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Orientador : Wilson de Figueiredo Jardim Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica Mestrado

Orientador: Wilson de Figueiredo Jardim Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica Doutorado

Ozonation was effective to degrade sulfaquinoxaline: more than 99% of efficiency was obtained using an ozone dose of 2.8 mg L-1 and pH 3. A design of experiments with two variables, pH and ozone dose, was used for planning. There was no significant interaction between these variables and ozone doses played the most important role regarding the contaminant degradation. However, regarding toxicity ozone process at pH 3 did not inhibit the luminescence of the bacteria even though different intermediates were formed and identified by mass spectra. At pH 7 inhibition of luminescence remained almost constant (around 30%) throughout ozonation time.

Flumequine degradation by electrochemical and photo-electrochemical processes was evaluated in this study. The antimicrobial activity of the solutions subjected to the electrochemical processes was monitored during the assays. The experiments were carried out using DSA® (dimensionally stable anode) electrode. The influence of current density was investigated for the 7.5 to 45 mA cm-2 range. The photo-electrochemical process was more efficient for degrading flumequine (85%) and reducing solution antimicrobial activity. For both processes, the residual antimicrobial activity decreased as flumequine degradation increased. The reaction intermediate m/z 244 (5-methyl-1-oxo-6,7-dihydro-1H,5H-pyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinoline-2-carboxylic acid) was identified.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo identificar e analisar o comportamento cíclico da economia brasileira entre 1990 a 2007, à luz da teoria marxiana. O movimento cíclico da economia é entendido como inerente ao Modo de Produção Capitalista. A metodologia usada consiste na pesquisa bibliográfica, baseado em Ribeiro (1988) e no ciclo econômico de Juglar. Utiliza-se dados do IPEA, que são: Taxas de variação anual real do PIB; Formação Bruta de Capital Fixo; Consumo Agregado; Taxas de Utilização da Capacidade Instalada e a Taxa de juros (Celic). Conclui-se que, sobretudo nos anos que se seguiram à crise de 1998, o ciclo econômico brasileiro se viu encurtado, com maior brevidade de todas as suas fases. Suspeita-se, neste trabalho, que os períodos de recuperação deixaram de ter a duração e a intensidade de outros períodos do passado devido à não ocorrência de saneamento da economia. This paper aims to identify and analyze the cyclical behavior of the Brazilian economy from 1990 to 2007, under the perspective of the Marxian Theory. The cyclical movement of the economy is understood as inherent in the capitalist mode of production. The methodology consists in reviewing the literature based on Ribeiro (1988) and Juglar cycle of economy. Data from Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada-IPEA (Institute of Applied Economic Research) are used, which are Current Annual Variation Rates of Gross Domestic Product-GDP, Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF), Aggregate Consumption, Rate of Installed Capacity Utilization, and Interest Rate (Selic-Sistema Especial de Liquidação e de Custódia - Special System of Clearance and Custody). It is concluded that, especially in the years following the crisis of 1998, the Brazilian economic cycle become shorter with briefness of all its phases. Based on this study, it is supposed that the recovery periods did not have the duration and intensity of other periods in the past due to the non-occurrence of the economy reorganization.