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A pilot study was carried out to establish baseline information for a reclamation strategy for the proposed Camp Caiman Au project. The project is located in an area where most existing mining activities are illegal small scale/artisanal mining sites. The project was undertaken in 2008 and 2009 using a site located on an exploration permit where mining operations had occurred 15 years before. During the first year excavation, land levelling, ground unpacking and planting were carried out. Two protocols were employed. The first involved planting cuttings on lines using 13 different pioneer species, in particular the high nitrogen fixing species Clitoria fairchildiana, planting of seeds in line space using 9 different pioneer species and planting on lines of 54 different forest tree species from a nursery. The second involved planting of about 20 pioneer special using cuttings in lines and seeds in line space, with Clitoria fairchildiana and Acacia mangium, respectively, being employed as high nitrogen fixing species for the cuttings and seeds. Monitoring of the quantitative and qualitative growth of plants and trees showed encouraging results, particularly for the first protocol. Optimisation of this protocol and expansion of the reclamation area to 5 hectares were carried out during the second year. Project success was confirmed more than two years after the plantation was established by strong plant growth and the establishment of more than 100 species per hectare., A pilot study was carried out to establish baseline information for a reclamation strategy for the proposed Camp Caiman Au project. The project is located in an area where most existing mining activities are illegal small scale/artisanal mining sites. The project was undertaken in 2008 and 2009 using a site located on an exploration permit where mining operations had occurred 15 years before. During the first year excavation, land levelling, ground unpacking and planting were carried out. Two protocols were employed. The first involved planting cuttings on lines using 13 different pioneer species, in particular the high nitrogen fixing species Clitoria fairchildiana, planting of seeds in line space using 9 different pioneer species and planting on lines of 54 different forest tree species from a nursery. The second involved planting of about 20 pioneer special using cuttings in lines and seeds in line space, with Clitoria fairchildiana and Acacia mangium, respectively, being employed as high nitrogen fixing species for the cuttings and seeds. Monitoring of the quantitative and qualitative growth of plants and trees showed encouraging results, particularly for the first protocol. Optimisation of this protocol and expansion of the reclamation area to 5 hectares were carried out during the second year. Project success was confirmed more than two years after the plantation was established by strong plant growth and the establishment of more than 100 species per hectare.

The aim of this research is to discover ways that multi-stakeholder platforms for collaboration can be instrumental in the efforts of the media industry to achieve compliance with strategic sustainability and enhance its practices of Corporate Social Responsibility. Industries have gained awareness of their responsibilities towards environmental, social and economic welfare, and the media has a powerful role within society. The media industry's behavior is reflected both through its impacts of business operations as well as media products. The premise of this research suggests that an effective platform model fosters interpersonal, stimulating and energizing conversations amongst stakeholders in a neutral and friendly environment. In collaboration with various media stakeholders and showcasing an existing UK-based platform, the Media CSR Forum, and in investigating its structure and membership dynamics, it was possible to gain insight of common challenges for media companies. There is opportunity for commitment to developing solutions as an industry, and we identify the potential for platform models to help media companies plan strategically with the Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development. Strategic planning for sustainable development can help the media industry to face the challenge that their current contribution to un-sustainability represents and become a key player for sustainable societies

There are estimated to be 350 million chronic carriers of hepatitis B infection worldwide. Patients with chronic hepatitis B are at risk of liver cirrhosis with associated mortality because of hepatocellular carcinoma and other complications. An important goal, therefore, is the development of an effective therapeutic vaccine against chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV). A major barrier to the development of such a vaccine is the impaired immune response to HBV antigens observed in the T cells of affected patients. One strategy to overcome these barriers is to activate mucosal T cells through the use of nasal vaccination because this may overcome the systemic immune downregulation that results from HBV infection. In addition, it may be beneficial to present additional HBV epitopes beyond those contained in the traditional hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg) vaccine, for example, by using the hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg). This is advantageous because HBcAg has a unique ability to act as a potent Th1 adjuvant to HbsAg, while also serving as an immunogenic target. In this study we describe the effect of coadministration of HBsAg and HBcAg as part of a strategy to develop a more potent and effective HBV therapeutic vaccine.