1. Neurodevelopment in Children Exposed to Zika in utero: Clinical and Molecular Aspects
- Author
-
Schuler-Faccini, Lavínia, del Campo, Miguel, García-Alix, Alfredo, Ventura, Liana O, Boquett, Juliano André, van der Linden, Vanessa, Pessoa, André, van der Linden Júnior, Hélio, Ventura, Camila V, Leal, Mariana Carvalho, Kowalski, Thayne Woycinck, Gerzson, Lais Rodrigues, de Almeida, Carla Skilhan, Santi, Lucélia, Beys-da-Silva, Walter O, Quincozes-Santos, André, Guimarães, Jorge A, Garcez, Patricia P, do Amaral Gomes, Julia, Vianna, Fernanda Sales Luiz, da Silva, André Anjos, Fraga, Lucas Rosa, Sanseverino, Maria Teresa Vieira, Muotri, Alysson R, da Rosa, Rafael Lopes, Abeche, Alberto Mantovani, Marcolongo-Pereira, Clairton, and Souza, Diogo O
- Subjects
Biological Sciences ,Genetics ,Clinical Research ,Neurosciences ,Pediatric ,Brain Disorders ,Basic Behavioral and Social Science ,Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period ,Behavioral and Social Science ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Aetiology ,Reproductive health and childbirth ,Neurological ,Mental health ,Good Health and Well Being ,microcephaly ,zika ,epilepsy ,cerebral palsy ,neurodevelopement ,eye ,Clinical Sciences ,Law - Abstract
Five years after the identification of Zika virus as a human teratogen, we reviewed the early clinical manifestations, collectively called congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). Children with CZS have a very poor prognosis with extremely low performance in motor, cognitive, and language development domains, and practically all feature severe forms of cerebral palsy. However, these manifestations are the tip of the iceberg, with some children presenting milder forms of deficits. Additionally, neurodevelopment can be in the normal range in the majority of the non-microcephalic children born without brain or eye abnormalities. Vertical transmission and the resulting disruption in development of the brain are much less frequent when maternal infection occurs in the second half of the pregnancy. Experimental studies have alerted to the possibility of other behavioral outcomes both in prenatally infected children and in postnatal and adult infections. Cofactors play a vital role in the development of CZS and involve genetic, environmental, nutritional, and social determinants leading to the asymmetric distribution of cases. Some of these social variables also limit access to multidisciplinary professional treatment.
- Published
- 2022