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SummaryCtenium bennae Xanthos is described and illustrated as the only rheophytic species in the genus. The new species is known from a single waterfall on the Benna Plateau, at the border between Forecariah and Kindia Prefectures in Guinea Conakry. Ctenium bennae is here assessed as Near Threatened according to the categories and criteria of IUCN.

« Biologie sans Frontières » (BSF) is a non-governmental organisation whose mission is to develop medical biology where it is most needed, particularly in French-speaking Africa. In Guinea Conakry, with Fondation Mérieux and the Guinean Ministry of Health, BSF is in charge of training "trainers/teachers" of technicians. This training will take place at the National Health School of Kindia, a school that has been completely rehabilitated and re-equipped thanks to the support of Fondation Mérieux. This project is supported by the French Development Agency. BSF has an in-depth knowledge of the local needs in medical biology training. After an audit carried out by two BSF members, the findings were alarming: these trainers had no experience in medical biology and their theoretical knowledge was still of low level. Three training courses were then provided by BSF, the first in biochemistry, sero-immunology and immuno-hematology, the second in cyto-hematology and the last one in bacteriology-parasitology. The basic techniques have been acquired, the "student trainers" have shown great assiduity, but the level remains fragile and will require new training, which is essential to help these future teachers to provide structured, functional and above all useful practical work adapted to local practices and needs.

The Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa claimed more than 11,000 lives between 2013-2016. The source is believed to have been a single infection of a small boy, caused by contact with a bat. A huge international effort was mobilized to stem the spread of the disease. However, these efforts were hampered by a strong and sometimes violent resistance against the relief workers. This article focuses on the resistance in Guinea, arguing that the resistance was fueled by conspiracy theories, often originating in urban centers and communicated via social media. The conspiracy theories then merged with local sorcery beliefs, producing narratives in which Ebola relief workers and local politicians were presented as implicated in a sinister occult plot.

أدرکت الولايات المتحدة الأمريکية الأهمية الحيوية للقارة الأفريقية، وما سيکون لها من دور في مصائر نظام الرأسمالية العالمي، ولهذا أخذت على عاتقها وضع دراسة جدية لرسم سياستها تجاه دول القارة، بعد أن کانت سياستها مبنية على أساس نظرية ملء الفراغ. لذا بين البحث الموقف الأمريکي من سياسة غينيا کوناکري تجاه غينيا بيساو 1958- 1974، لنثبت أن الموقف الأمريکي کان إلى جانب البرتغال، لکون الأخيرة أحد أهم حفائها في القارة الأفريقية منذ دخولها في حلف شمال الأطلسي North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NOT) في24 آب/اغسطس1949، من خلال دعمها استخباراتيا وعسکريا أثناء هجومها على غينيا کوناکري من جهة، وعدم افساح المجال- في ظل صراع حرب الباردة- للنفوذ السوفيتي بالتغلغل في القارة الأفريقية عموما وغربها خصوصا من جهة أخرى. Abstract: The United States of America has realized the vital importance of the African continent and its role in the fate of the global capitalist system, and that is why it has taken it upon itself to develop a serious study to draw its policy towards the countries of the continent. After its policy was based on the theory of filling the gap, the research showed the American position on politics Guinea- Bissau 1958-1974, to demonstrate that the American position was on the side of Portugal, The latter being one of its most important preserves on the African continent since its entry into North Atlantic Alliance (NOT) treaty organization on 14 August 2014, through its intelligence and military support during its attack on Guinea Conakry, on the one hand, and the lack of space- In light of the cold war conflict – for soviet influence penetration into the African continent in general and west, especially on the other side.

This paper discusses some of the Islamic virtues, the virtues of Islam and Muslims over other religions, heavenly and non-celestial, in the most important subjects of life, namely the social issues of marriage or marriage and its related matters. The good mind does not live happy without its solution, The women are happy only with the pair, and the creation and good cohabitation, so no sex is dispensed with the other not by participation, there is no proper way to do so except by marriage, and to choose French law as a case very import, because its source of Islamic law, the comparison between them is the most appropriate, and to make the state of Guinea Conakry a study, because it is a subsidiary or colony by French, and on the other side because it is among the Islamic countries, and the research aims to highlight the aesthetics of Islam, and the authenticity of authenticity that the Lord of the world, and French law in accordance with Islamic law in many of social issues, and that the state of Guinea Conakry follows the Islamic Sharia in many provisions of marriage, and the researcher has adopted the method of inductive and analytical and comparative, and the researcher's suggestions that the people of language are interested in translating the laws of the situation; because most or most of the Islamic law, balance and between the good and bad.

Perineal trauma is a non-surgical solution of continuity of posterior perineal committing under the effect of a violent exertion during childbirth. It occurs at the time of disengagement, either from the head or the posterior shoulder. Objectives: To calculate the perinea trauma during childbirth, describe the socio demographic profile of the women in childbed, identify contributory effects and appreciate the maternal prognostic. Methodology: It was a prospective study, descriptive type of 6 months (from May 19 to November 20, 2014). It took place at the maternity ward of Donka National Hospital. It concerned all received parturient, women in bed of a single fetus in the unit and having had a perineum traumatism. The real ones were epidemiologic, therapeutic clinical and prognostic. Results: We have recorded 110 perinea traumatism cases over 3496 childbirth let say a frequency of 3%. The socio demographic profile of the woman who did perinea traumatism was a teenager (42.7%), professional occupation (29.1%), married (88.2%), schooled, secondary and Technical level (42.7%), primary (70%) having had more than 3 prenatal consultations (73.6%). Contributory effects were: prim parity, young age, instrumental extraction by obstetrical forceps and the fetal weight between 2500 to 3999 g. Surgical management was (100%). The following were simple in 88.2% cases versus 11. 8% of complications. Conclusion: The reduction of this frequency requests systematical practice and corrects recentered prenatal consultations and the respect of episiotomy indications.

To analyze risk factors for the development of chronic gastritis in Conakry, Guinea, and to provide a basis for its prevention and control. A case group of patients who had a gastroscopy and a gastroscopy report at the Sino-German Friendship Hospital in Conakry from January 2019 to January 2020 was selected, while a control group of 107 patients with chronic lung diseases and other chronic diseases of the digestive system were selected. Factor logistic regression analysis of risk factors. The results show that chronic gastritis affects people aged 11 to 95 y, with the highest proportion of patients aged 18 to 30 y, 80 % of whom live in rural areas. The main risk factors for gastritis in the Conakry region of Guinea were a history of digestive problems, smoking for more than 10 y, fast eating, eating hot food at least once a week, and eating moldy food at least once a week. Protective factors against gastritis in Guinea Conakry are: regular diet. The adjusted population-attributable risk for the main risk factors for gastritis were a history of digestive problems 61.19 %, eating too fast 23.59 %, smoking for more than 10 y 26.60 %, eating hot food at least once a week 24.76 % and eating mouldy food at least once a week 6.87 %. The combined population-attributable risk for these factors was 79.07 %. A history of digestive disease, a smoking history of more than 10 y, fast food intake, hot food at least once a week and moldy food at least once a week were risk factors for the development of chronic gastritis in Guinea Conakry, and regular diet was a protective factor against the development of chronic gastritis in young and middle-aged patients in Guinea Conakry.

Background Perinatal mortality represents a major health care problem in particular in low and middle-income countries, which account for 97% of all late fetal and 98% of all neonatal deaths. Our objectif was to analyse perinatal morbidity and mortality at the largest maternity clinic of Guinea, in sub-Saharan Africa. Patients & Methods: Prospective observational evaluation of the perinatal morbidity and mortality between May 1st and June 30th 2019 at the Clinic of Obstetrics of the University Hospital Ignace Deen in Conakry, Guinea. Results Of the 1189 deliveries, 98 (82‰) fetus were born dead, 58.1% of them with signs of maceration. 14.1% of all infants had low birth weight ( 4000 g). The rate of preterm infants was 9.3% and 99 infants (8.3%) showed signs of post-maturity. At birth, 6.8% of all live born infants had asphyxia, 10.9% respiratory distress, 1.9% infection, 0.3% malformation, and nine infants died within the first postnatal minutes. Need for any resuscitation manoeuvres showed 304 infants (27.9%), 68.8% of them needed bag and mask ventilation and 27.0% chest compressions. Infants with bad Apgar score at 1 and 5 minutes did improve by 10 minutes thanks to respiratory support, but not due to chest compression. As there is no neonatal unit in the same hospital, 192 infants (17.6%) had to be transferred across Conakry to the only tertiary neonatal unit. Due to lack of any (para-)medical transport system for newborn infants, mortality of these neonates is very high and adds to the total perinatal mortality of 143.8 deaths/1000 deliveries. Conclusions Late pregnancy control is very poor in Conakry, leading to delayed referral of high-risk pregnancies to the university hospital. This goes along with high rates of stillbirths, post-term and macrosome infants with increased risk for delivery complications like postnatal adaptation problems and asphyxia. Resuscitation algorithm needs to be adapted to the local context. A hospital-based neonatal unit for primary stabilization and a medicalised neonatal transport system within Conakry needs to be implemented to decrease the high mortality rate.

Trichanthecium tenerium Xanthos, a new species from Guinea-Conakry, is described and illustrated. Trichanthecium tenerium is at present known only from two uninhabited sandstone table mountains in the Kounounkan Massif, Forecariah Prefecture. The species is assessed under the IUCN category Endangered. A key to the annual species of Trichanthecium is provided.

The chapter reflects on the role of technological innovations in producing socioeconomic change in ASGM, by comparing two West African cases. First, it describes the intensification of mining in the site of Tonso (in the Guinean region of Boure–Sieke, where alluvial mining has been practiced since precolonial times). Generated by the inflow of Burkinabe migrant miners, who brought with them the techniques to “deepen” underground mining and target hard-rock deposits, technological innovations challenged the existing prerogatives of traditional authorities and village committees over gold production, triggering a reconfiguration of their regulatory power. The second case presents the transformations produced by the diffusion of cyanide-based processing techniques in gold sites across western Burkina Faso. The increase in value of residues triggered new claims of ownership by different economic actors and profoundly changed the nature of in-kind and monetary exchange across the whole production chain. A final section discusses the notion of “technological frontier” and the social embeddedness of technological innovations, arguing for a specific attention on how innovations are reproduced and appropriated at the periphery.

Introduction : La qualite des soins mere-enfant reste un defi pour les pays a faible et moyen revenu. Les interventions de qualite qui permettent de reduire la mortalite maternelle et neonatale passent par des soins offerts par un personnel qualifie. L’objectif est de presenter les resultats de l’analyse de situation du personnel offrant les soins aux meres et nouveau-nes et de la qualite de leurs soins (technique, interpersonnelle, organisationnelle) en Guinee et au Togo.Methodes : Les donnees proviennent d’une etude de cas realisee au Togo et en Guinee. Les participants comprenaient : prestataires1, beneficiaires des soins, membres de la communaute. Les methodes incluaient : les observations de la pratique clinique des prestataires dans les formations sanitaires ; entretiens avec les beneficiaires, responsables d’institut sanitaire ou de formation et prestataires) ; et groupes focaux incluant les hommes, femmes, chefs communautaires et etudiants. L’analyse comprend qualitativement, le contenu des entrevues et focus groupes, et quantitativement, les scores de qualite.Resultats : L’etude a montre un niveau faible de qualite technique des soins, tous criteres confondus. La qualite non technique varie en fonction des etablissements de sante ainsi que de la qualification, du niveau d’experience, de la specialisation et de la formation de base des prestataires. L’accessibilite geographique et financiere, les capacites des prestataires, la continuite et l’etendue de leurs services sont des dimensions insatisfaisantes.Conclusion : Les recommandations ciblent le developpement de politiques pour : le renforcement des capacites des prestataires, les normes regissant leur pratique, l’organisation de l’environnement de travail.

Introduction: The use of psychoactive substances (PPS) is a public health problem for vulnerable populations, particularly women and those with mental disorders. Objectives: In this work, our objectives were to determine the frequency of mental disorders and consumption of psychoactive substances in women, to describe their socio-demographic profile, to identify the psychoactive substances consumed, to identify the different types of mental disorders and to describe the clinical aspects of mental disorders induced by the consumption of psychoactive substances in these women. Methodology: This was a retrospective study, of a descriptive type with a duration of 5 years (from 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2013). Data collection lasted three months. Included in this study were all records of hospitalized or outpatient patients in the Mental Disorders and Psychoactive Substance Use Service. Results: The incidence of mental disorders and psychoactive substance use was 10.51%. The age groups 20-29, 30-39 were the most represented are respectively 55.49%, 31.87% with an average age of 29.5 years and extremes of 10-49 years. Singles were the most affected with 91.76% of cases. The majority was in the informal sector and the secondary level was the most affected with 40.11%, 56.04%, respectively. The most commonly used psychoactive substances were cigarettes (3.30%) and alcohol (2.20%). The alcohol and cigarette association was the most frequent, 45.60%. Depression was the most prevalent type of disorder with 35.71%. Occasional consumption was the most common mode of consumption with 84.62%, followed by 15.38% of regular consumption or dependence. Conclusion: This retrospective study did not identify all aspects of women's psychoactive substance use, yet a general population survey could better capture the magnitude of this phenomenon.

Households have become one of the most crucial factors shaping the management of developments towards sustainability. However, for some nations, addressing such challenges appears to be too difficult. A lack of awareness and strong policies has led to the misuse of energy resources in Guinea. This provides us with grounds to assess the discourses on which the notion of efficiency is based on according to various actors who are attempting to affect household energy behaviour around the world. This study first attempts to improve household energy behaviour in Guinea-Conakry based on feedback from interest groups, authorities and energy companies. Our research is based on the results of a recently concluded pilot study conducted in Sweden. The outcomes of this pilot study will have some important implications in terms of enhancing household energy behaviours in Guinea-Conakry.

The aim of the research was to investigate the relationship between environmental pollution in Guinea Conakry and the levels of development as well as the assessment of climatic conditions as they influence pollution levels. In order to explore economic, social and cultural situations in Guinea, in-depth interviews were conducted and also face-to-face interviews were recorded. There were observations made in two extreme climatic conditions (dry season and rainy season) that have allowed inference to the impact of climatic conditions on pollution levels.

En 2014, la premiere epidemie massive de maladie a virus Ebola en Afrique de l’Ouest fut un evenement exceptionnel tant par son etendue et sa duree que par l’ampleur de l’engagement des organisations humanitaires, mais aussi du point de vue des populations guineennes qui tenterent de resister, parfois violemment, au dispositif de reponse a l’epidemie. A partir d’une ethnographie comparee de deux centres de traitement Ebola (Cte) mis en place par Medecins sans frontieres, nous rendrons compte de l’organisation des soins a l’interieur de ces centres et nous montrerons que les Cte partagent plusieurs points communs avec les multiples « formes-camp » qui peuplent le monde contemporain : la frontiere, la logique epidemiologique, le triage des populations et, enfin, la suppression de l’ethique ordinaire. C’est pourquoi l’experience d’Ebola revele en fait l’avenement d’un regime global de gouvernance de la sante qui s’inscrit dans un contexte postcolonial et renvoie les populations guineennes a l’histoire longue de leur relation au pouvoir caracterisee par la violence et l’extraction. Elle est aussi emblematique d’un gouvernement du monde qui conjugue biopolitique et necropolitique.

The clinical spectrum of Ebola virus disease (EVD) ranges from very serious forms with organ failure and death within days to paucisymptomatic forms and perhaps even asymptomatic. The authors propose a focus on the clinical manifestations of EVD, on prognosis and on therapeutic aspects (excluding resuscitation). This work extracts from the literature the main data gathered during the 2014-2015 epidemic that raged in Guinea Conakry and Sierra Leone. These two countries, even if they are separated by a border, are one and the same population base. The characteristics of the epidemic in Liberia have not been analyzed. The authors have treated EVD patients in the health workers treatment center of Conakry and enrich this work about their personal experience.

nemployment of graduates is a challenging problem in Africa, and it is aggravated by many factors such as population growth, mismatch between curriculum and employer needs, and lack of evidence-based policy making. In this context, the objectives of the present study are twofold. First, the aim is to identify key characteristics influencing labor market participation of graduates from agricultural higher education in Guinea. Second, the aim is to identify agricultural labor market needs in terms of skills and profiles desired by employers. Telephone surveys were administered to recent graduates from the main agricultural higher education institutions. The major findings from the analysis suggest that about one third of Guinean agricultural university graduates in the 2008-2013 period were employed in the formal sector in 2013-2014. Employment rates are lower for the technical schools. In terms of job creation prospects, key employers expect a doubling of hiring for positions requiring technical school or university training. Most of the projected growth is expected in the private sector. The results indicate that male graduates have a 7% higher probability of being employed as compared to female graduates in the aggregate analysis.

There has been a rising trend of insecurity and conflict dimensions in the West African region beginning from 2010. This has sparked concerns that such threats could derail hard-won economic gains and undermine future development in the region. This study employed a desk-review research approach with the reports and evaluations obtained from secondary sources of data analyzed through content analysis. This study found that even though drug trafficking is linked to security threats and conflict dimensions like terrorism, arms trafficking, money laundering, human trafficking, small arms and light weapons, drug-funded violence and other transnational criminal activities, the countries under comparison however share some differences and common feature of multiple layers of insecurity associated with conflicts and crime. The study therefore recommend that the Guinea-Bissau, Guinea-Conakry and Nigeria respectively should step up strategies that focuses on human security provisioning as a baseline for tacking insecurities generated by the drug trade.

Background: Gestational malaria remains a major public health problem in malarious areas. The objectives of this work were to describe the socio-demographic, clinical, paraclinical, therapeutic and prognostic characteristics of patients who developed severe malaria during pregnancy.Methods: It was a descriptive prospective study carried out in the maternity ward of Ratoma municipal medical center, which was carried out over a period of 6 months from 01 October 2018 to 31 March 2019. This study involved all pregnant women who had presented severe malaria according to WHO criteria.Results: The incidence of severe malaria during pregnancy was 7%. The average age of our patients was 22.4 years with extremes of 15 and 47 years. The symptomatology that motivated the consultation was variable, the most frequent signs were: hyperthermia (100%), headache (79%), vomiting (99%). The general examination at admission objectified a fever with an average temperature of 39°C with extremes of 38-40.4°C. All patients had a positive rapid diagnostic test (RDT) as well as their thicker drop. The hemogram revealed the existence of a more or less severe anemia in 89.9% of cases. All patients were treated with parenteral quinine (100%). Maternal lethality was 1.8%. After severe malaria, 70 patients (62.5%) carried their pregnancy to term and 40 delivered an eutrophic child (35.71%), 30 (26.78%) delivered a hypotrophic child, 20 (17.85%) had a spontaneous abortion, premature delivery was observed in 10 patients (8.9%), and fetal death in utero was observed in 12 patients (10.71%).Conclusions: All patients had received parenteral quinine curative therapy. Maternal and perinatal complications were common. To improve this prognosis, intermittent preventive treatment and the use of insecticide-treated nets, which are the most effective prevention method at this time, must be further promoted in anticipation of the much hoped-for vaccine.

Anthrax disease is an anthropozoonosis caused by a Gram-positive bacterium, Bacillus anthracis. Our objective was to describe the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic features of the 2014 epidemic in Koubia prefecture. This retrospective study examined all of the anthrax cases reported in Fafaya, Koubia Prefecture. In March and April 2014, there were 39 cases of human anthrax reported, for an incidence of 1.135%. The mean age was 20.9 (± 18.3) with a sex ratio of 2.54 (28/11) in favor of men. Seventy-six percent (23/39) were single. More than one half were students (53.8%). The main clinical signs were fever in 71, 8% (n = 28 /), papules 59% (n = 23), vesicles of 59% (n = 23) Digestive and cutaneous signs represented 35.9 % and 64.1% respectively; 35% had ingested contaminated meat and 17.95% were in direct contact with a sick animal. We didn't find any correlation between the mode of infection and onset of signs. The fatality rate was 28.21%. The 2014 epidemic of anthrax disease in the Koubia prefecture was marked by a high incidence and lethality. Clinical manifestations were cutaneaous and digestive. These results may serve further interventions to fight against anthrax disease. They should mainly focus on an awareness of peasants, surveillance and vaccination of cattle. Other studies seem to be necessary.

This article examines how contestation between political parties, politicians, and their supporters shaped Guinea's decolonization from 1945 to 1961. The last region to resist the rise of Sékou Touré's PDG, the Fulbe-dominated Futa Jallon – as both a political space and representation of Fulbe culture – was at the center of strategic and intellectual struggles over the shape of the postcolonial Guinean state and society. What resulted from contestation was the general belief that the Fulbe and the Futa Jallon were divergent from the rest of Guinea, a fragment in the making.

El Ébola es una enfermedad infecciosa viral altamente letal que puede ser producida por una de sus varias cepas, el 8 de agosto del 2014 la Organización Mundial de la Salud la declaró como una “emergencia de salud pública de interés internacional” debido al brote de la cepa Zaire que ha afectado a varios países de África occidental Guinea Conakry, Liberia, Sierra Leona, Malí y Nigeria, y que deja a enero de 2015 un saldo de más de 20.000 personas infectadas y al menos 8000 muertes. El presente artículo reflexiona sobre la situación actual de la epidemia, sus consecuencias particulares sobre el personal de atención en salud y su relación con los determinantes en salud de dichas poblaciones.

Este trabajo tiene el cometido general de presentar una investigación en curso que pretende contribuir a la mejora de la cooperación educativa internacional entre universidades públicas del mundo. Dado que la Dirección de Cooperación de la Universidad de La Laguna se creó en el año 2015, el problema de la investigación se centrará en la cooperación educativa internacional que se desarrolla desde dicho año hasta la actualidad entre la Universidad de la Laguna y las universidades públicas de nueve países del Noroeste africano: Sahara, Mali, Mauritania, Senegal, Gambia, Cabo Verde, Guinea Conakry, Guinea Bissau y Liberia. La investigación recientemente iniciada en el marco de una tesis doctoral, trata de enriquecer el vacío de conocimiento académico que existe en cuanto a la cooperación educativa internacional entre las universidades públicas del mundo y las universidades públicas africanas. De hecho, no se ha podido localizar ninguna tesis doctoral o investigación académica en esta materia. Las conclusiones de este proyecto pretenden generar una visión general de las circunstancias, condiciones y resultados de dichos acontecimientos, ayudando a incrementar la cooperación educativa internacional entre las universidades públicas del mundo y las universidades públicas africanas, colaborando a la mejora de la educación, al bienestar social, etc. Porque aunque las universidades públicas son entidades sin una autonomía ilimitada, poseen poderes independientes que les permiten cooperar entre ellas sin la intervención de los estados (Fielden, 2008). This study has the overall purpose of presenting a research in process, which pretends to improve the international educational cooperation between public universities of the world. As the Direction of Cooperation of the University of La Laguna was created in 2015. The research question will focus particularly on the international educational cooperation, from 2015 until now between the University of La Laguna and the public universities of nine countries of North West Africa: Sahara, Mali, Mauritania, Senegal, Gambia, Cape Verde, Guinea Conakry, Guinea Bissau y Liberia. This research recently started in the framework of a doctoral thesis, and it pretends to fill the gap of academic knowledge which exists on international educational cooperation between public universities of the world and public African universities. As it could not be found any PhD thesis or academic research on this matter. The conclusion of this project is expected to provide a general view of the circumstances, conditions and results of these processes. In addition, this knowledge can help to increase the international educational cooperation between public universities of the world and public African universities to impulse education, employment, health, nourishment, wealth, etc. As public universities are entities with no unlimited autonomy but with independent powers. Also, they can cooperate without the intervention of states (Fielden, 2008).

There is now a burgeoning body of literature which examines the impacts of Ebola in Guinea Conakry, Liberia and Sierra Leone. This analysis, however, has focused predominantly on health issues, emergency preparedness and the international response in all three countries. At the same time, it has grossly overlooked the social and economic impacts of the epidemic. Central to this discussion is the state of alluvial diamond mining, a centrepiece of the rural economies of all three countries. This paper draws attention to this much-neglected area in the policy dialogue on Ebola in West Africa, and identifies priority areas for research moving forward.

Molecular drug susceptibility testing was performed on skin biopsies from 24 leprosy patients from Guinea-Conakry for the first time. We identified primary drug resistance in 4 cases and a dapsone-resistant cluster caused by the same strain. Primary transmission of drug-resistant Mycobacterium leprae, including a rifampicin-resistant strain, is reported.

Guinea-Conakry has one of the highest plant diversities in Sub-Saharan West Africa and is part of the Upper Guinean Forest ecoregion and the Guinean Forests of West Africa biodiversity hotspot. Guinea is a major supplier of the world’s bauxite and has significant reserves of high grade iron ore, it also has small reserves of diamonds, gold and uranium. As a result large areas of open cast mining exist in the country and pressure on habitats and vegetation are increasing with the need to bring revenue into the country; this is in addition to unsustainable slash and burn agriculture and a growing population. An initial list of 482 species was compiled from Lisowski’s Flore (Angiospermes) de la République de Guinée, subsequent discussion and screening reduced the list to 253. This list has since increased, through new species and range extensions, to 270 which is presented here. It is estimated that c. 7-8% of the countries flora is threatened. Rediscoveries and new species are being made in Guinea, but they are often already threatened having been discovered as part of Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs). A comprehensive red list of threatened species is much needed to support the country’s environmental policy as well as their international obligations. Data gathering for a Red Data Book for Guinea has been ongoing for several years and is due to be published in 2019.

Nowadays, environmental considerations are highly integrated into official development assistance process. Climate change mitigation is one the most noticeable. Whatever the process (bilateral or multilateral level), funders are working in keeping with Paris Agreement originating from the COP21. Here, we studied the specific integration of climate change mitigation goal in one of the 11th European development fund programme concerning the solid waste management sector in Conakry, the capital city of Guinea. This study shows that, in a preliminary stage, this goal is already integrated from a financial and technological angle. We can also notice the potential convergence of two objectives: climate change mitigation and inclusive growth. However, a high gap between goal setting and their implementation can be observed.; Les processus d’attribution d’aide publique au développement se situent aujourd’hui dans un contexte où l’importance accordée aux préoccupations environnementales est grandissante. L’objectif d’atténuation des changements climatiques est particulièrement visé. Quelle que soit la voie d’attribution (bilatérale ou multilatérale), les multiples bailleurs de fonds se positionnent aujourd’hui dans la continuité de l’Accord de Paris émanant de la COP21. En s’appuyant sur le cas de la filière de gestion des déchets solides dans la capitale de la Guinée, Conakry, il s’agissait ici d’appréhender spécifiquement l’insertion de l’objectif d’atténuation des changements climatiques dans le processus d’attribution du 11e Fonds européen de développement. Au stade d’étude préliminaire, on s’aperçoit que cet objectif occupe déjà une place importante, que ce soit d’un point de vue financier comme technologique. On observe également la potentielle convergence entre les objectifs d’atténuation des changements climatiques et de croissance économique inclusive. Cependant, l’écart entre la définition des objectifs de l’aide publique au développement et leur mise en œuvre effective peut s’avérer être considérable.

The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiologic, etiologic, and therapeutic aspects of open wounds of the Achilles tendon managed in the Donka University Hospital. This 3-year prospective included all patients admitted for an Achilles tendon injury. Closed injuries, suppurating wounds, and those that occurred more than 24 hours before admission were excluded. Surgical treatment consisted in debridement and tendon repair, with plaster cast protection for 6 weeks. The study included 36 patients with a mean age of 23.4 years, 29 of whom were male. The primary cause was traffic accidents (n = 21), mainly due to motorcycle taxis (n = 18). The mean follow-up was 9 months. Infection (7 cases) and skin necrosis (5 cases) were the main postoperative complications. The functional result, evaluated by the McComis score, was excellent in 20 cases, good or satisfactory in 10, and poor in 6 cases. Open injuries of the Achilles tendon are common in Guinea-Conakry and mostly due to motorcycle taxis. Outcome of surgical treatment depends on the severity of the injury. Infection and skin necrosis are frequent complications, and their management is challenging in this setting.

International audience; In 2014, West Africa was hit by the first large-scale outbreak of the Ebola virus epidemic. The event was widely recognized as exceptional, not only for how rapidly it spread, how long it lasted, and the scale of the humanitarian response but also, from the point of view of people in Guinea, for the attempt to resist, sometimes violently, the means used to respond to it. Our comparative ethnographic study of two Ebola Treatment Centres (Etc) set up by Doctors Without Borders in Guinea will detail how care was set up and organized. We will show that Etcs have several traits in common with the « camp-forms » that inhabit the contemporary world : border regions, epidemiological reasoning, the triage of populations and finally, the suppression of ordinary ethics. This is why the Ebola experience actually reveals the coming of a regime of global health governance inscribed within a postcolonial context that has populations in Guinea revisit their long historical relation to power characterized by violence and extraction. It is also emblematic of a world government that conjugates bio-politics with necro-politics.; En 2014, la première épidémie massive de maladie à virus Ebola en Afrique de l’Ouest fut un événement exceptionnel tant par son étendue et sa durée que par l’ampleur de l’engagement des organisations humanitaires, mais aussi du point de vue des populations guinéennes qui tentèrent de résister, parfois violemment, au dispositif de réponse à l’épidémie. À partir d’une ethnographie comparée de deux centres de traitement Ebola (Cte) mis en place par Médecins sans frontières, nous rendrons compte de l’organisation des soins à l’intérieur de ces centres et nous montrerons que les Cte partagent plusieurs points communs avec les multiples « formes-camp » qui peuplent le monde contemporain : la frontière, la logique épidémiologique, le triage des populations et, enfin, la suppression de l’éthique ordinaire. C’est pourquoi l’expérience d’Ebola révèle en fait l’avènement d’un régime global de gouvernance de la santé qui s’inscrit dans un contexte postcolonial et renvoie les populations guinéennes à l’histoire longue de leur relation au pouvoir caractérisée par la violence et l’extraction. Elle est aussi emblématique d’un gouvernement du monde qui conjugue biopolitique et nécropolitique.

The objectives of this study were to calculate the frequency of ectopic pregnancy in the department, define its epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic aspects, and determine a clear therapeutic approach appropriate to our setting. In this prospective study, we compiled all cases of ectopic pregnancy seen in 2011 and 2012 in the obstetrics-gynecology department at Ignace Deen University Hospital in Conakry. Ectopic pregnancies represented 1.3% of all deliveries over this period. In the 111 cases in this population, women aged 30-34 years accounted for 31.5%, those pregnant for the first time 40.5%, nulliparous women 35.1%, married women 72.1%, those without schooling 43.2%), and those with a history of sexually transmitted infection 57.6% (these categories are not exclusive, and the same women may be included in several). Secondary amenorrhea with abdominopelvic pain and metrorrhagia was the reason for admission in 56.5% of cases. Ultrasound in early pregnancy is infrequent in Conakry. Almost all of our patients underwent emergency surgery (80.2%) More than half of the ectopic pregnancies were located in the ampulla of the uterine tubes (73.0%). There were three abdominal pregnancies and 2 ovarian. In all cases the treatment was surgical, most often salpingectomy. Postoperative complications occurred in 35.1% of cases, most often anemia (27.9% of all cases) requiring blood transfusion in 11.7% of all cases before, during, or after surgery. The maternal death rate was 1.8%. Ectopic pregnancy remains a major concern at Ignace Deen CHU. Reduction of its frequency requires increased population awareness of sexually transmitted infections and illegal abortions. Management should be prompt and appropriate.

Background: Prevalence studies are still rare in sub-Saharan Africa on perineal tears. We conducted this cross-sectional study in a communal hospital in Guinea-Conakry, with the objective of this study was to determining the prevalence and characteristics of post-obstetric perineal lesions.Methods: All deliveries between March 1st and August 31st, 2014 were reviewed. We included in the analysis all the single deliveries with perineal tears. The Anglo-Saxon classification of perineal tears was used.Results: The prevalence of perineal tears was 5.7% with 5.4% benign lesions and 0.3% severe lesions. We did not register 4th degree lesions. The average age of parturient was 22 years. The majority (96.6%) of parturient had a history of genital mutilation and perineal scarring (60.3%).Conclusions: This prevalence appear low compared to those reported in other studies in Africa and point to the need for more sophisticated studies to have a better estimate of the prevalence of perineal tears in Guinea-Conakry.