Search

A strategy for the power division of a hybrid storage system for battery and UC based for electric vehicles using non-linear model predictive control (NMPC) is presented on this work. The system is modeled in a simple way and a cost function is proposed to minimize the battery current fluctuation and to preserve its health. Also, this function include the objective of regulating the UC voltage to a desired reference value. Simulation results are presented considering that the power required by the traction system is constant during the prediction horizon and are compared with the ideal case in which there is available future information of the power requirement.

In this paper the implementation of a multi-carrier ADSL digital communication system in a TMS320C6748 DSP Development kit (LCDK) digital signal processor (DSP) is presented. QAM modulation / demodulation schemes, symbol timing and an equalization scheme are implemented. The information sent through the system is processed using cyclic redundancy check blocks, Scrambler and Reed-Solomon encoding. The operation of the system is verified experimentally by designating eight low frequency carriers and using the audio CODEC available in the DSP kit.

In this work a new orientation estimation strategy for a non-accelerated platform is presented. The proposed strategy is based on a low-cost inertial measurement unit (IMU). Orientation angles are obtained using a nonlinear Luenberger observer, while the common offset issues on the magnetometer are calibrated by a recursive least-square algorithm. The strategy is implemented using a TM4C123GXL microcontroller and a MPU9150 sensor (nine-axis: gyro, accelerometer and magnetometer), which makes it a low-cost, compact system. Experimental results for the calibration and estimation procedures are shown to validate the proposal.

A real-time power-split control strategy for a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) used in electric vehicles is proposed in this work. The HESS topology corresponds to a semi-active ultracapacitor (UC) configuration. The HESS goals are to prevent battery degradation and to preserve its lifetime while improving the system efficiency by supplying the fast dynamics power demands through the UC pack. In order to generate the UC power reference, a digital low-pass filter whose bandwidth is adjusted according to the UC SOC is proposed. This allows a better usage of the UC available energy, while reducing frequent activation of controller protections and avoiding the calculation of the filter cut-off frequency for a certain driving cycle. The low-level control strategy is based on a sliding mode controller combined with a closed-loop current observer, which allows to improve the implementation performance while maintaining the current ripple bounded. Simulation and experimental results were presented showing that the proposed strategy preserves battery health in a more effective way than filter-based strategies with fixed bandwidth, for cases where no future information about the required power is available.

This paper presents a comparative analysis of two semi-active configurations of Hybrid Energy Storage Systems for electric vehicles combining batteries and ultracapacitors. The analysis of a proper sizing of the battery and ultracapacitor bank according to the power requirement of the vehicle is first presented. In addition, a method to select the low pass filter cut-off frequency used for power split is proposed. Losses in each of the components of the system elements are analyzed and included in the model. For both configurations, a commonly used control strategy based on the load power separation is implemented and simulations for a scaled NEDC driving cycle are performed. Then, based on a loss and performance analysis, it is determined which configuration is the most convenient for this application. Fil: Asensio, Eduardo Maximiliano. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ingeniería. Grupo de Electrónica Aplicada; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Magallán, Guillermo Andrés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ingeniería. Grupo de Electrónica Aplicada; Argentina Fil: Amaya, Eduardo Gaston. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ingeniería. Grupo de Electrónica Aplicada; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: de Angelo, Cristian Hernan. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ingeniería. Grupo de Electrónica Aplicada; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

An observer-based traction control strategy for electric vehicles is proposed in this paper. The proposed strategy considers the combined effects of lateral and longitudinal traction forces, both for acceleration and regenerative braking, even in curved trajectories. Nonlinear reduced-order observers are designed for estimating tire-road friction condition on each traction wheel and vehicle lateral velocity from which side-slip angles are calculated. A detailed analysis of observers convergence is performed, and a method to know the quality of the estimated variables is also proposed. The proposed traction control strategy allows avoiding the traction wheels skidding during acceleration and braking both in straight trajectories and turning maneuvers. The performance of the proposal is verified through simulation on a complete vehicle model, under different situations and even considering a different vehicle tire model. Fil: Aligia, Diego Andrés. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Ingeniería. Grupo de Electronica Aplicada; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: Magallán, Guillermo Andrés. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Ingeniería. Grupo de Electronica Aplicada; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina Fil: de Angelo, Cristian Hernan. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Ingeniería. Grupo de Electronica Aplicada; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

This paper presents the advances in the construction of a test platform whose main objective is to develop and validate control strategies on a traction wheel motor for electric bicycles (EB). It serves as a tool to evaluate strategies of torque and speed control, regenerative braking, pedaling assistance, among others. In the future, it is expected to obtain a controller to achieve a higher dynamic performance and efficiency of the EB, compared to the controllers that can be commercially found today, so that it can be inserted in the local market. As a first step to achieve this objective, this paper presents the development of torque and speed control of a permanent magnets motor wheel. Experimental results are shown to validate the control strategies proposed.

This paper presents a sliding mode control strategy for a Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) with a semi-active capacitor configuration, applied to electric vehicles. The system consists of a battery bank and ultracapacitor (UC) connected through a high efficiency DC-DC converter which controls the energy exchange with the rest of the system. The aim of HESS is to provide the power demand to the traction system, but taking care of the currents dynamics (or power) required to the battery, in order to preserve its lifetime. Experimental results are provided to verify the control strategy implemented in the HESS, using a pulsating load to represent the demands of a traction system.

A new control strategy for obtaining the maximum traction force of electric vehicles with individual rear-wheel drive is presented. A sliding-mode observer is proposed to estimate the wheel slip and vehicle velocity under unknown road conditions by measuring only the wheel speeds. The proposed observer is based on the LuGre dynamic friction model and allows the maximum transmissible torque for each driven wheel to be obtained instantaneously. The maximum torque can be determined at any operating point and road condition, thus avoiding wheel skid. The proposed strategy maximizes the traction force while avoiding tire skid by controlling the torque of each traction motor. Simulation results using a complete vehicle model under different road conditions are presented to validate the proposed strategy.

A longitudinal velocity estimation scheme is analyzed in this paper. Besides, its adaptation for being used in a rear-wheel drive (2WD) Electric Vehicle (EV) is evaluated. The velocity estimation is based on the fusion of the available measurements, which are the vehicle longitudinal acceleration and angular velocities on each wheel. The aim of this analysis is to obtain an accurate longitudinal-velocity estimation based on the knowledge of the weight of credibility that each sensor has at different operations points. Fuzzy logic is used as the information processing tool. In order to validate the strategy, a hybrid simulation platform is used, which involves CarSim software for the vehicle dynamic model simulation and Simulink to implement the data fusion strategy.

In this paper a stability control system for a rear-wheel drive (2WD) Electric Vehicle (EV) with differential traction is proposed. The control strategy ensures vehicle stability in maneuvers near grip limit. Additionally, conditions where the vehicle reaches the limit of cornering stability even using a Direct Yaw Control (DYC) are analyzed. From these bases, a first approach of a brake control that increases vehicle stability region is introduced in order to improve the safety under risky maneuvers.

This paper presents the implementation of a Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) for electric vehicles. Two semi-active configurations are analyzed: semi-active Ultracapacitor (UC) and semi-active Battery. Control of the energy of one of the storage elements is performed by a bidirectional non-isolated DC-DC converter. The control strategy is based on the separation of the dynamic components of the power required by the load. Namely, while the UC provides fast dynamic power components efficiently, the complement is provided by the battery bank. The separation of the required power into two components is performed by a filter with variable bandwith depending on UC voltage, which allows obtaining an efficient HESS. Experimental results verifying the HESS control strategies for both semi-active configurations are presented, using a pulsating load to represent the demands of a traction drive system.

[ES] En este trabajo se propone una estrategia de control de tracción para un vehículo eléctrico de cuatro ruedas, basada en observadores no lineales que permiten estimar la fuerza máxima que se puede transferir al suelo. El conocimiento de la fuerza máxima permite realizar un control del deslizamiento de los neumáticos de tracción, evitando que las ruedas patinen aún en superficies de baja adherencia. La estrategia propuesta permite además evitar que se produzca un momento de guiño no deseado en el vehículo cuando las condiciones de suelo a cada lado del mismo son diferentes. Con ello se logra mejorar la eficiencia y el control del vehículo, evitando posibles pérdidas de estabilidad que pueden resultar en riesgos para sus ocupantes. Tanto el observador como el control propuestos son diseñados en base a un modelo dinámico rotacional de la rueda y un modelo de fuerzas de brush. Se presentan resultados de simulación obtenidos empleando un modelo completo de vehículo sobre la plataforma Simulink/CarSim., [EN] A traction control strategy for a four-wheel electric vehicle is proposed in this paper. The strategy is based on nonlinear observers which allows estimating the maximum force that can be transmitted to the road. Knowledge of the maximum force allows controlling the slip of the driving wheels, preventing the wheel’s slippage in low-grip surfaces. The proposed strategy also allows to avoid the undesired yaw moment in the vehicle which occurs when road conditions on either side of it are dierent. This improves the eciency and the control of the vehicle, avoiding possible losses of stability that can result in risks for its occupants. Both the proposed observer and the control strategy are designed based on a dynamic rotational model of the wheel and a brush force model. Simulation results are obtained based on a complete vehicle model on the Simulink/CarSim platform., Este trabajo fue financiado por la Universidad Nacional de Rıo Cuarto, FONCyT-ANPCyT (Subsidio PICT-2014-2760) y CONICET (Subsidio PIP 2014-2016 GI 11220130100517CO).

Design and implementation of a Luenberger nonlinear observer to estimate the road condition in a 4-wheel electric vehicle is presented in this paper. Knowledge of the road condition allows controlling the force transmitted to the road by traction wheels, thus preventing slippage even in low-traction surfaces. This is done to improve vehicle control and prevent loss of stability that may be risky. The proposed observer is based on a rotational dynamic model of the wheel and a Dugoff force model. The proposal is validated by simulation using a full vehicle model on Simulink/CarSim platform.

In this paper the construction of a model that represents the behavior of an Electric Vehicle is described. Both the mechanical and the electric traction systems are represented using Multi-Bond Graph structural approach suited to model large scale physical systems. Then the model of the controllers, represented with a functional approach, is included giving rise to an integrated model which exploits the advantages of both approaches. Simulation and experimental results are aimed to illustrate the electromechanical interaction and to validate the proposal. Fil: Silva, Luis Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Ingeniería. Grupo de Electronica Aplicada; Argentina Fil: Magallán, Guillermo Andrés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Ingeniería. Grupo de Electronica Aplicada; Argentina Fil: de la Barrera, Pablo Martin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Ingeniería. Grupo de Electronica Aplicada; Argentina Fil: de Angelo, Cristian Hernan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Ingeniería. Grupo de Electronica Aplicada; Argentina Fil: Garcia, Guillermo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto. Facultad de Ingeniería. Grupo de Electronica Aplicada; Argentina

This paper, describes the design and development of a Supervisory Control System (SCS) for an Electric Vehicle (EV) developed by The Applied Electronics Group. The SCS was implemented on a Panel PC, and the Controller Area Network protocol was used as the communication interface with the Traction Controller. This scheme allows implementing the complete control of the EV as two-level architecture, where the SCS works as a high-level controller coordinating the low-level subsystems (traction, batteries, etc.).

The construction of a model that represents the behavior of an Electric Vehicle is studied in detail. The contribution of this work is twofold. On one hand an efficient and compact way to model dynamical systems is introduced. On the other hand, the power interchange between the electrical and mechanical sub-models allows a deep understanding of the dynamics involved in electrically driven vehicles. The approach used to model the mechanical parts (chassis, suspension, wheels) and the induction motors is the Multi-Bond Graph based in models discussed in recent literature. Then these models are integrated in order to form the complete model that simulates the whole system dynamics. Simulation results are aimed to illustrate the electromechanical interaction (ABS, regenerative braking, etc) as well as the evolution of certain variables during a risky situation. Conclusions are obtained based on these results.

The implementation of a neighborhood electric vehicle with two independent wheel drives is presented. An electronic differential control is carry out by using two independent field-oriented controlled induction motors. Industrial standard induction motors were rewound to operate with low voltage (28 Vrms), while maintaining the original motor power. Two three-phase MOSFET inverters were built for these motor power requirements. The whole system is controlled using a single digital signal processor, TMS320F2812. Experimental results for different vehicle maneuvers are presented validating the right traction control operation.

This work addresses the development of a 4-wheels vehicle model capable to reproduce the complete dynamical behavior. The modeling task is firstly performed by the separated 3-D representation on the Dymola environment of the chassis, suspensions, tires and joints using the library for multi-bond graphs in 3-D mechanics. Secondly, these parts are connected to form the complete vehicle model. The compactness and resemblance with a real vehicle assembling is shown.The main contribution of this paper is to provide a model applicable to electric or hybrid vehicles where the complete dynamics can be simulated. The simulation results obtained illustrate ordinary situations where the inclusion of traction control and ABS are essential for the vehicle safety and stability.

A simple traction control implementation of a Neighbourhood Electric Vehicle (NEV) is presented in this paper. An electronic differential traction control is performed using two independent field-oriented controlled Induction Motors (IMs) mounted in the rear wheels. In order to reproduce a mechanical differential behaviour, an equal-torque traction control is carried out using only the IM's currents and speeds measurements. A basic self-blocking control is introduced to avoid uncontrolled wheel acceleration during equal-torque control action. The traction system allows energy recovery for batteries during vehicle braking through the IM's regenerative braking. Standard industrial IMs are rewound to operate on safe low voltage (28 Vrms) and to use standard DC-Link 42V, while maintaining the original motor power. Two three-phase MosFet inverters are built for these motor power requirements. The whole system is controlled using a single digital signal processor, TMS320F2812. Experimental results for different vehicle manoeuvres are presented to validate the right traction control operation.

[ES] En este trabajo se presentan diferentes técnicas de filtrado o cancelación de interferencia armónica en señales de medición para la detección de fallas en motores eléctricos. El objetivo es eliminar de las señales de medición aquellas componentes producidas por la red eléctrica, dejando únicamente las componentes útiles para el diagnóstico de fallas. Para dicha aplicación se evalúa el diseño de filtros en el dominio de la frecuencia (tipo comb) y de técnicas multirate, de procesamiento digital en el dominio temporal., [EN] Several techniques for removing harmonic interference from the measurement signals for fault detection on electric motors are presented. The objective is to eliminate from the signal spectrum, such components produced by the electric supply, but leaving only the components needed for the fault diagnostic. The design of frequency domain filters (comb filters) and time domain (multirate) techniques is evaluated for this application., Este trabajo fue financiado por FONCyT-ANPCyT, CONICET y la UNRC.