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7. Lifting COVID-19 mitigation measures in Spain (May–June 2020)

Author

Monge, Susana, Latasa Zamalloa, Pello, Sierra Moros, María José, Pérez Olaso, Oscar, García San Miguel, Lucía, Varela, Carmen, Rivera Ariza, Silvia, Vázquez Torres, María C., Olmedo Lucerón, María del Carmen, González Yuste, Paloma, Soler Crespo, Pilar, Segura del Pozo, Javier, Gullón, Pedro, Carrasco, José Miguel, Martínez Sánchez, Elena Vanessa, Redondo Bravo, Lidia, Pichiule Castañeda, Myriam, Purriños Hermida, María Jesús, Hervada Vidal, Xurxo, Huerta Gonzalez, Ismael, Margolles, Mario, Vanaclocha Luna, Hermelinda, Ramalle Gómara, Enrique, Pérez Martín, Jaime Jesús, Chirlaque López, María Dolores, López Fernández, María Jesús, Lorusso, Nicola, Carmona Ubago, Alberto, Rivas Perez, Ana, Ramos Marin, Violeta, Criado Alvarez, Juan José, Castrillejo Pérez, Daniel, Góméz Anés, Atanasio A., Frontera, Marga, Macias Rodriguez, Pedro, Álvarez León, Eva Elisa, Díaz Casañas, Miriam, Lopaz Perez, Maria Angeles, Alonso Pérez de Ágreda, Juan Pablo, Navas Gutierrez, Paloma, Rosell Aguilar, Ignacio, Arteagoitia Axpe, Jose María, Gonzalez Carril, Fernando, Aparicio Azcárraga, Pilar, Simón Soria, Fernando, and Suarez Rodríguez, Berta

Published
2023
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24. Three Years of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic in a European Region: A Population-Based Longitudinal Assessment in Madrid Between 2020 and 2022.

Author

Berenguer, Juan, Calvo-Alcántara, María J, Alvaro-Meca, Alejandro, Estévez, José C, Basanta, Miguel, Ruiz, Sergio, Matáix, Ángel L, Bienzóbas, César, Cosano, Lourdes, Silva, Aura P, Salas, Pilar, Gullón, Pedro, Franco, Manuel, Arribas, José R, Molero, José M, and Hernán, Miguel A

Subjects
COVID-19 pandemic, COVID-19, CLINICAL pathology, CORONAVIRUS diseases
Abstract

Background Our objective was to assess the health impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during 2020–2022 in the Madrid region. Methods We included all individuals registered in the Madrid Health System Registry as of 31 December 2019, and followed them until 31 December 2022. Using a unique personal identifier, we linked the databases of primary care, hospitals, pharmacies, certified laboratories performing diagnostic tests, vaccines, and mortality. Results Of 6 833 423 individuals, 21.4% had a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis, and 1.5% had a COVID-19 hospitalization (primary diagnosis). Thirty-day mortality was 1.6% for confirmed COVID-19 (from 11.4% in first semester 2020 to 0.4% in first semester 2022). Thirty-day mortality was 10.8% for COVID-19 hospitalizations (from 14.0% in first semester 2020 to 6.0% in second semester 2022). There were 24 073 deaths within 30 days of a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis. Advanced age, male sex, higher socioeconomic deprivation, and comorbidities were associated with higher mortality. Conclusions By linking administrative and clinical databases, we characterized the burden of the COVID-19 pandemic in Madrid over 3 years. Our analysis proposes a high-level framework for comparisons of the burden of COVID-19 across areas worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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27. Conflictos armados y crímenes de lesa humanidad. ¿Por qué persisten?

Author

Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Enfermería Comunitaria, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública e Historia de la Ciencia, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Psicología de la Salud, Alguacil, Juan, Negrín, Miguel Ángel, Bermúdez-Tamayo, Clara, Cantarero, David, Carrasco Portiño, Mercedes, Casino, Gonzalo, García Calvente, María del Mar, Hernán, Mariano, Posenato García, Leila, Ruiz-Cantero, María Teresa, Segura, Andreu, Gullón, Pedro, Juárez, Lucero, Errea, María, March, Joan Carles, Marcos-Marcos, Jorge, Mar, Javier, Peiró Pérez, Rosana, Peiró, Salvador, Álvarez-Dardet, Carlos, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Enfermería Comunitaria, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública e Historia de la Ciencia, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Psicología de la Salud, Alguacil, Juan, Negrín, Miguel Ángel, Bermúdez-Tamayo, Clara, Cantarero, David, Carrasco Portiño, Mercedes, Casino, Gonzalo, García Calvente, María del Mar, Hernán, Mariano, Posenato García, Leila, Ruiz-Cantero, María Teresa, Segura, Andreu, Gullón, Pedro, Juárez, Lucero, Errea, María, March, Joan Carles, Marcos-Marcos, Jorge, Mar, Javier, Peiró Pérez, Rosana, Peiró, Salvador, and Álvarez-Dardet, Carlos

Published
2023

28. Trends and determinants of social inequities in cardiovascular risk factors in Spain: a mixed-methods study

Author

Enfermería, Sociología y trabajo social, Erizaintza, Soziologia eta gizarte langintza, Díez, Julia, Taulet, Guillermo, Fontán Vela, Mario, González Rábago, Yolanda, Cereijo, Luis, Sandín Vázquez, María, Rodríguez Álvarez, María Elena, Franco, Manuel, Borrell, Carme, Bilal, Usama, Gullón, Pedro, Enfermería, Sociología y trabajo social, Erizaintza, Soziologia eta gizarte langintza, Díez, Julia, Taulet, Guillermo, Fontán Vela, Mario, González Rábago, Yolanda, Cereijo, Luis, Sandín Vázquez, María, Rodríguez Álvarez, María Elena, Franco, Manuel, Borrell, Carme, Bilal, Usama, and Gullón, Pedro

Abstract

This sequential mixed-methods study aims to: 1) assess spatial and temporal trends in cardiovascular risk factors by socioeconomic position from 2001 to 2020 in Spain; 2) explore public health professionals’ perspectives regarding interventions that might have impacted these inequities; and 3) analyze determinants on social inequities in cardiovascular risk factors. First, we will measure the change in absolute and relative social inequities in eight cardiovascular risk factors through time trend analysis using repeated cross-sectional data from both National and European Health Surveys for Spain from 2001 to 2020. Second, we will interview key informants —both at the regional and national level—, to contextualize data obtained in phase 1 and capture the content and variation of policies across regions. Third, we will use econometric methods to analyze how these identified interventions have impacted these social inequities within and across regions.

Published
2023

29. Who benefits from green spaces? Surrounding greenness and incidence of cardiovascular disease in a population-based electronic medical records cohort in Madrid

Author

Fontán-Vela, Mario [0000-0001-7036-895X], Gullón, Pedro, Fontán-Vela, Mario, Díez, Julia, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark, Rojas-Rueda, David, Escobar, Francisco, Franco, Manuel, Fontán-Vela, Mario [0000-0001-7036-895X], Gullón, Pedro, Fontán-Vela, Mario, Díez, Julia, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark, Rojas-Rueda, David, Escobar, Francisco, and Franco, Manuel

Abstract

The objective was to study the association between surrounding greenness and the incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) with a four years follow-up in almost half a million high CVD-risk women and men, as well as its differential effect by area-level deprivation in Madrid. We analyzed 2015–2018 primary healthcare electronic medical records for 437,513 high CVD risk individuals representing more than 95% of the population of that age range residing in Madrid. The outcome variable was any cardiovascular event. We measured surrounding residence greenness at 200 m, 300 m, 500 m, and 1000 m through the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). We assessed socioeconomic deprivation through a census-based deprivation index. We estimated the 4-year relative risk of CVD by an increase in 0.1 units of NDVI and then stratified the models by quintiles of deprivation (Q5 the most deprived)., We found that for every increase in 0.1 units of NDVI at 1000 m there was a 16% decrease in CVD risk (RR = 0.84 95% CI 0.75–0.94). CVD risk for the remaining distance exposures (at 200 m, 300 m, and 500 m) were none statistically significant. In general, the protective effect of green spaces was present in medium-deprivation areas and males, but the associations were inconsistent across deprivation levels. This study highlights the relevance of evaluating the interaction between physical and social urban components to further understand possible population prevention approaches for cardiovascular diseases. Future studies should focus on the mechanisms of context-specific interactions between social inequalities and green spaces' effects on health.

Published
2023

32. Conflictos armados y crímenes de lesa humanidad. ¿Por qué persisten?

Author

Alguacil, Juan, primary, Negrín-Hernández, Miguel, additional, Bermúdez-Tamayo, Clara, additional, Cantarero, David, additional, Carrasco-Portiño, Mercedes, additional, Casino, Gonzalo, additional, García-Calvente, Mar, additional, Hernán, Mariano, additional, Posenato-García, Leila, additional, Ruíz-Cantero, María Teresa, additional, Segura, Andreu, additional, Gullón, Pedro, additional, Juárez, Lucero, additional, Errea, María, additional, March, Joan Carles, additional, Marcos-Marcos, Jorge, additional, Mar, Javier, additional, Peiró, Rosanna, additional, Peiró, Salvador, additional, and Álvarez-Dardet, Carlos, additional

Published
2023
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36. Diet Quality Changes by Educational Level among Adults in Spain from 2017 to 2021

Author

Romero, Isabel, Díez, Julia, Cura, Isabel Del, Franco, Manuel, Gullón, Pedro, and Group, on behalf of the Heart Healthy Hoods Study Group on behalf of the Heart Healthy Hoods Study

Subjects
education, Nutrition and Dietetics, Spain, longitudinal study, adults, health inequalities, cohort, diet, Food Science
Abstract

Despite increasing attention on addressing socioeconomic disparities in diet quality, longitudinal studies are scarce. Furthermore, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on diet-related outcomes are yet to be fully understood. We examined changes in diet quality by educational level among adults in Madrid, Spain. We used data from recruitment (in 2017) and from 2021. At baseline, our sample included 1358 adults aged 40–75 years who were free of cardiovascular disease and completed a validated diet quality screener. Of them, 931 answered the survey in the follow-up visit in 2021. We used participants' diet quality index scores (range: 18–54; higher scores indicate better diet quality) as the dependent variable. As our independent variable, we assessed participants’ educational levels (low, medium, and high). We fitted a multinomial regression using the categories of educational level as the main predictor, adjusting for age, sex, country of origin, and household composition. During the study period, 78.0% of participants sustained their diet quality, 11.6% improved it, and 10.4% moved away from a healthier dietary pattern. In descriptive analyses, we observed an increase in diet quality among less-educated females. Unadjusted multinomial models showed that a lower educational level predicted both increases and decreases in diet quality over the period. Even though the median diet quality scores did not change significantly, we observed heterogeneous changes over the four years. Variability within diet, with some improving and some worsening, seems to have increased among participants with lower educational levels. Future studies should look at the determinants of change in these population subgroups.

Published
2023

37. La Salud Pública y la Administración Sanitaria ante la pandemia de COVID-19. Informe SESPAS 2022

Author

Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Enfermería Comunitaria, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública e Historia de la Ciencia, Gullón, Pedro, Lumbreras, Blanca, Sánchez-Martínez, Fernando-Ignacio, De Montalvo Jaaskelainen, Federico, Ruiz-Cantero, María Teresa, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Enfermería Comunitaria, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública e Historia de la Ciencia, Gullón, Pedro, Lumbreras, Blanca, Sánchez-Martínez, Fernando-Ignacio, De Montalvo Jaaskelainen, Federico, and Ruiz-Cantero, María Teresa

Published
2022

38. Cumulative COVID-19 incidence indicators should account for the population-at-risk dynamics

Author

Generalitat de Catalunya, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Ayuntamiento de Barcelona, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Commission, Comunidad de Madrid, Masjuan, Pere, Trias-Llimós, Sergi, Rojas, Camilo, Prakash, Arul, Gullón, Pedro, Tobías, Aurelio, López-Gay, Antonio, Generalitat de Catalunya, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Ayuntamiento de Barcelona, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Commission, Comunidad de Madrid, Masjuan, Pere, Trias-Llimós, Sergi, Rojas, Camilo, Prakash, Arul, Gullón, Pedro, Tobías, Aurelio, and López-Gay, Antonio

Abstract

Risk estimators for COVID-19 propagation based on the incidence rate of new cases can be misleading as they usually fail to account for the fraction of population immunized by infection or vaccination.This misconception yields different incidence rates, as we illustrate using the daily number of COVID-19 reported cases in Spain during the pre-vaccine period, between 15/01/2020 and 11/07/2021. An increase in the incidence rate of about 7% is found when properly accounting for the population at risk. Our results demonstrate that accounting for dynamic changes to the immunized fraction of the population is necessary for accurate risk estimation. We hope that our findings can lead to more effective strategies for pandemic response.

Published
2022

45. Competencias para Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública: propuestas tras un proceso comparativo y participativo

Author

González-Rubio, Raquel, primary, Latasa Zamalloa, Pello, additional, Aginagalde Llorente, Adrian Hugo, additional, Peremiquel-Trillas, Paula, additional, Ruiz-Montero, Rafael, additional, Gullón, Pedro, additional, García Diez, Marta, additional, Reques Sastre, Laura, additional, González-Rubio, Raquel, additional, Efrain Pantoja Bustillos, Percy, additional, Velasco Muñoz, César, additional, Iniesta Mármol, Carlos, additional, Aguilera Mellado, José Antonio, additional, and Ojeda-Ruiz, Elena, additional

Published
2021
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