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Species of the Campanulaceae described by Frei José Mariano da Conceição Vellozo in his Flora Fluminensis are revised. All of them were placed by Vellozo in the genus Lobelia; however, three names have been placed in the synonymy with other genera by previous revisions: L. fluminensis (= Siphocampylus fluminensis), L. ignea (= S. corymbifer), and L. purpurea (= Centropogon cornutus). The present work indicates L. alpina as a synonym of L. camporum. Among the species described by Vellozo, only L. fistulosa is currently accepted as a valid name, while L. ensiformis remains doubtful, not corresponding clearly to any known species. Five lectotypes are designated to clarify application of Vellozo’s names. Photos of the known species in situ are provided.

— Siphocampylus flavescens is a new species endemic from the Serra Negra region, in the Serra da Mantiqueira complex, in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. It is characterized mainly by being a polycarpic decumbent subshrub, with whorled phyllotaxis (usually three leaves per node), and by its entirely yellow corolla, which differentiates S. flavescens from all other Brazilian species of Siphocampylus. Morphologically, it is more related to S. fluminensis, from which it can be distinguished mainly by the entirely yellow corolla (vs. bicolor, with the tube reddish and the lobes yellowish or greenish). Minor differences include the equally denticulate leaf margin, with reduced teeth, the reduced widely obconic hypanthium, and the rounded capsule of S. flavescens (unequally denticulate to fimbriate leaf margin, larger obconic hypanthium, and obconic capsules in S. fluminensis). The new taxon is here described. We provide a distribution map, photographs, and an identification key to the Siphocampylus species found in Minas Gerais state. We also informally propose the inclusion of S. flavescens in the IUCN Red List as an Endangered (EN) species due its small area of occurrence and the growing human impact in the region.

The Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC) was established by the Conference of Parties in 2002 to decrease the loss of plant diversity, reduce poverty and contribute to sustainable development. To achieve this overarching goal, the GSPC has established a series of targets, one of which is to ensure that plant diversity is well understood, so that it can be effectively conserved and used in a sustainable manner. Brazil hosts more than 46,000 species of plants, algae and fungi, representing one of the most biodiverse countries on Earth, and playing a key role in the GSPC. To meet the GSPC goals of Target 1 and facilitate access to plant diversity, Brazil committed to preparing the List of Species of the Brazilian Flora (2008-2015) and the Brazilian Flora 2020 (2016-present). Managing all the information associated with such great biodiversity has proven to be an extremely challenging task. Here, we synthesize the history of these projects, focusing on the multidisciplinary and collaborative approach adopted to develop and manage the inclusion of all the knowledge generated though digital information systems. We further describe the methods used, challenges faced, and strategies adopted, as well as summarize advances to date and prospects for completing the Brazilian flora in 2020.

Buddleja bordignonii is a new species from southern Brazil. This species belongs to Buddleja sect. Buddleja ser. Thyrsoides, and is morphologically similar to B. cuneata, from which it can be distinguished by its leaves with attenuate base, leaf shape and length/width ratio, its longer peduncle of cymes, and pedicellate flowers. The species is restricted to one location in the Midwest region of Rio Grande do Sul, occurring in rocky shrublands in the municipality of Jari. We present here a morphological description, illustration and photographs of the new species. Also. we propose the inclusion of B. bordignonii in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species in the critically endangered (CR) category since its habitat has been drastically reduced by human activity.

In this work, we revise the taxonomy of Buddleja in Brazil. This genus has 16 native and two introduced cultivated and adventitious species in the country. We present here descriptions, distribution and habitat information, flowering and fruiting periods, taxonomic remarks, photographs and propose a conservation status for each species.

Studies have suggested that neuronal loss in Parkinson's disease (PD) could be related to the pacemaker activity of the substantia nigra pars compacta generated by L-type Ca(v) 1.3 calcium channels, which progressively substitute voltage-dependent sodium channels in this region during aging. Besides this mechanism, which leads to increases in intracellular calcium, other factors are also known to play a role in dopaminergic cell death due to overproduction of reactive oxygen species. Thus, dihydropyridines, a class of calcium channel blockers, and resveratrol, a polyphenol that presents antioxidant properties, may represent therapeutic alternatives for the prevention of PD. In the present study, we tested the effects of the dihydropyridines, isradipine, nifedipine, and nimodipine and of resveratrol upon locomotor behavior in Drosophila melanogaster. As previously described, paraquat induced parkinsonian-like motor deficits. Moreover, none of the drugs tested were able to prevent the motor deficits produced by paraquat. Additionally, isradipine, nifedipine, resveratrol, and ethanol (vehicle), when used in isolation, induced motor deficits in flies. This study is the first demonstration that dyhidropyridines and resveratrol are unable to reverse the locomotor impairments induced by paraquat in Drosophila melanogaster.

Resumo O gênero Buddleja apresenta dez espécies e duas subespécies no Paraná, das quais uma espécie é cultivada, e as demais nativas: Buddleja brachiata, B. cuneata, B. davidii (cultivada), B. elegans (B. elegans subsp. elegans e B. elegans subsp. angustata), B. grandiflora, B. hatschbachii, B. oblonga, B. ramboi (nova ocorrência para o estado), B. stachyoides e B. thyrsoides. O presente tratamento taxonômico apresenta chave de identificação, descrições, ilustrações e mapas de distribuição para cada táxon. Abstract The genus Buddleja has ten species and two subspecies in Paraná, from which one species is cultivated, and the others native: Buddleja brachiata, B. cuneata, B. davidii (cultivated), B. elegans (B. elegans subsp. elegans and B. elegans subsp. angustata), B. grandiflora, B. hatschbachii, B. oblonga, B. ramboi (new record for the state), B. stachyoides and B. thyrsoides. In this taxonomic treatment we present an identification keys, descriptions, illustrations and distribution maps for each taxon.