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Objectives: In gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), malignancy potential is determined by the prognostic disease risk stratification based on mitosis, tumor size, and location. Phosphohistone H3 (PHH3) is an immunohistochemical marker showing mitotic activity in cells. In this study, we aimed to evaluate mitosis in GIST with PHH3, compare the results with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stained slides, and examine its relationship with other prognostic data. Methods: Clinicopathological findings and survival were determined in GIST cases diagnosed between 2006 and 2017. The prognostic risk score was calculated according HE- and PHH3-based mitosis. The cases were classified as Group I: HE + and PHH3 + and Group II: HE + and PHH3-. They were also grouped as those diagnosed before and after 2012 and the staining results of HE and PHH3 were re-analyzed. Results: Ninety-eight cases were included in the study. Mitosis was detected with both HE and PHH3 in 63.3% of the cases (62/98 cases) (Group I) while in 36.7% of cases, it was detected with HE but not with PHH3 (Group II). In only two cases, the risk score changed with PHH3 (very low → intermedier grade). The ratio of HE + and PHH3 + cases in 2012 and after was significantly higher than HE + and PHH3 -- cases. A statistically significant relation was found between HE- and PHH3-based risk scores (p<0.05). There was a significant difference between HE-based risk score groups in terms of survival (p<0.05), while no difference was observed between the PHH3-based risk score groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: In GIST cases, PHH3 can be used to determine mitosis in more recent blocks, taking into account the technical conditions of the laboratory, but it does not seem to be superior to mitosis detected by HE. Research should continue on new survival determinants for GIST. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The purpose of the present study of ours was to examine the relation of Ki67 and PTEN expression with the prognosis in the pathologies of patients who undergo gastrointestinal stromal tumor surgery in our clinic. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors; In addition to being small incidental tumors; can be tumors with large size and malignant behavior. For this reason, the relation of a great number of macroscopic and microscopic parameters with prognosis was examined. The diameter, location and mitotic index of the tumor rank the first among these parameters; however, several pathological parameters like PTEN and Ki67 expression are also important. Material and Methods: The present study was conducted between January 2005 and April 2015 with patients diagnosed with gastrointestinal stromal tumors. The demographic data (age and gender), tumor localizations, tumor sizes, mitotic activities, prognostic risk classification, follow-up times, PTEN expressions, Ki67 proliferation indices, relapse and metastasis status, and survival data of the patients were examined retrospectively. Results: A total of 76 patients were included in the present study. A total of 33 (43.4%) of the participants were women, and the average age was 59.7±11.7 years. The relations of PTEN with risk scores (p=0.330), tumor diameter (p=0.360), location (p=0.169), and mitosis count (p=0.579) were not significant. The relation of PTEN staining rate with relapse (p=0.832), metastasis (p=0.626) and survival (p=0.069) was not found to be statistically significant. The relation of Ki67 expression with risk scoring (p=0.018) and mitosis count (p=0.003) was significant. Although the relation between Ki67 and relapse (p=0.019) and metastasis (p=0.003) was significant, the relation between survival (p=0.655) was not significant at a statistical level. Conclusion: The Ki67 expression was a prognosis-indicating index for relapse and metastasis when the baseline value was taken as 5%; however, no relation was detected between PTEN expression and prog [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ankaferd Blood Stopper® (ABS) is a folkloric medicinal plant extract used as a hemostatic agent in traditional Turkish medicine. This experimental study investigated the histopathological and immunohistochemical effects of ABS on vascular tissue in a rat model of aortic bleeding. Methods: Four groups of 11 Wistar albino rats were used. The abdominal aortas of the rats were wounded; an ABS-soaked tampon was applied to rats in Groups 1 and 3, and a plain gauze tampon was applied to rats in Groups 2 and 4 until the bleeding stopped. The bleeding time was recorded. Immediately following sacrificing, the arteriotomy sites from Groups 1 and 2 were removed. The abdominal incisions in Groups 3 and 4 were closed following hemostasis. On Day 7 of the study, Group 3 and 4 rats were sacrificed and the abdominal aorta arteriotomy sites were removed for histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation. Results: The mean bleeding time in 15 animals in Groups 2 and 4 was 4.9 ± 0.6 s, and in 22 animals in Groups 1 and 3 was 3.1 ± 0.6 s. Distal aortic occlusion was not observed on either Day 1 or 7 in any group. Significantly more widespread and dense endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) staining was observed in Group 1 animals than Group 2. On Days 1 and 7 after application of ABS, histopathological changes, consisting of necrosis, inflammation, and endothelial cell loss, in the rat abdominal aortas did not differ between Groups 1 and 2. The basophilic discoloration in the ABS group on the operation day was a result of a foreign body reaction and hemosiderin-loaded histiocyte accumulation, which occurred on Day 7. Conclusions: In this study, hemostasis was successfully achieved with ABS in rat abdominal aortas. No histopathological change was found in the rat abdominal aortas between the ABS and control groups on Days 1 and 7. Further studies on the long-term effects of foreign body reactions and hemosiderin-loaded histiocyte accumulation are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: In gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), malignancy potential is determined by the prognostic disease risk stratification based on mitosis, tumor size, and location. Phosphohistone H3 (PHH3) is an immunohistochemical marker showing mitotic activity in cells. In this study, we aimed to evaluate mitosis in GIST with PHH3, compare the results with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) stained slides, and examine its relationship with other prognostic data., Methods: Clinicopathological findings and survival were determined in GIST cases diagnosed between 2006 and 2017. The prognostic risk score was calculated according HE- and PHH3-based mitosis. The cases were classified as Group I: HE + and PHH3 + and Group II: HE + and PHH3-. They were also grouped as those diagnosed before and after 2012 and the staining results of HE and PHH3 were re-analyzed., Results: Ninety-eight cases were included in the study. Mitosis was detected with both HE and PHH3 in 63.3% of the cases (62/98 cases) (Group I) while in 36.7% of cases, it was detected with HE but not with PHH3 (Group II). In only two cases, the risk score changed with PHH3 (very low → intermedier grade). The ratio of HE + and PHH3 + cases in 2012 and after was significantly higher than HE + and PHH3 - cases. A statistically significant relation was found between HE- and PHH3-based risk scores (p<0.05). There was a significant difference between HE-based risk score groups in terms of survival (p<0.05), while no difference was observed between the PHH3-based risk score groups (p>0.05)., Conclusion: In GIST cases, PHH3 can be used to determine mitosis in more recent blocks, taking into account the technical conditions of the laboratory, but it does not seem to be superior to mitosis detected by HE. Research should continue on new survival determinants for GIST., Competing Interests: None declared., (© Copyright 2022 by The Medical Bulletin of Sisli Etfal Hospital.)

Background: In this study, we aimed to detect Succinate Dehydrogenase Complex Iron Sulfur Subunit B (SDHB) frequency in paragangliomas and pheochromocytomas (PPGL) with immunohistochemistry; compare with Pheochromacytoma of the Adrenal Gland Scaled Score (PASS) classification and analyse the differences between pheochromocytoma (Pheo), head-neck paragangliomas (HNPGL) and thoraco-abdominal-pelvic paraganglioma (TAPPGL) sub-groups., Methods: A total 114 PPGL cases (73 HNPGL, 15 TAPPGL and 27 Pheo belonging to 112 cases) are included. Immunohistochemically, SDHB and Ki-67 are investigated and malignancy risks are determined by PASS classification. Results are assessed statistically with chi-square test and p <0,01 is considered significant., Results: SDHB mutations are observed in 20 of 114 (17.54 %) PPGL cases, 3 (11,12%) of which is Pheo, 12 (16,44) is HNPGL, and 5 (35,71%) is TAPPGL (P <0,02). While 15/82 (18,29%) cases with SDHB mutations do not have a malignancy potential according to PASS classification, 5/32 (15,63%) cases has (p=0,73). TAPPGL, HNPGL and Pheo sub-groups have a significant difference between SDHB expression (p <0,02), malignancy potential according to PASS classification (p <0,0001) and Ki-67 proliferation index (p <0,0001)., Conclusion: To identify patients for molecular pathological examination, routine application of SDHB immunohistochemistry to PPGL tumors are suggested especially in HNPGLs.

Extramedullary myeloma, a subgroup of multiple myeloma, is a rare condition characterised by extra-skeletal infiltration of clonal plasma cells. Although parathyroid adenoma's co-morbidity with multiple myeloma is common, extramedullary myeloma, an ectopic parathyroid adenoma has not been reported in the literature. This is the first study in literature that presents extramedullary myeloma that infiltrated ectopic parathyroid adenoma in the mediastinum after multiple myeloma treatment. In its course of relapse, the extramedullary myeloma created mass effect and no laboratory findings were present due to its non-secretory nature.