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Background: We aimed to analyze the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and the endoscopic diagnoses in dyspeptic patients presenting to the only tertiary care hospital in Somalia. Methods: This study was a retrospective study based on the data of adult (age ≥ 18 years) patients referred to our center for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy due to dyspepsia between November 2021 and April 2022. Demographic data, histopathological diagnoses, the presence or absence of H. pylori infection, and the correlation between H. pylori infection and endoscopic diagnoses were analyzed. Results: Overall, 634 patients were included. Among these, 363 (57.3%) were male and 271 (42.7%) were female, and the mean age was (standard deviation) 45.42 (±15.71). The H. pylori infection was detected in 299 (47.2%) patients. It was more common in males than females (57.1% vs. 42.9%) and aged between 31 and 45 years (37%). Gastritis was the most common endoscopic diagnosis (n = 184, 29%), followed by duodenal ulcer (n = 145, 22.9%) and gastric ulcer (n = 89, 14%). The least common diagnosis was gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) (n = 10, 1.6%). There was a strong correlation between H. pylori infection and gastritis (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.494–3.006, odds ratio [OR]: 2.119, P < 0.00005). However, H. pylori infection was also correlated with duodenal ulcer (95% CI: 1.123–2.371, OR: 1.631, P < 0.010), gastric cancer (95% CI: 2.809–14.646, OR: 6.414, P < 0.001), gastric ulcer (95% CI: 2.792–7.995, OR: 4.725, P < 0.005), and GIST (95% CI: 1.305–82.306, OR: 10.366, P < 0.027). Conclusion: H. pylori infection was found to be associated with gastritis duodenal ulcer, gastric cancer, gastric ulcer, and GIST. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The etiopathogenesis of ADHD involves genetic, environmental, psychological, and brain structural variables. Inflammation is one ADHD etiology study field. Galectin-3 may enhance inflammation by inhibiting the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). This study examined the link between blood galectin-3 concentrations and ADHD severity and levels in children with ADHD. Methods: The clinic treated 34 first-time ADHD patients aged 5.2-14.1. Non-psychotropic first-time diagnoses were chosen. Patients were compared to 21 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. After a paediatrician exam, a psychiatrist screens healthy controls for mental illness using the Schedule for Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia in School- Age Children, Now and Lifetime Version-DSM-5 (K-SADS-PL-DSM-5). Conners' Parent Rating Scale (CPRS) and Conners' Teacher Rating Scale( CTRS) were used for diagnosis by a child and adolescent psychiatrist. Results: Mean serum galectin-3 levels were compared between ADHD group and control groups. Serum galectin-3 level was 428.6 (SD±194.4) in the ADHD group and 183.7 ng/ml (SD±49.6) in the control group. ADHD group is found to have statistically significantly higher galectin-3 concentrations when compared to the control group (z=-5.15, p<.001). Conclusion: In our study, it was found that serum galectin-3 levels were higher in children with ADHD and there was a significant correlation between ADHD severity and serum galectin-3 levels. Based on these findings, it is thought that galectin-3 may be associated with the etiopathogenesis of ADHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The infantile intestinal obstruction associated with situs inversus totalis and polysplenia is extremely rare, with only a few cases reported in the literature. Furthermore, the management of this association is complicated. We report a case of a 2-month-old boy with intestinal obstruction due to malrotation and volvulus with thin translucent omentum sac encasing the small intestine associated with situs inversus totalis, polysplenia, and pulmonary hypertension. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of situs inversus totalis with polysplenia, pulmonary hypertension, and intestinal obstruction due to malrotation and volvulus with thin translucent omentum sac encasing the small intestine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Penetrating or blunt traumas can rarely lead to renal artery pseudoaneurysms (RAPs). Renal parenchymal lacerations usually accompany them, and nephrectomy is performed in these cases. Although angioembolization of the renal artery can negate the need for nephrectomy while treating the RAP, it is not a nephron-sparing procedure. Herein, we present a case of isolated (i.e. without accompanying renal laceration) left RAP. During conservative follow-up, the RAP enlarged, and subsequently, it was treated by renal artery stent insertion. An expandable covered stent was used during this procedure. The renal function was preserved without experiencing any complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a study that investigated in rats the incidence and time course of bacterial translocation after partial hepatectomy during ischemia and reperfusion. Effect of hepatic resection under ischemia and reperfusion on plasma endotoxin concentration; Serum levels of tumor necrosis; Spectrum of enteric bacterial translocation.