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La presente investigación tiene como objetivo establecer el efecto de implementar una herramienta web 2,0 Moodle en el proceso pedagógico de la comunidad académica escuela normal superior de Cartagena sede Emma Villa de Escallón en el aprendizaje de las tablas de multiplicar. El tipo de investigación es cuasi experimental, la evaluación de impacto retrospectiva, la población objeto de estudio está conformada por 52 alumnos de segundo grado, distribuidos en 2 salones de 26 estudiantes cada uno, se empleó una variable dependiente correspondiente a la clase magistral y la variable independiente fue la herramienta web 2,0 Moodle. Se realizaron exámenes antes y después de la intervención de la herramienta web 2,0 Moodle, que permitieron obtener los resultados análisis de estudio. &nbsp

Polyelectrolyte complexe’s films can be a vehicle for the controlled release of drugs in the oral cavity, seeking the interaction of the film with the epithelium of the buccal mucosa. The bioadhesion phenomenon is the retention of the system at the desired site to achieve liberation. In the present work, a release system was developed using polyelectrolyte polymers of opposite charge that form films by ionic complexation. The films were loaded with chlorhexidine diacetate for the treatment of oral infections. The solvent evaporation method was used for the preparation of films, containing arabic gum and chitosan (1: 1) and Noveon AA-1® 2% (w/v), which was included for its mucoadhesive properties. The films were prepared with the same proportions of polymers but adding chlorhexidine diacetate dissolved in ethanol 2% (w/v), before the evaporation of the solvent for the formation of the films. Swelling studies shows that films swell in solutions that simulate oral pH conditions. The films loaded with the drug release in vitro more than 90% of the drug in 24 hours. Microbiological tests showed that films loaded with chlorhexidine diacetate inhibit the growth of E. coli and P. aeruginosa in standardized sensitivity tests. The films studied show suitable characteristics for the release of chlorhexidine diacetate, demonstrating the inhibition of the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, so they have potential to be used in the treatment of patients with oral infections such as gingivitis and periodontal disease.

Background. Human milk is essential for establishing the newborn’s gut microbiota, which can have an impact on future health. Several studies indicate that Non-nutritive Sweeteners (NNS) can modify the intestinal microbiota, promoting metabolic dysfunction in humans and rodents; however, the influence of NNS on human milk microbiota is unknown. This study aimed to assess changes in the relative abundance of several of bacterial groups in colostrum of women who consumed NNS during pregnancy. Methods. This cross-sectional, pilot study included 39 women that gave birth to a live, healthy newborn in the General Hospital of Mexico. We assessed mothers’ diet and NNS consumption by validated questionnaires and the relative abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Roseburia, Eubacteriales, and Bacteroidales in colostrum samples by real-time PCR.Results. Twenty-six women (66%) showed a low NNS consumption (Lactobacillaceae relative abundance significantly decreased in the high NNS consumption group compared to the low NNS group (12.36±11.29 vs. 4.41±2.84, respectively; P<.001). NNS consumption associated with lower gestational age determined by the Capurro method or Ultrasound/Last Menstrual Period (r=-0.320, P= .025; and r=-0.355, P= .018, respectively).Conclusion. NNS consumption during pregnancy is associated with decreased Lactobacillaceae abundance in colostrum and lower gestational age. The effects of NNS consumption during pregnancy on breast milk microbiota and gestational age should be further investigated.Study registration: This study was registered in ClinicalTrials, number NCT03912038.

Background: A diet containing non-caloric sweeteners (NCS) could reduce calorie intake; conversely, some animal studies suggest that NCS consumption may increase functional gastrointestinal disorder symptoms (FGDs). This study aimed to compare the effect of consuming a diet containing NCS (c-NCS) versus a non-caloric sweetener-free diet (NCS-f) on FGDs. Methods: We conducted a randomized, controlled, parallel-group study using two different diets for five weeks: the c-NCS diet contained 50–100 mg/day NCS, whereas the NCS-f diet had less than 10 mg/day NCS. At the beginning of the study (PreTx) and at the end (PostTx), we assessed FGDs, dietary intake, and NCS consumption. Results: The percentage of participants with diarrhea (PreTx = 19% vs. PstTx = 56%; p = 0.02), post-prandial discomfort (PreTx = 9% vs. PstTx = 39%; p = 0.02), constipation (PreTx = 30% vs. PostTx = 56%; p < 0.01), and burning (PreTx = 13% vs. PostTx = 33%; p < 0.01) increased in the c-NCS diet group. Conversely, abdominal pain (PreTx = 15% vs. PostTx = 3%; p = 0.04), post-prandial discomfort (PreTx = 26% vs. PostTx = 6%; p = 0.02), burning (PreTx = 15% vs. PostTx = 0%; p = 0.02), early satiety (PreTx = 18% vs. PostTx = 3%; p < 0.01), and epigastric pain (PreTx = 38% vs. PostTx = 3%; p < 0.01) decreased in the NCS-f diet group. Conclusion: A c-NCS diet is associated with increased FGDs, including diarrhea, post-prandial discomfort, constipation, and burning or retrosternal pain. The NCS-f diet also decreased FGDs, as well as abdominal pain, post-prandial discomfort, burning or retrosternal pain, early satiety, and epigastric pain.

Background Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) are widely consumed by humans due to their apparent innocuity, especially sucralose. However, several studies link sucralose consumption to weight gain and metabolic derangements, although data are still contradictory. Objective To determine the effect of acute and chronic consumption of sucralose on insulin and glucose profiles in young healthy adults. Material and methods This was a randomized, parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted in healthy young adults from 18 to 35 years old, without insulin resistance. A hundred thirty seven participants were randomized into three groups: a) volunteers receiving 48 mg sucralose, b) volunteers receiving 96 mg sucralose, and c) controls receiving water as placebo. All participants underwent a 3-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) preceded by consuming sucralose or placebo 15 min before glucose load, at two time points: week zero (Wk0) and week ten (Wk10). Serum insulin and glucose were measured every 15 min during both OGTTs. Results Compared to Wk0, consumption of sucralose for 10 weeks provoked 1) increased insulin concentrations at 0 min (7.5 ± 3.4 vs 8.8 ± 4.1 μIU/mL; p = 0.01), 30 min (91.3 ± 56.2 vs 110.1 ± 49.4 μIU/mL; p = 0.05), 105 min (47.7 ± 24.4 vs 64.3 ± 48.2 μIU/mL; p = 0.04) and 120 min (44.8 ± 22.1 vs 63.1 ± 47.8 μIU/mL; p = 0.01) in the 48 mg sucralose group; 2) increased blood glucose at − 15 min (87.9 ± 4.6 vs 91.4 ± 5.4 mg/dL; p = 0.003), 0 min (88.7 ± 4 vs 91.3 ± 6 mg/dL; p = 0.04) and 120 min (95.2 ± 23.7 vs 106.9 ± 19.5 mg/dL; p = 0.009) in the 48 mg sucralose group; 3) increased area under the curve (AUC) of insulin in both 48 and 96 mg sucralose groups (9262 vs 11,398; p = 0.02 and 6962 vs 8394; p = 0.12, respectively); and 4) reduced Matsuda index in the 48 mg sucralose group (6.04 ± 3.19 vs 4.86 ± 2.13; p = 0.01). Conclusions These data show that chronic consumption of sucralose can affect insulin and glucose responses in non-insulin resistant healthy young adults with normal body mass index (between 18.5 and 24.9 kg/m2), however, the effects are not consistent with dose; further research is required. Clinical trial registry NCT03703141.

The geosciences have experimented recently the urgent necessity to count on practitioners who possess an ethical conscience and the desire to act responsibly and serve the society. This is especially necessary in the case of our paleontological heritage. Fossils are natural objects resulting from natural processes that connect us with our natural environments and, also importantly, with our origins and past. The paleontological heritage is therefore strongly linked with our natural, social and cultural heritage, and cannot be interpreted or studied without this synergetic perspective. Transmitting paleontological knowledge to geoscientists (including educators) and authorities, especially based on the findings from the fossil record, must be pivotal in order to ensure adequate protection and conservation of the paleontological heritage, promote responsible research practices and attract attention by society.An ethical and correct management of the paleontological heritage often raise key ethical concerns. There are a range of useful examples concerning i) the increasing use of technological advances and an ambitious development of infrastructures (e.g., mining activities and exploitation of georesources, railroad, highway and residential projects, etc.) often initiated, funded, and influenced by government agencies or public and/or private organizations; ii) individual actions to collect the most spectacular, relevant fossils related to both commercial or collecting, or simple vandalism; and iii) the increasing use of fossils in paleontological research, didactic and touristic activities and exhibitions—and its profound impact on sites and fossils, that relate to our paleontological heritage and can thus foster personal growth, enrich citizens´ knowledge and promote (and improve) interaction between society and this field of geosciences.More specifically, in Spain there are examples and case studies in the field of geoscience that illustrate how to gain awareness and knowledge about geoethical conflicts between works of infrastructures, and the geoconservation of paleontological sites and the discovery of new fossils, with benefits for society, the administration, and the scientific community.Identifying and considering ethical issues and dilemmas associated to these topics in paleontology are important for both ethical (adhering to general principles or conceptions of what is right and wrong) and practical reasons. As such, geoscientists who are more aware of their ethical and social responsibilities concerning our paleontological heritage will be better able to put their knowledge at the service of society and to help increase public trust in geosciences.

El patrimonio paleontológico está constituido, por un lado, por el conjunto de yacimientos y secciones fosilíferas conocidos y estudiados (patrimonio "inmueble") y por otro, por el conjunto de colecciones paleontológicas y ejemplares alojados en museos, colecciones y exposiciones locales (patrimonio "mueble"). Los riesgos que afectan al patrimonio paleontológico son fundamentalmente el de destrucción y el de expolio por aficionados y comerciantes. Todo ello ha generado una situación de riesgo evidente para su conservación de la que la comunidad paleontológica española sólo ha comenzado a tomar conciencia en los tiempos recientes. El surgimiento en 1985, y posteriormente en 1989, de una legislación nacional sobre patrimonio y sobre espacios naturales, desarrollada de manera diversa en las diferentes Comunidades Autónomas del Estado Español, ha venido a incidir en esta problemática de manera favorable, aunque no siempre satisfactoria para todas las partes. En bastantes comunidades autónomas las regulaciones sobre excavaciones paleontológicas se encuentran efectivas desde hace tiempo y en algunas se inician políticas activas destinadas a la protección y/o a la gestión y difusión social de los yacimientos. Se inicia así un proceso que deberá progresar hacia la declaración de los yacimientos de mayor importancia como puntos protegidos de acuerdo con las figuras legales existentes.

Resumen Introduccion La rinitis alergica (RA) es considerada como un problema de salud publica, por lo tanto, es indispensable poner a prueba estrategias de educacion para la salud como la consejeria de enfermeria (CE) dirigida a grupos poblacionales como ninos con rinitis alergica y sus tutores. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo medir durante un ano los beneficios en la salud de poblacion infantil con esta enfermedad. Metodos Estudio longitudinal, aleatorio, comparativo, con una muestra de 100 pacientes pediatricos de ambos sexos, con edades de 6 a 12 anos, con diagnostico de rinitis alergica, con consejeria (grupo estudio) y sin consejeria (grupo control). En ambos grupos se obtuvo carta de consentimiento informado firmada por ambos tutores, ademas de cedulas de conocimiento y de valoracion; la segunda incluyo escala de sintomatologia y de Morisky Green (adherencia al tratamiento). Los ninos del grupo estudio recibieron intervencion basada en educacion personalizada, material didactico, apoyo del grupo multidisciplinario en caso necesario (medico, dermatologo y psicologo). El grupo control recibio atencion habitual. En ambos grupos se hizo seguimiento via telefonica, lo que permitio identificar el numero de recaidas en un ano. Resultados Para la comparacion de los resultados se aplico la prueba de Wilcoxon rank-sum (Mann-Whitney); la presencia de recaidas en el grupo control comparado con el grupo estudio se encontro estadisticamente significativa. Conclusiones Se encontro que la poblacion infantil que recibe CE, tiene como beneficio mejor control de la sintomatologia y disminucion de recaidas al ano.

Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry and taphonomic analysis are applied for studying of about 250 shells of the pachybelemnopsein belemnites Hibolithes and Pachybelemnopsis ...

BACKGROUND: Fluoxetine is a serotonin reuptake inhibitor indicated for major depression. It is also thought to affect weight control: this seems to happen through appetite changes resulting in decreased food intake and normalisation of unusual eating behaviours. However, the benefit‐risk ratio of this off‐label medication is unclear. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of fluoxetine for overweight or obese adults. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS, the ICTRP Search Portal and ClinicalTrials.gov and World Health Organization (WHO) ICTRP Search Portal. The last date of the search was December 2018 for all databases, to which we applied no language restrictions . SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the administration of fluoxetine versus placebo, other anti‐obesity agents, non‐pharmacological therapy or no treatment in overweight or obese adults without depression, mental illness or abnormal eating patterns. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently screened abstracts and titles for relevance. Screening for inclusion, data extraction and risk of bias assessment was performed by one author and checked by the second. We assessed trials for the overall certainty of the evidence using the GRADE instrument. For additional information we contacted trial authors by email. We performed random‐effects meta‐analyses and calculated the risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for dichotomous outcomes and the mean difference (MD) with 95% CI for continuous outcomes. MAIN RESULTS: We identified 1036 records, scrutinized 52 full‐text articles and included 19 completed RCTs (one trial is awaiting assessment). A total of 2216 participants entered the trials, 1280 participants were randomly assigned to fluoxetine (60 mg/d, 40 mg/d, 20 mg/d and 10 mg/d) and 936 participants were randomly assigned to various comparison groups (placebo; the anti‐obesity agents diethylpropion, fenproporex, mazindol, sibutramine, metformin, fenfluramine, dexfenfluramine, fluvoxamine, 5‐hydroxy‐tryptophan; no treatment; and omega‐3 gel). Within the 19 RCTs there were 56 trial arms. Fifteen trials were parallel RCTs and four were cross‐over RCTs. The participants in the included trials were followed up for periods between three weeks and one year. The certainty of the evidence was low or very low: the majority of trials had a high risk of bias in one or more of the risk of bias domains. For our main comparison group — fluoxetine versus placebo — and across all fluoxetine dosages and durations of treatment, the MD was −2.7 kg (95% CI −4 to −1.4; P < 0.001; 10 trials, 956 participants; low‐certainty evidence). The 95% prediction interval ranged between −7.1 kg and 1.7 kg. The MD in body mass index (BMI) reduction across all fluoxetine dosages compared with placebo was −1.1 kg/m² (95% CI −3.7 to 1.4; 3 trials, 97 participants; very low certainty evidence). Only nine placebo‐controlled trials reported adverse events. A total of 399 out of 627 participants (63.6%) receiving fluoxetine compared with 352 out of 626 participants (56.2%) receiving placebo experienced an adverse event. Random‐effects meta‐analysis showed an increase in the risk of having at least one adverse event of any type in the fluoxetine groups compared with placebo (RR 1.18, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.42; P = 0.07; 9 trials, 1253 participants; low‐certainty evidence). The 95% prediction interval ranged between 0.74 and 1.88. Following fluoxetine treatment the adverse events of dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, insomnia and nausea were observed approximately twice as often compared to placebo. A total of 15 out of 197 participants (7.6%) receiving fluoxetine compared with 12 out of 196 participants (6.1%) receiving placebo experienced depression. The RR across all fluoxetine doses compared with placebo was 1.20 (95% CI 0.57 to 2.52; P = 0.62; 3 trials, 393 participants; very low certainty evidence). All‐cause mortality, health‐related quality of life and socioeconomic effects were not reported. The comparisons of fluoxetine with other anti‐obesity agents (3 trials, 234 participants), omega‐3 gel (1 trial, 48 participants) and no treatment (1 trial, 60 participants) showed inconclusive results (very low certainty evidence). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Low‐certainty evidence suggests that off‐label fluoxetine may decrease weight compared with placebo. However, low‐certainty evidence suggests an increase in the risk for dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, insomnia and nausea following fluoxetine treatment.

Background Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a leading cause of death in Mexico. Atherogenic lipid profile is a key component in AMI. Thus, it is imperative to find drug therapies able to reduce atherogenic lipids in AMI patients and prevent subsequent myocardial infarctions. Aim of the study. To investigate the effect of polypill (Sincronium®) alone or combined with beta blockers (BB) and/or thiazide diuretics (TD) on total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), and cardiovascular risk markers in a Mexican population with AMI. Methods Secondary AMI-prevention patients (n = 256) were included in the study and categorized into three groups depending on the drug scheme, as follows: polypill (n = 150), polypill+BB (n = 91), and polypill + BB + TD (n = 15). Lipid profile and cardiovascular risk markers were evaluated in each patient before and 6 months after drug therapy. Results The Wilcoxon-matched pairs signed rank test showed significant ∼25–30% reductions in total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL in the polypill group as compared to polypill + BB and polypill + BB + TD groups. On the contrary, HDL was significantly increased in polypill and polypill + BB groups. Polypill therapy showed more marked reductions in blood pressure, atherogenic index, Framingham risk score, and vascular age with respect to polypill + BB and polypill + BB + TD groups. Conclusion This study demonstrates for the first time that polypill therapy without being combined with BB and TD is effective to improve the atherogenic lipid profile and cardiovascular risk markers in AMI patients. Further studies are needed to examine the efficacy of polypill in reducing the occurrence of a second AMI in the Mexican population.

Background Osteoporosis is a major healthcare concern in Latin America. Factors such as changing demographics, fragmented healthcare systems, and financial considerations may result in a huge increase in the burden of osteoporosis in this region. The aim of this article is to describe the baseline clinical characteristics and fracture history of patients who are prescribed teriparatide in normal clinical practice in Latin America. Methods We conducted a prospective, multinational, observational study (the Asia and Latin America Fracture Observational Study [ALAFOS]) in 20 countries worldwide to assess the incidence of fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis receiving teriparatide as a part of routine clinical practice in a real-world setting. In this subregional analysis of the ALAFOS study, we report the clinical characteristics, fracture history, risk factors for osteoporosis, comorbidities, previous osteoporosis therapies and health-related quality of life measures at baseline for patients from the four participant Latin American countries: Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico. Results The Latin America subregional cohort included 546 postmenopausal women (mean [SD] age: 71.0 [10.1] years; range: 40–94 years), constituting 18% of the ALAFOS total population. The baseline mean (SD) bone mineral density T-scores were − 3.02 (1.23) at the lumbar spine and − 2.31 (0.96) at the femoral neck; 62.8% of patients had a history of low trauma fracture after the age of 40 years and 39.7% of patients had experienced ≥1 fall in the past year. Osteoporosis medications were used by 70.9% of patients before initiating teriparatide. The median (Q1, Q3) EQ-5D-5 L Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores for perceived health status at baseline was 70 (50, 80). The mean (SD) worst back pain numeric rating scale score for the overall Latin American cohort was 4.3 (3.4) at baseline. Conclusions This baseline analysis of the Latin America subregion of the ALAFOS study indicates that patients who are prescribed teriparatide in the four participant countries had severe osteoporosis and high prevalence of fractures. They also had back pain and poor health-related quality of life. The proportions of patients with severe or extreme problems on the EQ-5D-5 L individual domains were lower than those in the overall ALAFOS study population.

Sucralose is a noncaloric artificial sweetener that is widely consumed worldwide and has been associated with alteration in glucose and insulin homeostasis. Unbalance in monocyte subpopulations expressing CD11c and CD206 hallmarks metabolic dysfunction but has not yet been studied in response to sucralose. Our goal was to examine the effect of a single sucralose sip on serum insulin and blood glucose and the percentages of classical, intermediate, and nonclassical monocytes in healthy young adults subjected to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). This study was a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Volunteers randomly received 60 mL water as placebo (n=20) or 48 mg sucralose dissolved in 60 mL water (n=25), fifteen minutes prior to an OGTT. Blood samples were individually drawn every 15 minutes for 180 minutes for quantifying glucose and insulin concentrations. Monocyte subsets expressing CD11c and CD206 were measured at -15 and 180 minutes by flow cytometry. As compared to controls, volunteers receiving sucralose exhibited significant increases in serum insulin at 30, 45, and 180 minutes, whereas blood glucose values showed no significant differences. Sucralose consumption caused a significant 7% increase in classical monocytes and 63% decrease in nonclassical monocytes with respect to placebo controls. Pearson’s correlation models revealed a strong association of insulin with sucralose-induced monocyte subpopulation unbalance whereas glucose values did not show significant correlations. Sucralose ingestion decreased CD11c expression in all monocyte subsets and reduced CD206 expression in nonclassical monocytes suggesting that sucralose does not only unbalance monocyte subpopulations but also alter their expression pattern of cell surface molecules. This work demonstrates for the first time that a 48 mg sucralose sip increases serum insulin and unbalances monocyte subpopulations expressing CD11c and CD206 in noninsulin-resistant healthy young adults subjected to an OGTT. The apparently innocuous consumption of sucralose should be reexamined in light of these results.

The appearance of new anti-tuberculosis drugs such as bedaquiline and delamanid makes it impossible not to remember that the first strictly controlled medical trials of tuberculosis treatment were published in two rigorously researched outstanding articles that can be qualified as historical. In 1948, streptomycin was formally studied as an efficacious anti-tuberculosis drug. In 1952, another trial compared streptomycin-paramino salicylic acid with isoniazid, by means of which the first bases of pharmacological tuberculosis treatment were established.La aparición de nuevos fármacos antituberculosos, como la bedaquilina y el delaminid, hace inevitable recordar que los primeros ensayos estrictamente controlados del tratamiento médico de la tuberculosis se publicaron en dos artículos de excelente y rigurosa investigación científica que pueden calificarse como históricos. En 1948 se estudió formalmente la estreptomicina como medicamento antituberculoso eficaz. En 1952, en otro ensayo se comparó estreptomicina-ácido paraaminosalicílico con isoniacida, con lo que se establecieron las primeras bases del tratamiento farmacológico de la tuberculosis.

Background In acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), high ABCB1 gene expression has been associated with treatment resistance, which affects patient prognosis. Many preclinical reports and retrospective population studies have shown an anti-cancer effect of metformin. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the effect of metformin on the treatment regimen in patients with ALL who exhibited high levels of ABCB1 gene expression and to determine its impact on overall survival. Methods A total of 102 patients with ALL were recruited; one group (n = 26) received metformin, and the other received chemotherapy (n = 76). Measurement of ABCB1 transcript expression was performed using qRT-PCR prior to treatment initiation. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan–Meier curves. The impact of both the type of treatment and the level of expression on the response (remission or relapse) was analyzed by calculating the odds ratio. Results The survival of patients with high ABCB1 expression was lower than those with low or absent ABCB1 gene expression (p = 0.030). In the individual analysis, we identified a benefit to adding metformin in the group of patients with high ABCB1 gene expression (p = 0.025). In the metformin user group, the drug acted as a protective factor against both therapeutic failure (odds ratio [OR] 0.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.0037–1.53) and early relapse (OR 0.05, 95% CI 0.0028–1.153). Conclusion The combined use of metformin with chemotherapy is effective in patients with elevated levels of ABCB1 gene expression. Trial registration NCT 03118128: NCT

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is considered to be a public health problem, therefore it is essential to test health education strategies such as nursing counseling (NC) aimed at population groups such as children with allergic rhinitis and their tutors. This study aimed to measure the health benefits of children with this disease for a year.Longitudinal, randomized, comparative study with a sample of 100 pediatric patients of both sexes, aged 6 to 12 years, with diagnosis of allergic rhinitis, with counseling (study group) and without counseling (control group). In both groups, an informed consent letter signed by both tutors was obtained, in addition to knowledge and assessment papers; the latter included a scale of symptomatology and Morisky Green (adherence to treatment). The children in the study group received intervention based on personalized education, didactic material, support of the multidisciplinary group if necessary (doctor, dermatologist and psychologist). The control group received usual care. In both groups, telephone follow-up was performed, which allowed the number of relapses to be identified in one year.The Wilcoxon rank-sum test (Mann-Whitney) was used to compare the results; the presence of relapses in the control group was statistically significant compared to the study group.It was found that the infant population that receives NC, has as a better benefit the control of the symptomatology and decrease of relapses per year.

Background/Aim: Genetic variation in apolipoprotein E (ApoE) has a key role in lipid metabolism. However, its contribution to the amount and distribution of body fat is under investigation. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between genetic variation in ApoE and obesity-related traits in Mexican school children. Material and Methods: Anthropometric, body composition and physical activity measures were conducted using standard methods in 300 children (177 girls/123 boys) who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. DNA was isolated from saliva. ApoE genotypes were analyzed by allelic discrimination. The association between variation in ApoE and anthropometric and body composition measures was investigated using the General Linear Model. Results: The mean ± SD values for age, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were 9.05 ± 0.80 years, 19.01 ± 3.83 and 67.98 ± 10.97 cm, respectively. Approximately 46% of the participants were overweight or obese. A significant association between ApoE isoforms and WC was found after controlling for age, sex and the percentage of physical activity (p = 0.025). Significant main effects were found for vigorous physical activity and light physical activity influencing the adiposity-related BMI (p < 0.001) and WC (p = 0.044), respectively. Conclusions: Variation in ApoE and physical activity intensity were associated with adiposity-related phenotypes in Mexican school children.

A combined sedimentological, shape-preferred orientation and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) analysis has been performed at the Arroyofrio Bed (Callovian–Oxfordian boundary level) in the locality of Moneva (Iberian Range, NE Spain). The Arroyofrio bed is a widespread iron-ooid limestone interval forming a condensed sequence. The present study has focused on the analysis of the potential presence of a preferred ooid orientation at the Arroyofrio bed. The obtained data show that ooids were originally ellipsoidal and had an imbricate disposition with respect to the bedding/lamination surface. The main ooid orientation within the bedding plane shows a NNE–SSW trend. Results of AMS analyses show a magnetic foliation parallel or slightly imbricated with respect to bedding and magnetic lineation parallel to the main ooid orientation. Magnetic mineralogy of studied samples shows that AMS is mainly controlled by magnetite with minor contributions of hematite and paramagnetic minerals (that can reach contributions of 35 %). The analyzed ooids show axial ratios between 1.4 and 2.8 (intrinsic anisotropy), while the anisotropy of their distribution shows lower anisotropies (e.g., Rs = 1.15) or very low values of the anisotropic magnetic parameters (e.g., P′