-, and food-borne microorganisms. A total of 55 microbial organisms belonging to 35 bacteria and 19 fungi and yeast species were tested using disk diffusion, micro dilution, and micro-well dilution. The essential oils were found to possess antimicrobial activity against some of the tested fungi, while no activity was observed against the bacteria. The chemical compositions of the plant hydrodistilled essential oils were analyzed by Means of GC-MS. The main compounds of Salvia species oils were spathulenol (29.30%) and germacrene D (24.72%). Other important components were sclareoloxide (14.08%) and beta-caryophyllene (16.24%). The results showed that the compositions of the essential oils of these Salvia species varied significantly. Antioxidant activity was measured by 2 methods, namely scavenging of free radical DPPH and the inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation. In the beta-carotene/linoleic acid system, values were 85.1% +/- 1 and 76.6% 1, respectively, being comparable with that of the synthetic antioxidant BHT (96% +/- 1). In antiviral activity assays, the MeOH extracts from Salvia species had a significant anti-influenza virus effect and limited antiherpetic activity.

This study was designed to evaluate antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the essential oil and methanol extract from Mentha longifolia ssp. longifolia. The essential oil showed strong antimicrobial activity against all 30 microorganisms tested whereas the methanol extract almost remained inactive. In contrast, the extract showed much better activity than the essential oil in antioxidant activity assays employed, e.g. in the inhibition of free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ß-carotene/linoleic acid systems. In the former, the extract was able to reduce the stable free radical DPPH with an IC50 of 57.4 µg/ml while that of the oils was 10 700 µg/ml. When compared to BHT, a synthetic antioxidant, both showed weaker antioxidative potential. Similarly, in ß-carotene/linoleic acid assay, these samples were not effectively able to inhibit the linoleic acid oxidation; exhibiting only 24% and 36% inhibitions at 2 mg/ml, respectively; both were far below than that of BHT. Total phenolic constituent of the extract was 4.5 g/100 g as gallic acid equivalent. GC-MS analysis of the oil resulted in the identification of 45 constituents, cis-piperitone epoxide, pulegone and piperitenone oxide being the main components. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Atatürk Üniversitesi This study was supported by a grant from the Research Funds appropriated to Atatürk University.

Fatty acid (FAs) and RAPD profiles were used to examine phenotypic and genetic relationships between eight Astragalus species including Astragalus maximus Willd. var. maximus, Astragalus coadunatus Hub. Mor. & Chamb., Astragalus kurdicus Boiss. var. kurdicus, Astragalus lagurus Willd, Astragalus christianus L., Astragalus cicer L., Astragalus atrocarpus Champ & Matthews and Astragalus onobrychioides Bieb., which were wildly growing in eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. All of the eight Astragalus species tested in this study were separated based on the presence and composition of 45 different FAs. Four of the Astragalus species including A. coadunatus, A. lagurus, A. christianus, and A. atrocarpus were rich in terms of FA contents containing at least 22-31 different FAs. The relative proportions of two fatty acids, 16:0, and 18:1:?8c were higher in these four Astragalus species. The remaining species have limited number of FAs with unique FAMEs profiles. Six of the 10 decamer primers examined were selected to find out genetic polymorphism in Astragalus species. A total of 98 polymorphic bands were observed, ranging in size from 250 bp to 3000 bp. The RAPD results suggested that A. atrocarpus, A. onobrychioides and A. kurdicus are closely related and completely different from the other species. Six genetically distinct groups were found among the species of Astragalus. High genetic variations among Astragalus species growing wildly in eastern Anatolia region of Turkey may imply the differences in their origins. The results in the present study suggested that both RAPD and FA analyses are useful for differentiation of Astragalus species. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik AraÅ?tirma Kurumu This study was supported by grants from the Research Funds appropriated to Ataturk University and The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK).

The textile dyeing wastewater is discharged to the environment in various occasions and causes severe environmental problems. Therefore, more effective treatment methods should be developed to eliminate dyes from the wastewater stream at the source. In this study, catalase-peroxidase enzyme was purified from Aerobacillus pallidus (P26) isolated from the Erzurum-Pasinler spring (Gen Bank NO: EU935591). A catalase-peroxidase (CP) using enzyme was purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation, CM-Sephadex ion chromatography and Sephacryl S 200 gel filtration chromatography changing. Optimum pH and temperature values were determined as 7 and 60 C degrees, respectively. In addition, for each substrate pairs, K-m and V-max values were calculated from Lineweaver-Burk graphs. The effect of some metal ions was also investigated on the activity of CP enzyme. Purified catalase-peroxidase from A. pallidus (P26) is then applied in the decolorization of Reactive Black 5, Fuchsine, Allura Red and Acid Red 37 in waste water. CP presents a potential as a viable alternative in the decolorization of textile wastewaters.

Ground meat is the leading fresh meat product for microbial contamination when considered by physical properties and preparation conditions. This study was conducted to determine the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Escherichia coli 0157 strains isolated from one hundred and forty meat samples obtained from retail markets and butchers, Erzurum, Turkey. As a result %5 of meat samples are determined to contain target microorganism. Fatty acid profiles, metabolic fingerprints (BIOLOG), ERIC-PCR, REP-PCR, BOX-PCR and (GTG)(5)-PCR profiling methods were used for the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of O157:H7 isolates. The data of fatty acid analysis showed the presence of 20 different fatty acids in the 13 bacterial strains examined. All test strains were identified up to E. coli species level with Biolog system. After evaluating several primer sets targeting the repetitive DNA elements of REP, ERIC, BOX and (GTG)(5), the ERIC and (GTG)(5) primers were found to be the most reliable technique for identification and taxonomic characterization of E. coli 0157:H7 strains. Therefore, rep-PCR fingerprinting using the ERIC and (GTG)(5) primers can be considered as a promising genotypic tool for the identification and characterization of E. coli from species to serotype level.

19th International Conference on Antiviral Research -- MAY 07-11, 2006 -- San Juan, PR, WOS: 000237011200160, …, Int Soc Antiviral Res

The present study was conducted to evaluate the antimutagenic activity of methanol extract of Helichrysum plicattum ssp. plicatum plants. Antimutagenic activity of the extract was estimated by employing AMES- Salmonella/microsome assay by using Salmonella typhimurium TA 1535 and TA 1538 strains against direct acting mutagens sodium azide (NaN3), 4-nitro-1-quinoline oxide and the S9-dependent mutagen 2-amino fluorene (2AF). In this study, standard plate incorporation method was preferred to determine antimutagenic activity. In the absence of S9 metabolic activation all three doses of plant extract showed statistically significant (p < 0.05) antimutagenic activity on TA 1535 strain, but no on the TA 1538 strain. In the presence of S9 microsomal fraction, plant extract exerted moderate antimutagenic activity against the 2AF mutagen and reduced mutant colonies in the TA 1535 and TA 1538 strains. The present results indicate that H. plicatum ssp. plicatum extract has antimutagenic activity.

In this study, we examined phenotypic and genetic relationships between 15 Thymus species including T. canoviridis, T. haussknechtii, T. fallax, T. leucotrichus, T. pubescens, T. pseudopulegioides, T. sipyleus, T. convolutus, T. spathulifolius, T. cappadocicus, T. brachychilus, T. kotschyanus, T. fedtschenkoi, T. migricus, T. transcaucasicus wildly growing in Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey by using Fatty acid (FAMEs) and RAPD profiles. According to the gas chromatography results, 16:0, 19:1:?9t fatty acids were found in almost all analyzed thymus species. Also, C9 Dicarboxylic acid was observed in all species except for T. transcaucasicus, T. pubescens T. haussknechtii, T. convolutus, T. fallax. Moreover some fatty acids like 15:0 iso, C20 N alcohol, and C25 N alcohol were only observed in T. leucotrichus, T. haussknechtii, T. haussknechtii respectively (38, 28; 37, 40; 14, 78). On the other hand, RAPD analysis was carried out in 15 Thymus species. Twenty oligonucleotide primers were screened on Thymus, and among them, 7 primers showed clear polymorphic patterns. Cluster analysis of Thymus species was performed based on data from polymorphic RAPD bands, by using Jaccard's similarity coefficient. A similarity matrix showed that the highest genetic similarity (0.077) was between T. canoviridis and T. haussknechtii and the least (0.867) was between T. convolutus and T. transcaucasicus. In addition to this, three genetically distinct groups were determined between Thymus species. Copyright © 2008 Bucharest University.

The study was carried out in order to determine the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of thermophilic bacteria isolated from Van city Ercis town Hasanabdal hot spring water, Turkey. Fatty Acid, rep PCR profiling methods, and 16S rDNA sequence data were used for the molecular characterization of thermophilic bacteria. Totally 9 different bacterial isolates were selected based on morphological, physiological and biochemical tests. These strains were further characterized by molecular tests including fatty acid and rep PCR profiles, and 16S rDNA sequence. As the Fatty Acid profiles were examined, it was determined that for P13 and P9 isolates, iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0, iso-C17:0 and anteiso-C17:0 fatty acids are the major fatty acids. For P22, P86, P56, P60, P59 and P4 isolates, the major fatty acids are C15:0, iso-C16:0, and iso-C17:0 fatty acids, and the major fatty acids for P14, P35 isolates are iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15: 0 fatty acids. These bacterial strains that differ in terms of fatty acid profiles were analyzed by REP and BOX-PCR, which are a genomic fingerprint analysis method. For the strains, which exhibited differences with respect to each other at the end of this analysis, 16S rDNA analyses were performed. As a result of 16S rDNA analyses, it was observed that six of these isolates were identified as Geobacillus pallidus and remaining four strains were Bacillus licheniformis, B. pumilus, Brevibacillus brevis and Br. borstelensis species respectively. Copyright © 2008 Bucharest University.

Fatty acid (FAs) and RAPD profiles were used to examine phenotypic and genetic relationships among 12 Vicia taxa. All the Vicia taxa were separated based on the presence and composition of 77 different FAs. Eight of the ten decamer primers examined were selected to explore the genetic variation. A total of 156 amplicons in the size range of 125-2500 bp were produced by eight different primers from the twelve Vicia taxa. Even though all Vicia species were differentiated by RAPD profiles, three genetically distinct groups were found among the species tested. This is the first study showing that RAPD and FAME analyses are useful methods for differentiation and classification of Vicia and perhaps other plant species and/or taxa as well. © Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board 2006.

Fatty acid and random amplified polymorphic-DNA (RAPD) profiles were used to examine phenotypic and genetic relationships among 8 Salvia taxa. All the Salvia taxa were used separated based on the presence and composition of 85 different fatty acids. Ten decamer primers were used to find out polymorphism. A total of 33 amplicons in the size range of 360 bp to 2500 bp were produced by ten different primers from the eight Salvia taxa. The results suggested that S. argentea is completely different that other species. Three genetically distinct groups were among the species of Salvia species with high genetic variation. All of Salvia species tested in this study was separated with unique FAME profiles including 86 different fatty acids. This is the first study showing that RAPD and FAME profiles are useful methods for determination of genetic and phenotypic profiles which may be used for identification and characterization of Salvia species.

The fixation of N2 by legumes plays key role in agricultural sustainability. Moreover, the further assessment of rhizobial genetic diversity is contributing both to the worldwide knowledge of biodiversity of soil microorganisms and to the usefulness of rhizobial collections, and it is developing long-term strategies to increase contributions of legume-fixed to agricultural productivity. In the last decades, the use of molecular techniques has been contributed greatly to enhance the knowledge of rhizobial diversity. This study was conducted to determine the phenotypic and genotypic differences in Rhizobium leguminosarum subsp. ciceri strains isolated from perennial wild chickpeas (Cicer anatolicum) from high altitudes (2000-2500 m) in mountains of Erzurum, Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. In this study, rep-PCR (ERIC-, REP- and BOX-PCR) fingerprinting methods were used for the genotypic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Rhizobium leguminosarum subsp. ciceri strains isolated from perennial wild chickpeas. The results showed a high intraspecies diversity among the strains in terms of rep-PCR (ERIC-, REP- and BOX-PCR) profiles. Copyright © 2009 Bucharest University.

In this study, phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Salmonella strains was carried out. Isolates were obtained from 140 different minced beef samples, taken from slaughterhouses and butcher shops in the vicinity of Erzurum, by using chromogenic media. For this purpose, fatty acid profiles, BIOLOG, ERIC-PCR, REP-PCR and (GTG)(5)-PCR methods were used. As a result of isolation study, Salmonella spp. was detected in 4 samples out of 140 minced beef samples. Depending on the data of fatty acid analysis, it was detected that there were 14 different fatty acids in the examined 15 bacterial strains. In the results of analyses by using BIOLOG system, all of the test organisms gave identification result as Salmonella group 1 and it was determined that this method is inefficient for serotype level detection. Several primer sets, targeting the repetitive DNA elements of REP, ERIC and (GTG)(5),were evaluated and it was detected that for identification and taxonomic characterization of S. typhimurium strains, the ERIC primers were the most reliable technique. Hence, as a promising genotypic tool, rep-PCR fingerprinting using the ERIC and REP primers can be used for the identification and characterization of Salmonella isolates species to serotype level.

4th International Conference on Environmental, Industrial and Applied Microbiology (BioMicroWorld) -- SEP 14-16, 2011 -- Malaga, SPAIN In the present study, the chemical composition of the essential oil (EO) of Mentha longifolia L. Hudson ssp. longifolia (ML) and the antibacterial activity of the EO against phtopathogenic bacteria were determined. The EO of ML that grown in Eastern Anatolia was isolated by the hydrodistillation method and analyzed by GC-MS. According to GC analysis of the chemical composition of the EO of ML, it consisted of 12 identified components. Major components of the oil were cis-Piperitone epoxide (26.52%-GC), Piperitenone oxide (26.40%) and Pulegone (15.66%). The antibacterial activity of the EO was also tested against 20 phtopathogenic bacteria. In general, the oil had antibacterial activity at a wide spectrum on the growth of phtopathogenic bacteria. In conclusion, the results revealed that the EO of ML have significant antibacterial activity, and the findings of the present study are valuable for further investigations focusing on controlling plant pathogenic bacteria that cause crop loss.

Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is found in different polymorph structures such as aragonite, vaterite, and calcite. The most common and stable form of CaCO3, calcite, which is abundant in sedimentary rocks as magnesite ore. Magnesite has application areas in many industrial fields including paper, pharmaceutical and refractory materials. Magnesite is theoretically formulated MgCO3, but contains many impurities (silicium, iron, and also calcite), that limits its usability and applicability. In this research, we aimed to investigate the decalcification possibility of the raw magnesite material through application of Enterococcus feacelis (EF) with CaCO3 dissolution ability. The exact mechanism of CaCO3 dissolution was investigated by carbonic anhydrase enzyme assay and HPLC analysis of organic acids produced by EF. Consequently, EF reduced the amount of CaCO3 from 2.94% to 0.49% which means a reduction (?83.33%) in the rate of CaCO3 percentage. As a result of the experiments, it was observed that different organic acids produced by bacteria reacted with CaCO3 and removed the lime of magnesite ore. The bacteria used in the study did not show any pathogenic properties in rats, thus, it can be used safely for the industrial applications. © 2020, © 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

Gormez, Arzu/0000-0003-3246-1824; Gormez, Arzu/0000-0003-3246-1824; BOZARI, Sedat/0000-0001-5265-2236 WOS: 000381628100015 In this study, the antibacterial effect of Origanum rotundifolium Boiss's essential oil was evaluated against 20 plant pathogenic bacteria. The essential oil (EO) of O. rotundifolium was hydrodistillated from wild O. rotundifolium plants that grown in Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. Then, 10 chemical compounds of EO were identified via gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The main compounds were determined as thymol (40.86 %-GC), carvacrol (43.62 %), p-cymene (5.95 %) and borneol (2.49 %). According to the results of the study, the essential oil of O. rotundifolium exhibits considerable antibacterial effect against pathogenic bacteria that cause significantly crop loss.

In this study we aimed to investigate the effects of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on seed incubation of spring wheat and barley. Three bacterial strains were applied singly and in combinations. Seed inoculation with strains significantly affected grain yield (GY), straw (SWY), total yield (TY), and plant nutrient element (PNE) content. In field trials, compared to the control, single inoculations gave GY SWY, and TY increases by 27.5-31.9%, 1.1-5.3%, and 1.3-11.3% in wheat and 15.1-27.8%, 10.8-15.5%, and 14.5-18.5% in barley, respectively, but mixtures of strains gave increases in GY, SWY, and TY by 54.7%, 2.1%, and 6.7% in wheat and 57.8%, 14.6%, and 17.5% in barley, respectively. According to the results, it was concluded that seed inoculations with PGPR and mixture inoculation might satisfy nitrogen requirements, but Bacillus megaterium M3 and MIX (Bacillus subtilis 05U142, B. megaterium M3, Azospirillum brasilense Sp245) inoculation provided greater PNE concentrations than mineral fertilizer application for wheat and barley under field conditions., European Union [FP6-FOOD-CT-2006-036297], This study was supported financially by a grant from the FP6-FOOD-CT-2006-036297 (rhizobacteria for reduced fertilizer inputs in wheat) funded by the FP6 program of the European Union.

The increase in agricultural production can be possible with the discovery and utilization of chemical compounds for plant disease control. However, indiscriminate use of chemical compounds against microorganisms causes many negative side effects on environment and mammalian health. Therefore, we aimed to find a new natural antimicrobial product from medicinal plants against phytopathogenic bacteria. In this study, the essential oil (EO) of Nepeta nuda was isolated by the hydrodistillation method and the chemical composition of the EO was analyzed by gas chromatography- mass spectrometry (GC-MS), as its biological activity was connected to its content. Then, the antibacterial property of EO was evaluated against twenty phytopathogenic bacteria. Nepeta contains 4aa,7?,7aa-nepetalactone (18.10%), germacrene (15.68%), elemol (14.38%), ?-caryophyllene (8.81%), spathulenol (6.14%) and cubenol (5.10%) as major components. In conclusion, the present study is valuable for future investigations on controlling plant pathogenic bacteria. © 2013 Taylor and Francis.

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have been reported to stimulate the growth and yield of grain crops, particularly when nutrient supply is poor. However, the mechanisms underlying stimulation of plant growth may vary depending not only on growth conditions and crop management but also on plant and bacterial species. The present study assessed the effect of an inoculation with single or multiple PGPR strains on phosphorus (P)-solubilization processes in the soil and on grain yield in wheat. Single inoculation with Bacillus subtilis OSU-142, Bacillus megaterium M3, or Azospirillum brasilense Sp245 increased grain yield by 24%, 19%, and 19%, respectively, while a mixed inoculation with OSU-142, M3, and Sp245 increased grain yield by 33% relative to noninoculated plants. Single inoculations with Paenibacillus polymyxa RC05 or Bacillus megaterium RC07 were less effective. Single or mixed treatments with OSU-142, M3, and Sp245 increased the concentrations of the labile and moderately labile P fractions in rhizosphere soil. The growth-stimulating effect of OSU-142, M3, and Sp245 was also reflected by higher P concentrations in most plant organs. Among all inocula tested, the highest plant P acquisition was obtained in the presence of M3 and accompanied by the highest microbial P levels and the highest phosphatase activities in the rhizosphere soil. In conclusion, seed inoculation with mixed PGPR strains may effectively substitute for a part of P-fertilizer application in extensive wheat production, and in particular M3 appears to improve the solubilization of inorganic soil P. © 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

In 2009 a greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine the effects of boron (B) and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) treatments, applied either alone or in combination, on yield, plant growth, leaf total chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, membrane leakage, and leaf relative water content of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Bezostiya) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Tokak) plants. Results showed that alone or combined B (0, 1, 3, 6, 9 kg ha-1) and PGPR (Bacillus megaterium M3, Bacillus subtilis OSU142, Azospirillum brasilense Sp245, and Raoultella terrigena) treatments positively affected dry weight and physiological parameters searched in both species. Statistically significant differences were observed between bacterial inoculation and B fertilizer on root and shoot dry weight under non-cold-stress (NCS) and cold-stress (CS) conditions. Leaf total chlorophyll content (LTCC), stomatal conductance (SC), leaf relative water content (LRWC), and membrane leakage (ML) were negatively affected by CS conditions and decreased with reduced temperatures of media, but B and PGPR application alleviate the low-temperature deleterious effect in both species. The greatest SC and LRWC, and the lowest ML, were obtained by 6 kg B ha-1 combined with R. terrigena treatment. The greatest LTCC in both NCS and CS conditions was observed with B. megaterium M3 application alone. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC. We are very grateful to EU FP6-FOOD-CT-2006, STREP Project RHIBAC for the generous financial support for this study.

The present study was conducted to identify and characterize the thermophilic bacteria isolated from various hot springs in Turkey by using phenotypic and genotypic methods including fatty acid methyl ester and rep-PCR profilings, and 16S rRNA sequencing. The data of fatty acid analysis showed the presence of 17 different fatty acids in 15 bacterial strains examined in this study. Six fatty acids, 15:0 iso, 15:0 anteiso, 16:0, 16:0 iso, 17:0 iso, and 17:0 anteiso, were present in all strains. The bacterial strains were classified into three phenotypic groups based on fatty acid profiles which were confirmed by genotypic methods such as 16S rRNA sequence analysis and rep-PCR genomic fingerprint profiles. After evaluating several primer sets targeting the repetitive DNA elements of REP, ERIC, BOX and (GTG)5, the (GTG)5 and BOXA1R primers were found to be the most reliable technique for identification and taxonomic characterization of thermophilic bacteria in the genera of Geobacillus, Anoxybacillus and Bacillus spp. Therefore, rep-PCR fingerprinting using the (GTG)5 and BOXA1R primers can be considered as a promising genotypic tool for the identification and characterization of thermophilic bacteria from species to strain level. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

WOS: 000364895700004 The usage of magnesite strictly depends on its impurities. CaCO3 is the major impurity in magnesite ores. The amount of CaCO3 should be less than 1% for the quality and economical use of magnesite ores. Some magnesite ores in Turkey cannot be used due to high amount of CaCO3 (>= 3%). This study aims to investigate an alternative biotechnological method for decalcification of magnesite ores by using a microorganism (Lactococcus spp.). The amount of CaCO3 was reduced from 2.94% to 0.57%. This reduction improved the quality of magnesite ore by approximately 80.61%. The results showed that Lactococcus spp. can be used safely in industrial decalcification of magnesite ore as the microorganism has no pathogenic properties. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Gormez, Arzu/0000-0003-3246-1824; BOZARI, Sedat/0000-0001-5265-2236 WOS: 000357361800007 PubMed: 26373171 In this study, we aimed to determine chemical composition and antibacterial activities of Satureja hortensis and Calamintha nepeta against to 20 phytopathogenic bacteria causing serious crop loss. The essential oils of S. hortensis and C. nepeta were isolated by the hydrodistillation method and the chemical composition of the essential oils were analyzed by GC-MS. The antibacterial properties of the essential oils were evaluated against 20 phytopathogenic bacteria through Disc diffusion assay and micro dilution assay. The results revealed that the essential oils of S. hortensis and C. nepeta have significant antibacterial activity. Furthermore, the findings of the study are valuable for future investigations focusing on the alternative natural compounds to control plant diseases.

In this study, the bacteria having ore enrichment potential were isolated from three different magnesite quarries located in Erzurum-Askale borderlines. The obtained isolates were identified and characterized according to the conventional (morphological, physiological and biochemical tests) and molecular techniques (fatty acid methyl ester profiles (FAME), BOX PCR and 16S rDNA). According to sequence analysis, they were determined as Exiguobacterium aurantiacum (4), Exiguobacterium sibiricum (2), Bacillus sp. (2), Staphylococcus epidermidis (2), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (1), Shewanella baltica (1) and Klebsiella oxytoca (1), respectively. © 2014 Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. This study was supported by grants (2010/272) from the Research Funds appropriated to Ataturk University.

European Biotechnology Congress -- MAY 16-18, 2013 -- Comenius Univ, Bratislava, SLOVAKIA, …, European Biotechnol Themat Network Assoc, Comenius Univ, Fac Nat Sci

Genus Mentha is a well-known species that has a variety of biological properties and abundantly available throughout temperate regions. Member of Mentha genus have been used as a folk remedy for treatment of nausea, ulcerative colitis and liver complaints due to its anti-inflammatory, carminative, stimulant and antioxidant activities. This study was designed to evaluate mutagenic and anti-mutagenic activities of rosmarinic acid (RA), a phenolic compound isolated from Mentha longifolia ssp. longifolia. The possible anti-mutagenic potential of RA was examined against mutagens ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and acridine (AC) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae RS112. According to our findings, only one concentration of RA showed a mutagenic effect in the highest concentrations used. The lower concentrations of RA significantly inhibited EMS and AC-induced mutations. The highest inhibition rates in yeast DEL assay ranged from 10 % (4 µM/ml concentration in EMS-induced DEL events) to 63.3 % (2µM/ml concentration in AC-induced DEL events). This study suggests that the phenolic compound, RA can possess mutagenic effect in high doses. While this plant is used commonly, the amount of phenolics in food supplementation has to be well adjusted for their efficient dose and safety. Moreover, the antimutagenic/anticarcinogenic properties of RA observed in this study are of great pharmacological importance, and might be beneficial for phytotherapeutic drug discovery and development. © 2012 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. All rights reserved.

… European Biotechnol Themat Network Assoc

7th Tannin Conference/58th International Congress and Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Medical-Plant-and-Natural-Product-Research -- AUG 29-SEP 02, 2010 -- Berlin, GERMANY, WOS: 000282066500390, …, Soc Med Plant Nat Prod Res

Bu çalışmanın Origanum vulgare L. subsp. vulgare bitkilerinin metanol ekstresinin antimutajenik aktivitesini araştırmak için yapılmıştır. Özütün antimutajenik aktivitesi; baz çifti değişimine sahip olan TA1535 ve çerçeve kayması tipi mutasyonlara sahip olan TA1538 mutant Salmonella typhimurium test bakterilerine karşı direkt mutajenler sodyum azit (NaN3), 4-Nitro-1-quinoline oksit (4NQO) ve indirekt mutajen 2-aminofluorene (2AF) kullanılarak AMES/Salmonella histidin test sistemi petri karşılaştırma yöntemine göre değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuçlar; S9 metabolik aktivasyon yokluğunda test edilen bitki özütünün üç dozu da TA 1535 suşu üzerinde istatistiksel olarak önemli (P 0,05) antimutajenik aktivite gösterirken TA 1538 suşu üzerinde herhangi bir aktivite göstermemektedir. Bununla birlikte S9 mikrozomal fraksiyon varlığında bitki özütü, 2AF mutajenine karşı orta dereceli antimutajenik aktivite göstermiş, TA1535 ve TA1538 suşlarında mutant kolonileri azalttığı tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, O. vulgare subsp. vulgare ektraktının 5, 0,5, ve 0,05 ?g/plate konsantrasyonlarında antimutajenik etki göstermektedir. Bu etkiler antioksidan aktivite mekanizması, membran lipidlerinde değişiklik ve iyon kanallarının geçirgenliğinin değişmesi ile açıklanabilir. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimutagenic activity of the methanol extract of Origanum vulgare L. subsp. vulgare. Antimutagenic activity was estimated by employing the plate incorporation AMES/Salmonella histidine reversion assay. The base pair substitution tester strain Salmonella typhimurium TA1535 and the frame shift mutagen strain S. typhimurium TA1538 were used against direct acting mutagens - sodium azide (NaN3), 4-nitro-1-quinoline oxide (4NQO) and the S9-dependent mutagen 2-aminofluorene (2AF). The results suggested that in the absence of S9 metabolic activation, all 3 doses (5, 0.5, and 0.05 μg/plate) of the plant extract tested caused statistically significant (P < 0.05) antimutagenic activity on TA1535 strain, but not on TA1538 strain. However, in the presence of S9 microsomal fraction, the plant extract exerted moderate antimutagenic activity against the 2AF mutagen and reduced mutant colonies in TA1535 and TA1538 strains. As a result, the methanol extract of Origanum vulgare subsp. vulgare showed antimutagenic effects at 5, 0.5, and 0.05 μg/plate concentrations. These effects may be explained with the antioxidant activity mechanism, changes in membrane lipids, and permeability of ion channels.

… European Biotechnol Themat Network Assoc

… European Biotechnol Themat Network Assoc