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International audience; Mooring systems of offshore wind turbines have to be designed to resist cyclic tension and bending. In order to take into account bending for the computation of the fatigue damage, local phenomena of fretting have to be properly predicted by means of a new numerical model.

International audience; The extended finite element method (X-FEM) has been developed to minimize requirements on the mesh design in a problem with a displacement discontinuity. This advantage, however, still remains limited to the small deformation hypothesis when considering sliding discontinuities. The approach presented in this paper proposes to couple X-FEM with a Lagrangian large sliding frictionless contact algorithm. A new hybrid X-FEM contact element was developed with a contact search algorithm allowing for all update of contacting surfaces pairing. The stability of the contact formulation is ensured by an algorithm for fulfilling Ladyzhenskaya-Babuska-Brezzi (LBB) condition. Several 2D simple examples are presented in this paper in order to prove its efficiency and stability.

This paper illustrates the use of life cycle assessment (LCA) methods to link human wellbeing to resource consumption. Based on a previously developed framework of the material requirements for human well-being, we use LCA and Input-Output (I/O) analysis, as appropriate, to estimate the life-cycle energy needed to meet the gap in living standards in two emerging economies, India and Brazil. We illustrate the relative contribution of different living standards components to energy requirements, as well as the uncertainty and trade-offs between upfront and long-term operating energy costs, and how these factors differ in the two countries. This analysis provides insights on how LCA analysis can be used to inform energy planning and its links to development goals.