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Emprender que tiene múltiples significados, de acuerdo con el contexto en que se le emplee el termino será la connotación que se tenga. En el ámbito de las actividades comerciales el emprendedor es un empresario, es el dueño y fundador de un establecimiento con actividad comercial o de servicios con fines de lucro. Para el caso de los estudiantes universitarios es fundamental considerar cual es la actividad que desean desempeñar una ves que culminen sus estudios. Debido a que dentro de su formación ellos pueden perfilar su área terminal en sus estudios, una rama dentro de los programas educativos puede ser el desarrollo empresarial, en las ingenierías no es la excepción. El presente trabajo describe las prácticas de una unidad académica y el impulso en el desarrollo de las competencias de emprendimiento y liderazgo a través de la experiencia de un estudiante del programa de ingeniería industrial de la Facultad de Ingeniería Arquitectura y Diseño, de la Universidad Autónoma de Baja California y su preocupación por el medio ambiente que lo llevaron a fundar su empresa Griinpack la cual ofrece una solución amigable con el medio ambiente, el modelo de negocio que desarrollo le ayuda al estudiante a continuar con sus estudios y buscar mercado para su empresa.

The biosynthesis of oxide semiconductor nanoparticles (NPs) using materials found in nature opens a wide field of study focused on sustainability and environmental protection. Biosynthesized NPs have the capacity to eliminate organic dyes, which pollute water and cause severe damage to the environment. In the present work, the green synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs was carried out using Capsicum annuum var. Anaheim extract. The photocatalytic elimination of methylene blue (MB), methyl orange (MO), and Rhodamine B (RhB) in UV radiation was evaluated. The materials were characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) and SEM-coupled energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), attenuated total reflectance-infrared (ATR-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Photoluminescence (PL), and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). The TEM analysis showed the NPs have an average size of 40 nm and quasi-spherical shape. ATR-IR showed the ZnO NPs contained functional groups from the extract. The analysis through XRD indicated that the NPs have a hexagonal zincite crystal structure with an average crystallite size of approximately 17 nm. The photoluminescence spectrum (PL) presented an emission band at 402 nm. From the UV-Vis spectra and TAUC model, the band-gap value was found to be 2.93 eV. Finally, the photocatalytic assessment proved the ZnO NPs achieved 100% elimination of MB at 60 min exposure, and 85 and 92% degradation of MO and RhB, respectively, at 180 min. This indicates that ZnO NPs, in addition to using a friendly method for their synthesis, manage to have excellent photocatalytic activity in the degradation of various organic pollutants.

The needs of the productive sector are increasingly closer to the developments that can be developed in the academy. The latter shows an advance in its infra structure according to demands and in the development of human capital, professionalization leads to seek to have better teachers and researchers which leads to enter what is requested by government institutions such as the National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT for its acronym in Spanish) in Mexico that is the one who measures the capacity of teachers who generate research which can be applied in the productive sectors. The present work seeks to illustrate what is the capacity of a university through its academic infrastructure to be able to link with the productive sector based on its developments and academic and scientific products, institutional indicators and their evolution over time will be identified. which indicates that the institution may be ready to meet the needs of the productive sector.

During last decades, production systems have developed strategies to increase their competitiveness in a global market in manufacturing and services, and lean manufacturing and simulation methods have been consolidated as tools that support that. This paper reports a case study in a food packer company where a simulation model was applied to reduce waste time due to a poor layout in operations and transportation areas. The company has detected problems on layout that avoid fulfilling the market demand. The simulation model was aimed to test different scenarios and layout designs as alternatives for a better distribution without modifying its facilities and run in Promodel® simulation software. The production systems’ scenarios were evaluated using the production system performance as percentage of used locations, percentage of resources utilization, number of finished products, and the level of work in process (WIP). Finally, the verification and validation stages were performed before running the scenarios in the real production area. After implementing the best simulated scenario, company reports an increase of 68% in production capacity as well as a reduction of 5% in the WIP.

During the last decades, the production systems have developed different strategies to increase their competitiveness in the global market. In a manufacturing and services systems, Lean Manufacturing has been consolidated through the correct implementation of its tools. The present paper presents a case study developed in a Food Packer company where a Simulation Model was considered as an alternative to reduce the waste time generated by the poor distribution of operations and transportation areas for a product within the factory. As a matter of fact, the company has detected problems on the layout distribution that prevents to fulfill the market demand. In addition, the principal aim was to create a simulation model to test different hypothetical scenarios and alternative designs for the layout distribution without modifying its facilities. Moreover, the implemented methodology was based on classical models of simulation projects and a compendium of the manufacturing systems optimization by simulation process used during the last ten years. Also, a mathematic model supported by the Promodel ® simulation software was developed considering the company characteristics; along with the model development, it was possible to compare the production system performance from the percentage of used locations, the percentage of resources utilization, the number of finished products, and the level of Work in Process (WIP). Finally, the verification and validation stages were performed before running the scenarios in the real production area. The results generated by the implementation of the project represent an increase of 68% in the production capacity and a reduction of 5% in the WIP. In addition, both outcomes are associated with the resources management, which were reassigned to other production areas.

The paradigm of the manufacturing systems was broken in 1980 with the beginning of the Additive Manufacturing (AM). This technology has been considered as the complement of the classic manufacturing technology, where the material is removed from a raw material until getting the final product. The addition of material in layers have been considered the new alternative to face the impact in the environment, the economy of materials and process, and the opportunity to generate new complex shapes limited by the classic manufacturing technology. The present chapter exposes the advances of the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), one of the seven technologies of AM which is mostly used during the past three decades. In this field, different adaptations and investigations of the technology have been focused on the increment of the capacity of the production system and improve the quality generated by this technique. The methodology used to determine the advance of AM was to employ a Systematic Literature Review using databases. The search was developed considering the keywords of AM for the construction of specific search syntax of documents associated with this technology. The documents obtained were analyzed to identify the progress in this technology. The results present the advancements of the FDM as a technology that change the industrial processing to customize the process, where the globalization makes possible to have this technology available at each desk.

This chapter exposes a comparative research of different anthropometric equipment that has a patent register, comparing analogic devices versus digital devices, with the aim to define the relevance and status of the anthropometric devices. The methodology used in this project is integrated in three stages. The first stage is a documental analysis research of the anthropometric patents devices registered in international offices with the aim to identify the anthropometric devices patented. The second stage is the description of the characteristics, features, and functionality for every anthropometric device founded during the first stage. Finally, the third stage is the generation of a matrix with similarities of the devices with the aim to have a comparison between the devices. As a result of this research, it was possible to describe the characteristics of 14 devices used to define anthropometric devices as well as their futures and utilities.

Increase productivity is the aim of any international company. Focus on achieve their goals many of them invest their resources to survive in a global competition. Under this paradigm, the present chapter exposes the problem that one automotive organization had with a CNC laser cutting machine used in the production process of airbags. The cutting process was identified as a botleneck slowing down the rest of the production process causing problems. TO overcome this problems a continuous improvement team was assembled. The problem was model as a travelling salesman problem and improvement was achieve. The economic benefits of the solution are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.

During the last three decades the increase of utilities is the principal aim of the international companies, focus on this topic, many companies have been invested resources on investigation and innovation, develop new techniques and implementation of procedures standardized by the global competitors. According to the references mentioned before, a case of study is used to improve the productivity of a die casting process, the methodology used consists in the integration of a design technique and the methodology DMAIC. The results showed that the new design of the casting mold weight reduced by 18% percent the quantity of material requires for the original product, from an initial weight of 2.77 lb to 2.20 lb. Also, through the modification of gates and metal runners in the mold, a 60% reduction of material waste was achieved. With the new prototype, the scrap was reduced from 13.65% to a new 6.45% of the piece. This is a 54% reduction on the SCRAP. With the information above mentioned, it has been achieved a save of $2.23 USD per unit, a total of $25,958.00 USD by year.

[EN] This work presents the curricular professional internship Protocol, within the framework of linking projects with value in credits (PVVC), in the Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Design (FIAD) of the Autonomous University of Baja California (UABC). (Initials come from the names in Spanish). This Protocol defines the mechanism to start, to register and to follow-up to fruition the curricular professional internship (PP´s). The benefits of this Protocol include but are not limited to standardization of documents and deadlines of the procedures. It regulates the actions of supervision of the activities of the students at the receivers’ premises. It is obligatory to write a report of activities in a format of publication. It involves academics in a way that promotes interaction with the productive sector for a possibility of linking academic at the same time or after the realization of this student bonding. In addition to that we have implemented a tool that facilitates the available formats, control, monitoring, broadcasting and Bank of storage of the generated PVVC's and their reporting., [ES] Este trabajo presenta el Protocolo de prácticas profesionales curricular, en el marco de la vinculación de proyectos con valor en créditos (PVVC), en la Facultad de Ingeniería, Arquitectura y Diseño (FIAD) de la Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC). (Iniciales provienen de los nombres en español). Este Protocolo define el mecanismo para iniciar, registrar y dar seguimiento a buen término la práctica profesional curricular (PP's). Los beneficios de este Protocolo incluyen pero no se limitan a la normalización de los documentos y los plazos de los procedimientos. Regula las acciones de supervisión de las actividades de los estudiantes en los locales de los receptores. Es obligatorio escribir un informe de las actividades en un formato de publicación. Se trata de académicos de una manera que promueva la interacción con el sector productivo para una posibilidad de vincular académico al mismo tiempo o después de la realización de este estudiante de unión. Además de que hemos puesto en marcha una herramienta que facilita los formatos disponibles, el control, la vigilancia, la radiodifusión y el Banco de almacenamiento de la generada PVVC del y de su presentación.

The industry in search of the optimization of the processes has resorted to the application of lean manufacturing to solve a variety of problems that are present in the manufacture of different products. The Design of systems and products requires an understanding of the causes that achieve desirable performance, the need for an efficient system is the principal cause of performance Lean Manufacturing strategies. This chapter has the aim to describe the implementation of Lean Manufacturing focus in optimize the manufacturing process of a product for the automotive industry, using Total Productive Maintenance (TPM). The case of study presented in this chapter describes a specific problem whit the equipment used in the adhesive application process. The methodology was focused in determinate the six big losses in critical equipment and the implementation of TPM, achieving a reduction the problem 30 %.