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Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is a rare but potentially fatal complication that can occur during hip arthroscopy. This usually occurs as a result of arthroscopic fluid passing into the retroperitoneal space through the psoas tunnel. From the retroperitoneal space, the fluid can then enter the intraperitoneal space through defects in the peritoneum. Previous studies have identified female sex, iliopsoas tenotomy, pump pressure, and operative time as potential risk factors for fluid extravasation. We present a method to measure intraoperative fluid deficit during hip arthroscopy to alert surgeons to possible ACS. Our proposed technique requires diligent intraoperative monitoring of fluid output through various suction devices, including suction canisters, puddle vacuums, and suction mats. The difference is then calculated from the fluid intake from the arthroscopic fluid bags. If the difference is greater than 1500 mL, then the anesthesiologist and circulating nurse are instructed to examine the abdomen for distension every 15 minutes. This, combined with other common symptoms such as hypotension and hypothermia, should alert the surgical team to the development of ACS. Despite limitations to this technique, this approach offers an objective method to calculate intra-abdominal fluid extravasation.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if the Single-Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) score correlates with existing validated hip-specific patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), including the Modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), the International Hip Outcome Tool (IHOT-33), the Hip Outcome Score, Activities of Daily Living subscale (HOS-ADL), and the Hip Outcome Score, Sport-Specific subscale (HOS-SS), for patients preparing to undergo hip arthroscopy for treatment of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS). Methods: A single surgeon’s operative database was retrospectively reviewed to identify patients undergoing primary hip arthroscopy for treatment of FAIS from April 2018 to October 2019. Patient-specific factors including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and duration of symptoms were collected. Preoperative SANE, mHHS, IHOT-33, HOS-ADL, and HOS-SS scores were analyzed. Statistical analysis using Pearson correlation was performed to identify the relationship between the SANE score and the mHHS, IHOT-33, HOS-ADL, and HOS-SS, preoperatively. Results: 154 patients were included in the study. The mean mHHS was 54.4 ± 11.7; mean IHOT-33 score was 32.7 ± 15.0; mean HOS-SS 42.9 ± 23.7; and mean HOS-ADL was 63.3 ± 1. The mean SANE score was 36.7 ± 19.9. The Simple Hip Score was directly correlated with the mHHS (P < .01), the IHOT-33 (P 1 year. Conclusion: The SANE score was strongly correlated with mHHS, IHOT-33, HOS-ADL, and HOS-SS in the preoperative setting for patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for treatment of FAIS. Given its simplicity, SANE may be a valuable tool for rapid assessment of joint function and pain in this patient population. Level of Evidence: IV, therapeutic case series.

Modeling of refining processes using metal-acid bifunctional catalysts involves an exponentially increasing number of species and reactions, which may rapidly exceed several thousands for complex industrial feedstocks. When building a model for such a process, a priori lumped kinetic models by chemical family do no longer meet the current requirements in terms of simulation details, predictive power and extrapolability. Due to the large number of elementary steps occurring in bifunctional catalysis, it would be quite unrealistic to manually build a detailed kinetic network of this scale. Hence, computer generation of the reaction network according to simple rules offer an elegant solution in such a case. Nevertheless, it remains difficult to determine and solve the kinetic equations, mainly due to the lack of analytical detail required by a detailed model. For several refining processes, however, reasonable assumptions on the equilibria between species allow to perform an a posteriori relumping of species, thus reducing the network size substantially while retaining a kinetic network between lumps that is strictly equivalent to the detailed network. This paper describes a network generation tool and the a posteriori relumping method associated with the single-event kinetic modeling methodology. This a posteriori relumping approach is illustrated for and successfully applied to the kinetic modeling of catalytic reforming reactions. La modélisation des procédés de raffinage utilisant des catalyseurs bifonctionnels métal-acide fait intervenir un nombre exponentiellement croissant d'espèces et de réactions qui peut rapidement dépasser plusieurs milliers pour des charges industrielles complexes. Lors de la réalisation d'un modèle de procédé, l'utilisation de modèles cinétiques de regroupement a priori par familles chimiques ne satisfait plus les besoins actuels de simulation détail- lée, de prédictivité et d'extrapolabilité. À cause du grand nombre d'étapes élémentaires impliquées dans la catalyse bifonctionnelle, il est déraisonnable de vouloir construire à la main un réseau cinétique détaillé d'une telle ampleur. La génération informatique du réseau réactionnel à partir de règles simples propose une solution élégante dans un tel cas. Malgré cela, l'établissement des équations cinétiques et leur résolu- tion reste difficile, essentiellement à cause du manque de détail analytique demandé par un modèle détaillé. Néanmoins, pour plusieurs procédés de raffinage, des hypothèses raisonnables concernant les équilibres entre espèces permettent d'effectuer un regroupement a posteriori des espèces, réduisant de cette manière la taille du réseau réactionnel tout en maintenant un réseau cinétique entre familles chimiques qui est strictement équivalent au réseau détaillé. Nous présentons ici les outils de génération de réseau et la méthode de regroupement a posteriori associés à la méthode de modélisation cinétique par événements constitutifs. Cette approche de regroupement a posteriori est illustrée et appliquée à la modélisation cinétique des réactions de reformage catalytique.

The single event modelling concept allows developing kinetic models for the simulation of refinery processes. For reaction networks with several hundreds of thousands of species, as is the case for catalytic reforming, rigorous relumping by carbon atom number and branching degree were efficiently employed by assuming chemical equilibrium in each lump. This relumping technique yields a compact lumped model without any loss of information, but requires the full detail of an explicitly generated reaction network. Classic network generation techniques become impractical when the hydrocarbon species contain more than approximately 20 carbon atoms, because of the extremely rapid growth of reaction network. Hence, implicit relumping techniques were developed in order to compute lumping coefficients without generating the detailed reaction network. Two alternative and equivalent approaches are presented, based either on structural classes or on lateral chain decomposition. These two methods are discussed and the lateral chain decomposition method is applied to the kinetic modelling of long chain paraffin hydroisomerization and hydrocracking. The lateral chain decomposition technique is exactly equivalent to the original calculation method based on the explicitly generated detailed reaction network, as long as Benson’s group contribution method is used to calculate the necessary thermodynamic data in both approaches. Le concept de modélisation par événements constitutifs permet de développer des modèles cinétiques pour la simulation des procédés de raffinage. Pour des réseaux réactionnels de centaines de milliers d'espèces, comme cela est le cas pour le reformage catalytique, le regroupement rigoureux par nombre d'atomes de carbone et degré de ramification a été utilisé efficacement en faisant l'hypothèse de l'équilibre chimique dans chaque groupe. Cette technique de regroupement conduit à un modèle regroupé compact sans perte d'information, mais nécessite tous les détails d'un réseau réactionnel complet, généré de manière explicite. Les techniques classiques de génération de réseaux deviennent inutilisables quand les hydrocarbures contiennent au delà d'environ 20 atomes de carbone à cause de la croissance extrêmement rapide du réseau réactionnel. Ainsi, des techniques implicites de regroupement ont été développées afin de calculer les coefficients de regroupement sans avoir à générer le réseau réactionnel détaillé. Deux approches alternatives et équivalentes sont présentées, basées soit sur une décomposition en classes structurales, soit une décomposition en chaînes latérales. Ces deux méthodes sont comparées et la méthode de décomposition en chaînes latérales est appliquée à la modélisation cinétique de l'hydrocraquage des paraffines longues. La méthode de décomposition en chaînes latérales est strictement équivalente à la méthode originelle basée sur la génération explicite du réseau réactionnel détaillé, pour autant que la méthode de contribution de groupe de Benson soit utilisée pour calculer les propriétés thermodynamiques dans chacune des approches.

The construction of kinetic models is an important step in the development of refining processes. Indeed, these models can be used to predict the performances of the process, to optimize the operation of a unit and to optimally design a reactor and the associated process (choice of the reactor configuration, determination of optimal operating conditions, use of recycles, etc.). The current demand for models is particularly focused towards the development of detailed predictive models that are able to account for significant changes in process operation. Hence, they need to allow for the extrapolation to considerably different operating conditions or to very diverse feedstocks. Kinetic modeling based on the single-event theory meets these requirements, since it allows detailed prediction of the composition, and hence the yield structure from the reactors. The single-event theory was initially developed for the radical chemistry occurring during thermal cracking [Clymans et Froment (1984) Comput. Chem. Eng. 8, 2, 137-142; Hillewaert et al. (1988) AIChE J. 34, 1, 17-24; Willems et Froment (1988a) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 27, 11, 1959-1966; Willems et Froment (1988b) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 27, 11, 1966-1971], later extended to acid catalysis [Baltanas et Froment (1985) Comput. Chem. Eng. 9, 1, 71-81; Baltanas et al. (1989) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 28, 899-910; Vynckier et Froment (1991) Modeling of the kinetics of complex processes upon elementary steps, in Kinetic and thermodynamic lumping of multicomponent mixtures, Astarita G., Sandler S.I. (eds), Elsevier Science Publishers BV, Amsterdam, pp. 131-161], and recently adapted to metal catalyzed processes [Lozano-Blanco et al. (2006) Oil Gas Sci. Technol. 61, 4, 489-496; Lozano- Blanco et al. (2008) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 47, 16, 5879-5891]. This methodology developed in the “Laboratorium voor Petrochemische Techniek” at Ghent University consists in constructing a reaction network which, although exhaustive, is described by a limited number of independent kinetic parameters. The behavior of complex feedstocks can therefore be predicted based on studies conducted on model molecules. This method is applied at IFP Energies nouvelles to several refining processes. The purpose of this article is to describe this methodology in a detailed manner and to present its application to the isomerization of C5-C6 paraffins. L’établissement de modèles cinétiques est une étape importante du développement de procédés de raffinage. En effet, ces modèles peuvent être utilisés pour prédire les performances du procédé, pour optimiser l’opération de l’unité et pour concevoir de façon optimale le réacteur et le procédé associé (choix du réacteur, détermination des conditions de marche optimale, utilisation de recyclages, etc.). La demande actuelle de modèles se focalise particulièrement sur la mise au point de modèles détaillés et prédictifs, qui sont capables de prendre en compte des variations importantes dans la conduite du procédé. De ce fait, ils doivent être extrapolables à des conditions opératoires très différentes ou à des charges très diverses. La modélisation cinétique par événements constitutifs satisfait ces critères car elle permet d’obtenir une prédiction détaillée des effluents des réacteurs. La théorie des événements constitutifs a été initialement développée pour la chimie radicalaire [Clymans et Froment (1984) Comput. Chem. Eng. 8, 2, 137-142; Hillewaert et al. (1988) AIChE J. 34, 1, 17-24; Willems et Froment (1988a) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 27, 11, 1959-1966; Willems et Froment (1988b) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 27, 11, 1966-1971] et a été étendue ultérieurement à la catalyse acide [Baltanas et Froment (1985) Comput. Chem. Eng. 9, 1, 71-81; Baltanas et al. (1989) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 28, 899-910; Vynckier et Froment (1991) Modeling of the kinetics of complex processes upon elementary steps, in Kinetic and thermodynamic lumping of multicomponent mixtures, Astarita G., Sandler S.I. (eds), Elsevier Science Publishers BV, Amsterdam, pp. 131-161], ainsi qu’à la catalyse métallique [Lozano-Blanco et al. (2006) Oil Gas Sci. Technol. 61, 4, 489-496; Lozano- Blanco et al. (2008) Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 47, 16, 5879-5891]. Cette méthodologie développée au “Laboratorium voor Petrochemische Techniek” à l’Université de Gand consiste à construire un réseau réactionnel exhaustif mais décrit par un nombre limité de paramètres cinétiques indépendants. Le comportement de charges complexes peut alors être prédit sur la base d’études effectuées sur des molécules modèles. Cette méthodologie est appliquée par IFP Energies nouvelles à plusieurs procédés de raffinage. L’objet de cet article est de décrire cette méthodologie de façon détaillée et de présenter son application à l’isomérisation des paraffines C5-C6.

Equine herpesviruses (EHV) infect horses early during life and the persistence of these viruses through establishment of latency represents a real risk. A better understanding of the immune response to EHV infection is necessary to improve our methods of prevention and decrease the risk of transmission. The objectives of this study were to characterise the cytokine gene expression profile of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) after in vitro EHV-1, EHV-4, and EHV-2 infection and to determine the efficacy of inactivated Parapoxvirus ovis (iPPVO) against these 3 viruses. PBMC were isolated from 3 horses and infected in vitro with EHV-1, EHV-4, or EHV-2 in the presence or absence of iPPVO. In vitro culture of PBMC with EHV-1, EHV-4, and iPPVO induced a significant increase of IFN-α, IFN-β, and IFN-γ gene expression. EHV-4 also triggered a significant increase of IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA. EHV-2 triggered a significant increase of IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA. The presence of iPPVO induced an earlier and stronger expression of IFN-α, IFN-β, and IFN-γ mRNA during EHV infection and reduced the inflammatory response induced by EHV-2. In conclusion, this study suggests that the presence of iPPVO potentiates the development of the immune response to in vitro EHV infection.

Chronic groin pain in the athlete can be a difficult problem to manage. Adductor dysfunction is the most common cause of groin pain in athletes, with the adductor longus being the tendon most commonly involved. The most reproducible finding for adductor longus tendinopathy is tenderness along the tendon with passive abduction and resisted hip adduction in extension. Magnetic resonance imaging and injection of a corticosteroid and anesthetic into the proximal muscle-tendon junction are both helpful in confirming the diagnosis. Nonoperative treatment may consist of protected weight bearing, ice application, ultrasonography, electrical stimulation, and gentle stretching with progressive strengthening. However, nonoperative management is not always successful. In these instances, surgical treatment can be quite effective. We present the indications, surgical technique, and rehabilitation protocol of adductor tenotomy for chronic tendinopathy. This can prove a useful tool for the treatment of recalcitrant groin pain attributable to the adductor longus.

In this paper, we have studied the effect of chlorine on the surface properties of gamma-alumina, especially on their acid properties. The use of FTIR spectroscopy and 31P MAS NMR of adsorbed trimethylphosphine allows to propose a chlorination mechanism. To correlate the surface properties of these chlorinated gamma-alumina with their catalytic properties, we have used a model reaction, the cracking of n-heptane under reforming conditions. The analysis of the correlation between acid properties determined by 31P MAS NMR and the catalytic results (in terms of activities and selectivities) allows to identify which sites are involved in the cracking reaction.

Race has been a market force in society for centuries. Still, the question of what constitutes focused and sustainable consumer research engagement with race remains opaque. We propose a guide for scholars and scholarship that extends the current canon of race in consumer research toward understanding race, racism, and related racial dynamics as foundational to global markets and central to consumer research efforts. We discuss the nature, relevance, and meaning of race for consumer research and offer a thematic framework that critically categorizes and synthesizes extant consumer research on race along the following dimensions: (1) racial structuring of consumption and consumer markets, (2) consumer navigation of racialized markets, and (3) consumer resistance and advocacy movements. We build on our discussion to guide future research that foregrounds racial dynamics in consumer research and offers impactful theoretical and practical contributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Access to original ortho thioether derivatives was achieved through a [3,3]-rearrangement in a one-pot two-step protocol. Several aryl-SCF3 compounds are reported by variation of the nitrile or of the trifluoroalkyl sulfoxide starting material. The variation of the perfluoroalkyl chain was also possible.

Abstract Speech-language therapists/pathologists (SLT/Ps) are key professionals in the management and treatment of primary progressive aphasia (PPA), however, there are gaps in education and training within the discipline, with implications for skills, confidence, and clinical decision-making. This survey aimed to explore the areas of need amongst SLT/Ps working with people living with PPA (PwPPA) internationally to upskill the current and future workforce working with progressive communication disorders. One hundred eighty-six SLT/Ps from 27 countries who work with PwPPA participated in an anonymous online survey about their educational and clinical experiences, clinical decision-making, and self-reported areas of need when working with this population. Best practice principles for SLT/Ps working with PwPPA were used to frame the latter two sections of this survey. Only 40.7% of respondents indicated that their university education prepared them for their current work with PwPPA. Competency areas of “knowing people deeply,” “practical issues,” “connectedness,” and “preventing disasters” were identified as the basic areas of priority and need. Respondents identified instructional online courses (92.5%), sample tools and activities for interventions (64.8%), and concrete training on providing care for advanced stages and end of life (58.3%) as central areas of need in their current work. This is the first international survey to comprehensively explore the perspectives of SLT/Ps working with PwPPA. Based on survey outcomes, there is a pressing need to enhance current educational and ongoing training opportunities to better promote the well-being of PwPPA and their families, and to ensure appropriate preparation of the current and future SLT/P workforce.

Abstract Exposure to ionizing radiation can induce genetic aberrations via unrepaired DNA strand breaks. To investigate quantitatively the dose–effect relationship at the molecular level, we irradiated dry pBR322 plasmid DNA with 3 MeV protons and assessed fragmentation yields at different radiation doses using long-read sequencing from Oxford Nanopore Technologies. This technology applied to a reference DNA model revealed dose-dependent fragmentation, as evidenced by read length distributions, showing no discernible radiation sensitivity in specific genetic sequences. In addition, we propose a method for directly measuring the single-strand break (SSB) yield. Furthermore, through a comparative study with a collection of previous works on dry DNA irradiation, we show that the irradiation protocol leads to biases in the definition of ionizing sources. We support this scenario by discussing the size distributions of nanopore sequencing reads in the light of Geant4 and Geant4-DNA simulation toolkit predictions. We show that integrating long-read sequencing technologies with advanced Monte Carlo simulations paves a promising path toward advancing our comprehension and prediction of radiation-induced DNA fragmentation.

Abstract In this national study, we analyzed population-level data from a representative longitudinal survey to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicidal ideation rates. Between April and May 2021, responses from 1793 adults aged 20 and older were collected regarding suicidal ideation. Our analysis revealed a significant increase in suicidal ideation during the pandemic's first year, with an age-adjusted incidence rate of 7.6%—nearly three times the pre-pandemic rate of 2.7%. Young adults, particularly those between 20 and 29 years of age, had a higher incidence of suicidal ideation (10.9%) in contrast to those aged 30 and older (6.6%). Furthermore, 21.4% of young adults aged 20 to 29 reported having experienced suicidal ideation at some point in their lives, compared to 13.1% among adults aged 30 and older, indicating a heightened susceptibility to suicidal ideation in this age group. Using multinomial logistic regression, the study identified factors like younger age and job loss due to COVID-19 as contributors to suicidal ideation with other sociodemographic variables, presenting new insights in the scientific literature. Job loss contribution was independent of the age effect. The study highlights a significant increase in suicidal ideation during the pandemic, particularly among young adults, emphasizing the need for targeted mental health interventions and prioritizing their well-being for future public health strategies.

Abstract As major terrestrial carbon sinks, forests play an important role in mitigating climate change. The relationship between the seasonal uptake of carbon and its allocation to woody biomass remains poorly understood, leaving a significant gap in our capacity to predict carbon sequestration by forests. Here, we compare the intra-annual dynamics of carbon fluxes and wood formation across the Northern hemisphere, from carbon assimilation and the formation of non-structural carbon compounds to their incorporation in woody tissues. We show temporally coupled seasonal peaks of carbon assimilation (GPP) and wood cell differentiation, while the two processes are substantially decoupled during off-peak periods. Peaks of cambial activity occur substantially earlier compared to GPP, suggesting the buffer role of non-structural carbohydrates between the processes of carbon assimilation and allocation to wood. Our findings suggest that high-resolution seasonal data of ecosystem carbon fluxes, wood formation and the associated physiological processes may reduce uncertainties in carbon source-sink relationships at different spatial scales, from stand to ecosystem levels.

Abstract Phase diagrams provide considerable information that is vital for materials exploration. However, the determination of multidimensional phase diagrams typically requires a significant investment of time, cost, and human resources owing to the necessity of numerous experiments or simulations. Machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques present a viable solution for expediting phase diagrams investigations. Additionally, effective visualization is critical for understanding phase diagrams. This study reports the development of AIPHAD (Artificial Intelligence technique for PHAse Diagram), an open-source web application to assist in the investigation and visual understanding of phase diagrams using active learning. AIPHAD employs PDC (Phase Diagram Construction) algorithm, which operates on the principle of uncertainty sampling in active learning. The AIPHAD application facilitates the examination of five diagram types: two-variable diagrams, three-variable diagrams, ternary sections, ternary phase diagrams, and quaternary sections. The efficacy of the application is demonstrated in the study of the Fe-Ti-Sn ternary system, where it efficiently identified the presence of the Heusler phase. The integration of machine learning tools with traditional materials science approaches showcased in this study has the potential to drive groundbreaking advancements in materials exploration and discovery.