Search

International audience; With the recent digitization of the construction industry, the management of a project, from the idea to the use phases, is now based on the Building Information Modelling System (BIM). While the use of BIM begins to show its effectiveness in building construction, it does not satisfy yet linear infrastructure domain. One of the requirements is to manage the infrastructure project data around a common information system, as defined by the Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) definition. Recent studies suggest the combined use of PLM and BIM for linear infrastructure construction projects such as roads and railways.The advent of new information technologies, such as Digital Twin, is promoting industrial digital transformation. Effective lifecycle management must now consider all phases of the project, especially Operations and Maintenance (O&M), where the use of the 3D model is no longer the digital model, but the digital duplicate of the Infrastructure. To facilitate the digital transition when projects are split into several phases, the linear infrastructure must be represented by one and only one Digital Twin during its life cycle.

Managing an infrastructure today from the idea to the in-use phases is mainly addressed through BIM (Building Information Modelling) functionalities. As BIM often focuses on the management of building data, it hardly covers the specificities of infrastructures. The problem becomes critical when dealing with linear infrastructures. Such infrastructures are driven by linear installations across multiple constructions in which interactions with specific information, geotechnical or topographic information for example, are required.As PLM (Product Lifecycle Management) has shown its efficiency in the past decade for the management of different expertise through a common information system, we propose to study the functionalities covered by PLM. By comparing them to those covered by BIM, we will be able to identify a basic set of functions that could meet linear infrastructures management requirements.

International audience; Expertise represents important capital in a company. The loss of this kind of knowledge has pushed companies to look for a means to capitalize on it so as to use in the future. In the design domain, many companies usually learn from previous similar experience, the designers develop an existing solution, or try to rework an old solution in order to adapt it to a new requirement. This tendency to reuse old solutions is strengthened by constraints of time, efficiency and search for maximum reliability. Therefore, the importance of the capitalization of design project knowledge is increasing more and more. This paper presents techniques to acquire and represent this type of knowledge in a design project memory, using Product Lifecycle Management platforms.

International audience; Information Systems, used to share information, lead to the growth of heterogeneous data and then the dependencies between them. Thus, the links and dependencies among heterogeneous and distributed data are more and more complex during daily activities of users (researchers, engineers, etc.). Our contribution is to propose a methodology to facilitate the exploitation (interrogation and sharing) of complex data in an organization. The system, we propose, tends to mix semantic approach with data management.

International audience; One of the major challenges for modern organizations is the management of individual and collective knowledge, which is at the root of specific practices designed to optimize knowledge acquisition, maintenance and application. There are, however, still a disproportionately low number of studies focused on the structure and nature of knowledge.This book tackles the subject of daily knowledge: the knowledge related to everyday tasks. How does this knowledge present itself in the mind? How do we acquire and preserve it?To answer these questions, the authors explore a number of techniques which help to keep track of information produced in collaborative activity and extract knowledge by aggregating these traces.

International audience; To improve the cooperative knowledge discovery (CKD) classification methods, three tests have been created for design projects: software design, product life cycle management (PLM) system design and ecodesign projects. This chapter presents these tests and their analysis. Management knowledge tries to reveal the social influence on decision making and project realization. The chapter examines how competences of actors influence their behaviors in the decision‐making process. The CKD framework tries to tackle the problem of knowledge management with knowledge engineering methods, and knowledge management needs to be implemented in the organization through education. In the three examples, cooperative knowledge of problem solving and management is discovered: there is no knowledge of project planning since the three examples donor involves product development. The results of these examples prove that cooperative knowledge can be obtained from classification and that the knowledge is meaningful and can be learned.

International audience; Reverse engineering (RE) is an area of current interest in which physical models are measured or digitised to obtain a virtual model. Currently, geometric models are rebuilt using geometric approaches. These models are generally frozen (i.e. not parameterisable and not easy to modify). This paper deals with a new knowledge-based approach for reverse engineering that enables nonfrozen computer-aided design (CAD) models. According to the product knowledge, we propose to assist CAD software application user to build the tree structure of the product. The proposed approach aims to obtain an engineering CAD model by merging existing geometric approach and the tree structure of the product.

International audience; The main goal of knowledge management is to promote learning from the past in an organization. Conceptual graphs use logic representation in order to allow reasoning among concepts. Currently, several works in knowledge engineering develop language as a resource description framework (RDF) and OWL in order to represent ontology in a computable form and to allow for reasoning. This chapter deals with the dynamic world, especially with cooperative processes and activities. So, the concepts are perduring concepts. In the chapter, a cooperative knowledge discovery (CKD) framework is proposed in order to obtain knowledge from traces of cooperative activities. Semantic network is used to represent knowledge structures and generic cooperative knowledge ontology is defined. CKD is based on heuristic classification and knowledge discovery principles. In addition, CKD makes explicit knowledge from cooperative activity by considering the following two aspects: knowledge representation and knowledge capturing.

International audience; Information Systems, used to share information, lead to the growth of heterogeneous data and then the dependencies between them. Thus, the links and dependencies among heterogeneous and distributed data are more and more complex during daily activities of users (engineers, researchers, etc.). Ontology is currently used to enhance the knowledge sharing and the data integration in many information systems. Our contribution is to propose a methodology to facilitate the exploitation (interrogation and sharing) of data in an organization using Bio-Imaging ontology.

Part 3: Knowledge Based Production Management; International audience; Information Systems, used to share information, lead to the growth of heterogeneous data and then the dependencies between them. Thus, the links and dependencies among heterogeneous and distributed data are more and more complex during daily activities of users (engineers, etc.). Ontology is currently used to enhance the knowledge sharing and the data integration in many information systems. Our contribution is to propose a methodology to facilitate the exploitation (interrogation and sharing) of data in an organization.

The paper presents smooth product information and knowledge exchange (SPIKE), an ontology–based methodology for exchanging information between product lifecycle management (PLM) systems. SPIKE does not concern a limited manufacturing field or specific industrial sector. The concerned information deals with the whole product lifecycle information except the geometric or 3D data. The product lifecycle information is not handled exclusively by PLM systems; they are also managed by other systems such as enterprise resource planning. The proposed exchange approach does not lead to any technology constraint or tool. It presents an implementation of SPIKE based on the standard semantic web languages via the I–Semantec platform.

Part 1: Knowledge Discovery and Sharing; International audience; Design projects have evolved to be collaborative, concurrent and multi-disciplinary. Due to these changes, knowledge management for design projects faces new challenges, in order to represent all the elements in a collaborative design project, it is necessary to consider not only decision-making process, but also its context and interaction with other elements.

International audience; Knowledge management has become a vital strategy to conserve company knowledge and to reuse them. Research in this area has always been consenting on domain knowledge, domain ontology, expert systems etc. have been developed to manage professional domain knowledge, but less effort has been done on cooperative knowledge. In this paper, a cooperative knowledge discovery method DKD is proposed, we elaborated this method in design project knowledge management area.

This paper focuses on the impact of Design Change Orders (DCO) on the product data into a PLM platform. In a context of concurrent engineering, we concentrate on the management of product data associated to the product structure. As PLM platform architecture is not fully adapted to conduct DCO on the product data, we propose a specific approach for facilitating DCO execution and comprehension. In this context, a constraint based approach is proposed. The aim of this approach is to provide a view of all the product data concerned by the DCO at the beginning of the DCO process. Based on this view, called product data constraint graph, the project leader can assign the corresponding resources to the DCO process. An example illustrates the benefits of our proposition and the first results concerning this underdevelopment approach are presented.

International audience; As concurrent design has changed the landscape of design project management, knowledge management method is introduced in this field to enhance learning in an organization. However, new challenges arise for knowledge management in concurrent design projects: knowledge has changed from domain expert knowledge to organizational cooperative knowledge; simple knowledge conceptualization is not sufficient to represent interactions between concepts. Therefore, aims for these challenges, a new cooperative knowledge discovery method based on semantic networks by classification on concept interactions is proposed.

International audience; This paper focuses on Reverse Engineering (RE) domain in mechanical design. RE is an activity which consists of creating a Computer-Aided Design (CAD) model from a 3D point cloud. The CAD models obtained using modern software applications are generally 'frozen' (i.e. a set of free form surfaces or a set of geometrical features in a manifold static model). Redesigning activities of these models are thus impossible. This paper proposes Knowledge-Based Reverse Engineering (KBRE), an approach which combines knowledge-based engineering with classical approaches in RE. The combination allows us to obtain a dynamic model (i.e. a set of manufacturing and design features with constraints, parameters, rules and relationships). A redesigning activity is then possible from this type of model.

Part 8: PLM Maturity and Improvement Concepts; International audience; In a development process, Digital Mock-Up (DMU) is the referential view of the developed product, all along the product states (“as-design”, “as-manufactured”, etc.). In case of long lifetime products, such as boats or planes, each released product has its own DMU. During the use, maintenance operations are made. Some of the modifications are made “on field” and are not always reported to the DMU which is no longer mature. The product lifecycle is impacted and not efficient anymore. This paper focuses on a systematized methodology for checking the maturity level of a DMU by confronting it to the real product it is intended to represent. DMU inconsistencies correspond to unreported product components modifications. The first step of the process is a global comparison between the DMU and a digitization of the in-use product using the Reeb graph. The used comparison criterion is the topology. The second step is to identify the kept DMU components in the digitized dataset and thus deduce inconsistencies. That step implies a new shape descriptor combining topological and functional descriptions of a mechanical part: the Functional Reeb Graph.

Part 1: Knowledge Management; International audience; Latest technological advances, driven by an increased industrial competitiveness, lead to the development of more complex technical products, which implement technologies from multiple fields of expertise (mechanics, electronics…). The successful design of such kind of products requires the ability of the involved team to communicate, collaborate and integrate their knowledge and know how. This usually causes data integrity problems, making it more difficult to access product information and knowledge distributed in various and heterogeneous systems, for knowledge management and reuse purposes. In such a context of knowledge management, methods and tools for information extraction and visualization play a major role, given their capacity to extract, represent and organize engineering information and knowledge throughout product lifecycle. The paper proposes a semantic relationship based management approach to improve product Beginning Of Life (BOL).

Part 2: PLM Ecosystem; International audience; Reverse Engineering (RE) of mechanical parts consists in creating a 3D virtual model using data that are often gathered by 3D measurement systems like laser scanners. The resulting point cloud is then transformed into a geometrical model. The purpose of RE activity is to make maintenance or redesign operations easier. The boundary of the literature is the component, isolated from its product assembly. Because of on-field maintenance, a long time running in-use product may not reflect its Digital Mock-Up (DMU) anymore. In order to maintain an efficient lifecycle, the changes made have to be considered. This paper focuses on the development of a knowledge-based RE methodology to support the DMU maturity management: to identify the maturity defaults, which correspond to unreported changes, in the CAD assembly model in order to make it matching the real product. That approach is supported by a Core Product Model data model extension.

International audience; Over the past decade, construction industry has been faced to numerous changes and crisis. The paper summarizes the main technology challenges and stakeholders for Building Lifecycle Management (BLM). A survey of data exchange and Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) standard has been proposed to enable information sharing in construction project. A synthesis of Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) principles and best practices is also proposed to enhance BIM towards Building Lifecycle Management. Last, the BATILIVE proposal is introduced for specifying and implementation of next generation of BIM2.0 i.e. BLM.

International audience; The expertise represents an important capital in a company. The loss of this kind of knowledge has pushed the companies to look for a means to capitalize on it so as to use in the future. In fact, in many companies the design process usually learn from an old similar experience, the designers develop an existent solution, or try to take back old solution in order to adapt it to a new requirement. This tendency to reuse old solutions is strengthened by constraints of time, of efficiency and of search of a maximum of reliability. Therefore, the importance of the capitalization of design project knowledge is more and more increasing. This paper presents techniques to extract and to represent this type of knowledge in a project memory, using Process Life cycle Management (PLM) tools.

International audience; This paper proposes to discuss about the process of urban space development. According to many experts, urban space description is always system-oriented and is never considered as a product. Actually, these experts produce 3D models but hardly use these models as references to discuss and exchange data during the design-project. This paper is focusing on digital mock-up (DMU) approach for proposing a new way of thinking the design process of urban space. Considering a given urban space both within a system-oriented context and a product-oriented context will enable applying approaches that have brought many success stories in the manufacturing domain. The approach proposed in this paper aims to enable considering constraints on the urban space (product approach) as well as the flows that enter and exit of the urban space (system approach). DMU is then used to share data between all the actors of the project.

International audience; This paper focuses on reverse engineering (RE) in amechanical design domain. RE is an activity which con- sists in creating a full CAD model from a 3D points cloud. The aim of REis to suggest an activity of redesign in order to improve, repair or update the case of study. According to the users, the CAD models of RE softwares are usually frozen and do not allowan activity of redesigning. This paper shows a RE methodology which allows defining, saving and reus- ing geometrical features defined by knowledge analysis of the case of study. Thismethodology called knowledge based reverse engineering (KBRE) supports the knowledge man- agement. Knowledge is materialised by the features which are fitted in a points cloud.

This paper focuses on Reverse Engineering (RE) in mechanical design. RE is an activity which consists in creating a full CAD model from a 3D point cloud. The aim of RE is to enable an activity of redesign in order to improve, repair or update a given mechanical part. Nowadays, CAD models obtained using modern software applications are generally “frozen” because they are sets of triangles of free form surfaces. In such models, there are not functional parameters but only geometric parameters. This paper proposes the KBRE (Knowledge Based Reverse Engineering) methodology which allows managing and fitting manufacturing and/or functional features. In this paper, specific geometric algorithms are described. They allow extracting design intents in a point cloud in order to fit these features.

International audience; This paper focuses on Reverse Engineering (RE) in mechanical design. RE is an activity which consists in creating a full CAD model from a 3D point cloud. The aim of RE is to enable an activity of redesign in order to improve, repair or update a given mechanical part. Nowadays, CAD models obtained using modern software applications are generally “frozen” because they are sets of triangles of free form surfaces. In such models, there are not functional parameters but only geometric parameters. This paper proposes the KBRE (Knowledge Based Reverse Engineering) methodology which allows managing and fitting manufacturing and/or functional features. Specific geometric algorithms are described. They allow extracting design intents in a point cloud in order to fit these features.

International audience; Reverse engineering (RE) is a research field where physical models are measured or digitised in order to be reconstructed to obtain a clever CAD model with the opened geometry. The rebuilt geometric models using currently geometrical approaches are generally frozen or not re-usable. This paper deals with a new reverse engineering process which combines ldquoknowledge extractionrdquo of a part and classical techniques of 3D building. This combination of both approaches defines a methodology which assists the user in the reverse engineering process. The issued CAD model consists of topologic features structured in a tree of designing. This structure opens the geometry of the model and allows an underlying reverse engineering.