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It is important to develop effective strategies to construct enzymatic biofuel cell based self-powered biosensors. We report here the facile regulation of enzymatic loading capacity on the bioanode by utilizing a concatenated catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA)/hybridization chain reaction (HCR) and its application for self-powered microRNA-141 (miRNA-141) detection. To construct the bioanode, a concatenated CHA/HCR process triggered by miRNA-141 was conducted on the three-dimensional macroporous gold (3DMG) electrode to generate long double-stranded DNA nanowires for glucose oxidase immobilization. Quartz crystal microbalance study reveals that the enzymatic loading capacity on the bioanode increases at an increasing miRNA-141 concentration, leading to enhanced catalytic performance for glucose oxidation. The short-circuit currents of the assembled glucose/O

Xuan Feng,1,2 Feng Xue,3 Guihua He,4 Suiping Huang,4 Qing Ni1,3 1Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China; 2Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou, 225001, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Suiping Huang; Qing Ni Email gzdoctorhsp@126.com; nqingnn@163.comPurpose: Banxia xiexin decoction (BXXX) is a classical Chinese herbal compound for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. Its ingredients are also considered helpful for cancer rehabilitation. Here, we will explore the regulatory mechanism of BXXX acting on PD-L1 in gastric cancer (GC).Methods: GC samples and the general baseline data of the patients were collated. Immunohistochemical (IHC) detected the expression of programmed cell death-ligand 1(PD-L1), hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), interferon-γ receptor (IFNGR) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). ELISA detected the expressions of EGF, IFNG and IL-6 in serum samples. Network tools were used to analyze the potential molecules of BXXX. In the cell experiment, CCK-8 detected the cell proliferation. Tunel detected the apoptosis. Western blot detected the expression of related proteins. In animal experiments, the tumor volume of GC-bearing mice was observed. Expression of EGF, IFNG and IL-6 in the serum of tumor-bearing GC mice were detected by ELISA. Western blot detected the expression of related proteins.Results: The expressions of PD-L1, HIF-1, EGFR, IFNGR and TLR4 in the tissues of GC patients were significantly increased, and the expressions of EGF, IFNG and IL-6 in serum were increased. The molecular results of the network tools showed that BXXX and its main components have a targeting effect on the key molecules of each pathway in the PD-L1 regulatory network. Cell experiments showed that BXXX can inhibit the expression of PD-L1, HIF-1, EGFR and TLR4, but has no significant effect on the expression of IFNGR, thus inhibiting the proliferation and promoting the apoptosis of GC cells. The results were consistent with the animal experiments on tumor-bearing gastric cancer mice.Conclusion: BXXX inhibited the expression of PD-L1 through multi-target and multi-pathway regulation of major oncogenes in GC, thus effect cell proliferation and apoptosis.Keywords: banxia xiexin decoction, gastric cancer, PD-L1, multi-target and multi-pathway

Hollow nanostructures have attracted significant research interest in drug delivery systems due to their high capacities for drug loading and unique physicochemical properties, showing great potential in specific biomedical applications. Herein, hollow porphyrinic metal-organic framework (H-PMOF) nanoparticles with a mesoporous spherical shell have been fabricated via a facile self-sacrificial ZIF-8 nanoparticle template strategy. The H-PMOF nanoplatform not only demonstrates a greatly enhanced photodynamic therapy efficacy compared with nonhollow porphyrinic MOF nanoparticles but also can be used as a superior drug carrier to co-load doxorubicin (DOX) and indocyanine green (ICG) with an ultrahigh drug-loading capacity of 635%. Furthermore, cancer cell membrane camouflage of the (DOX and ICG)@H-PMOF composite nanoparticles affords a biomimetic nanoplatform, that is, (DOX and ICG)@H-PMOF@mem (DIHPm for short), with an outstanding homologous tumor-targeting and immune-escaping ability. Interestingly, DIHPm shows both pH-controlled and near-infrared laser-triggered DOX release. Both in vitro and in vivo studies of DIHPm demonstrate an excellent imaging-guided synergistic photodynamic/photothermal/chemotherapy anticancer activity with negligible systemic toxicity. The development of the high-performance H-PMOF nanoplatform provides new insights into the design of MOF-based multifunctional nanomedicines for combination cancer therapy and precise theranostics.

We report here Au nanoparticles (AuNPs)/SnS

The nanoplatforms based on upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have shown great promise in amplified photodynamic therapy (PDT) triggered by near-infrared (NIR) light. However, their practical in vivo applications are hindered by the overheating effect of 980 nm excitation and low utilization of upconversion luminescence (UCL) by photosensitizers. To solve these defects, core-satellite metal-organic framework@UCNP superstructures, composed of a single metal-organic framework (MOF) NP as the core and Nd3+-sensitized UCNPs as the satellites, are designed and synthesized via a facile electrostatic self-assembly strategy. The superstructures realize a high co-loading capacity of chlorin e6 (Ce6) and rose bengal (RB) benefitted from the highly porous nature of MOF NPs, showing a strong spectral overlap between maximum absorption of photosensitizers and emission of UCNPs. The in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that the dual-photosensitizer superstructures have trimodal (magnetic resonance (MR)/UCL/fluorescence (FL)) imaging functions and excellent antitumor effectiveness of PDT at 808 nm NIR light excitation, avoiding the laser irradiation-induced overheating issue. This study provides new insights for the development of highly efficient PDT nanodrugs toward precision theranostics.

Background China implements a comprehensive strategy of rule of law. In December 2019, some unexplained cases of pneumonia were found in Wuhan, Hubei Province. Declared the fight against coronavirus disease in 2019. In this struggle, the rule of law should also be used in the prevention and control of coronavirus diseases. And constantly committed to improving public anxiety and behavior. Research Objects and Methods In order to understand how China applies the rule of law in epidemic prevention and control and its benefits, this paper uses the method of literature research to study how China applies the rule of law in epidemic prevention and control before the 2019 coronavirus disease outbreak. There are four epidemic prevention stages from the 2019 coronavirus disease outbreak (December 2019) to November 20211. Articles provided for the study include laws, regulations, government documents, news from national media and other official sources. In order to test the influence of emotional behavior, 60 subjects were used in this study. The stressful life events scale was the adolescent self rating life events check list (ASLEC) compiled by Liu Xianchen. The scale consists of 27 items, and the six dimensions are interpersonal relationship, academic stress, punishment, loss, health adaptation and others. It measures the life events that have brought stress to the subjects in the past six months. The scale adopts Likert 6-point scoring method, and 0 ~ 5 points represent “no occurrence, no influence” to “occurrence and extremely serious influence”. Add the scores of all items. The higher the score, the more stressful life events. Internal consistency of life event scale α The coefficient is 0.876. Pearson correlation, standard deviation and statistical significance were used to illustrate the correlation. Independent sample t-test was used to verify the difference between high anxiety group and low anxiety group. According to the statistical value of anxiety, participants were divided into three groups: low, medium and high anxiety groups. The questionnaire includes two kinds of anxiety, namely debilitating anxiety and promoting anxiety. The relationship between anxiety and self-efficacy of students of different majors and genders was investigated by t-test, univariate, multivariate analysis of variance and regression analysis. Results The research shows that before the outbreak of coronavirus disease in 2019, China's epidemic prevention legal system has laid a solid foundation for combating coronavirus disease in 2019. In the four different stages of epidemic prevention and control, the rule of law lies in the prevention, treatment and control of coronavirus diseases and the punishment of illegal and criminal acts. The political and legal departments also participated in the epidemic prevention and control work together with front-line staff. In addition, the rule of law plays an important role in recovery operations. Public legal services and typical cases guide relevant departments to restore service companies. The public convenience services of the judiciary help people quickly resolve disputes without violating the epidemic prevention and control. In view of the deficiency of epidemic prevention and control, it has improved China's public health legal system and blocked the loopholes in the criminal law of the People's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the criminal law). Due to the complexity of coronavirus disease, people were afraid from the beginning. However, the effective application of law and penalty enhances people's confidence in prevention and control. However, there is no public psychological service law in China. The rule of law has supported the decisive achievements of the fight against the novel coronavirus, stabilized social order, and enhanced people's confidence in this fight. Conclusion Before and after the outbreak of coronavirus disease in 2019, the rule of law is very important for epidemic prevention and control. The rule of law not only helps to eliminate the virus, but also pays attention to the recovery action after the epidemic and new problems in epidemic prevention and control. The main work of the rule of law will change with the development of the epidemic. The application of law or penalty can appease people afterwards, but it is more important to establish a legal system of public psychological services. But what will not change is that epidemic prevention and control should follow the road of the rule of law. In short, the government should be fully aware of the importance of people's emotional factors. Actively improve the surrounding environment, enhance their respective roles, pay special attention to their own standardized language and behavior, and shift from single display to multi-dimensional management, coordination and cooperation. In the process of prevention and control, actively present personalized psychological state to patients, flexibly organize epidemic prevention activities, strive to create a relaxed and harmonious rehabilitation atmosphere, create a friendly and mutual emotional treatment relationship, encourage and guide more, and truly achieve people-oriented, so as to reduce anxiety and adjust the public psychology to the best state.

OBJECTIVE: Comparative analysis of the reduction effect of the evoked nystagmus in the non-affect side during Dix-Hallpike(D-H) or Roll-test in unilateral posterior semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo(PC-BPPV) and PC-BPPV without above evoked nystagmus. METHOD: Retrospective analysis of 210 patients diagnosed with unilateral PC-BPPV by G-Force BPPV CRP system was made. Among them, 18 patients exhibited positive nystagmus only when the non-affected side was stimulated by D-H test(Group A), 30 was evoked only when stimulated by Roll-test(Group B), 26 was evoked when stimulated by both Roll-test and the non-affected side D-H test(Group C), 136 without nystagmus in the above positions(Group D). All the patients were diagnosed by G-Force BPPV and were treated through simulative Epley or Semont CRP. Compare the reduction effect among the groups. RESULT: At the first time, the reduction effect of nystagmus in Group D was superior to those in Group A and Group C(P < 0.05). There was no difference between Group D and Group B(P>0.05). The difference between Group A and Group C was also non-significant(P>0.05). The average CRP times of the four groups(CRP until nystagmus disappeared or no longer alleviated) were 1.44±0.63(Group A), 1.46±0.65(Group B), 1.52±0.87(Group C) and 1.48±0.73(Group D)respectively. There were no statistic difference between four groups(P>0.05). The differences of final reduction effect between groups were the same as those at the first time. CONCLUSION: The first time reduction effect was less effective when nystagmus evoked the non-affect side during D-H test in unilateral PC-BPPV, while it might be irrelevant to the nystagmus evoked only in Roll-test. Although the times of CRP were similar among the groups, the final reduction effect of groups with nystagmus evoked the non-affect side during D-H was poorer.

Temperature is crucial for the performance of anaerobic digestion process. In this study of anaerobic digestion of swine manure, the relationship between the microbial gene expression and methane production at different temperatures (25–55 °C) was revealed through metatranscriptomic analysis. Daily methane production and total biogas production increased with temperature up to 50 °C, but decreased at 55 °C. The functional gene expression showed great variation at different temperatures. The function centralization (opposite to alpha-diversity), assessed by the least proportions of functional pathways contributing for at least 50% of total reads positively correlated to methane production. Temperature regulated methane production probably through reducing the diversity of functional pathways, but enhancing central functional pathways, so that most of cellular activities and resource were invested in methanogenesis and related pathways, enhancing the efficiency of conversion of substrates to methane. This research demonstrated the importance of function centralization for efficient system functioning.

A simple two-step/one-pot and highly efficient strategy for the synthesis of negletein from naturally abundant and inexpensive baicalin has been developed. In this one-pot sequence, esterification of baicalin catalyzed by concentrated H2SO4 in methanol followed by the treatment with excess NaBH4 afforded negletein in moderate yield. This method provides an additional approach for the synthesis of negletein.

Background Temperature is an important factor determining the performance and stability of the anaerobic digestion process. However, the microorganism-regulated mechanisms of temperature effects on the performance of anaerobic digestion systems remain further elusive. To address this issue, we investigated the changes in composition, diversity and activities of microbial communities under temperature gradient from 25 to 55 °C using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing approach based on genomic DNA (refer to as “16S rDNA”) and total RNA (refer to as “16S rRNA”). Results Microbial community structure and activities changed dramatically along the temperature gradient, which corresponded to the variations in digestion performance (e.g., daily CH4 production, total biogas production and volatile fatty acids concentration). The ratios of 16S rRNA to 16S rDNA of microbial taxa, as an indicator of the potentially relative activities in situ, and whole activities of microbial community assessed by the similarity between microbial community based on 16S rDNA and rRNA, varied strongly along the temperature gradient, reflecting different metabolic activities. The daily CH4 production increased with temperature from 25 to 50 °C and declined at 55 °C. Among all the examined microbial properties, the whole activities of microbial community and alpha-diversity indices of both microbial communities and potentially relative activities showed highest correlations to the performance. Conclusions The whole activities of microbial community and alpha-diversity indices of both microbial communities and potentially relative activities were sensitive indicators for the performance of anaerobic digestion systems under temperature gradient, while beta-diversity could predict functional differences. Microorganism-regulated mechanisms of temperature effects on anaerobic digestion performance were likely realized through increasing alpha-diversity of both microbial communities and potentially relative activities to supply more functional pathways and activities for metabolic network, and increasing the whole activities of microbial community, especially methanogenesis, to improve the strength and efficiency in anaerobic digestion process. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12934-016-0491-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Additional file 1. Additional figures.

An efficient synthetic approach to access oroxin A from inexpensive baicalin (I) is developed.

Early deafness results in a redistribution of more attentional resources to the visual periphery in near space, specifically under conditions of selective attention, probably to compensate for the loss of auditory alertness to potentially dangerous stimuli from outside the current attentional focus. It remains poorly understood, however, whether spatial distribution of attention in far space is altered by early deafness as well. In the present study, we investigated whether and how early deafness alters the distribution of visuospatial attention in far space, compared to hearing controls. We asked deaf individuals and hearing controls to perform a flanker task with either peripheral or central distractors, either in near or far space. Sizes of compatibility effect were used to assess the amount of attentional resources received by the peripheral and central distractors. In near space, peripheral distractors induced significantly larger compatibility effect in deaf individuals than in hearing controls while central distractors induced significantly larger compatibility effect in hearing controls than in deaf individuals. On the other hand in far space, although peripheral distractors induced equivalent sizes of compatibility effect in the deaf and hearing groups, central distractors caused significant compatibility effect only in deaf individuals, but not in hearing controls. Our results suggest that early deafness results in a redistribution of visuospatial attention not only in near space but also in far space, with enhanced peripheral attention in near space and enhanced central attention in far space.

To construct recombinant yeast strains which can produce hybrid antimicrobial peptides with natural activity and determine the optimum conditions for expression,the SacⅠ-linearized recombinant expression vectors pPICZα-A-CecropinB(1~10)-Magainin2(1~12)(pPICZα-A-CBMA) and pPICZα-A-Lfcin-Pro-CecropinB(pPICZα-A-LPCB) were transformed into Pichia pastoris X-33 by electroporation,respectively.The positive clone strains were screened with Zeocin and identified by PCR.The protein expression was induced by methanol and the antibacterial activity was tested through antibacterial experiments.Furthermore,the expression conditions of hybrid peptide LPCB were optimized and the stability of plasmid was tested by culture.The results showed that the genetic engineering strains P.pastoris X-33/pPICZα-A-CBMA and P.pastoris X-33/pPICZα-A-LPCB were successfully constructed.The expression product of the former exhibited little antimicrobial activity,while the latter exhibited relatively stronger activity.And the optimum expression conditions of LPCB were as follows: Temperature 25 ?C,pH neutral,adding 0.5%(V/V,φ) methanol to culture every 24 h,induced expression time 72 h.P.pastoris X-33/pPICZα-A-LPCB was cultured for 100 generations and no plasmid was lost.