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What Is Known and Objective: Drug eluting beads (DEBs) theoretically improve the efficacy and safety of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nonetheless, their economic profile has not been assessed. Our retrospective before/after study aimed to compare efficacy, safety and economic profile of two strategies of TACE without (Period 1) or with the possibility of using DEBs (Period 2)., Methods: All HCC patients treated by TACE in our hospital between March 2006 and May 2013 were included. Economic analyses were performed from the French Public Health Insurance point of view according to the French Diagnosis-Related Group prospective payment system and from the analytic accountability., Results and Discussion: One hundred and sixty-one patients were included. Median time to treatment failure and overall survival were 13.1 and 23.8 months in Period 1 vs. 14.1 and 30.2 months in Period 2 (P = 0.45 and P = 0.40). Mean hospital durations and tariffs were 14.9 ± 7.7 days and € 11 472 ± 5901 in Period 1 vs. 12.4 ± 8.4 days and € 7654 ± 4625 in Period 2 (P = 0.03 and P < 10(-4) )., What Is New and Conclusion: The possibility of using DEBs did not improve the prognosis in HCC patients treated by TACE. Nonetheless, it had a better medico-economic profile., (© 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Unlabelled: Concerns have recently emerged about the quality of generic vancomycin products. Our aim is to analyze serum vancomycin concentrations measured 48 hours after the start of an empirical treatment regimen in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who received one of the two generic vancomycin products available in France., Patients and Methods: Seventy-nine AML patients treated with vancomycin during two study periods were included in the study. Our vancomycin dosing regimen was based on the patients' total body weight adjusted for renal clearance., Results: A total of 93 serum vancomycin concentrations were collected: 31 in period 1 and 62 in period 2. In bivariate analysis, the mean serum vancomycin concentrations were not significantly different (19.9 ± 11.2 mg/L in period 1 vs 18.9 ± 6.0 mg/L in period 2, P=0.64). In the final generalized estimating equations model, serum vancomycin concentrations correlated statistically with a positive coefficient for age (P<0.001) and with negative coefficients for male sex (P=0.001) and hemoglobin level (P=0.021)., Conclusion: Serum vancomycin concentrations measured 48 hours after the start of an empirical treatment were not influenced by the nature of the generic product but correlated with age, sex and hemoglobin level in AML patients., (Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: Ephedrine is an emergency drug available in ampules and syringes need to be prepared in advance according to one of two strategies in our establishment: strategy 1 (S1: 1 ampule per patient) and strategy 2 (S2: 1 ampule per operating room). There are also prefilled syringes. Because of their high cost and conflicting results in the literature, we assessed the economic interest of using prefilled syringes compared with strategies S1 and S2., Type of Study: This was a prospective observational study., Patients and Methods: The consumption of ephedrine was recorded over two periods of 14 days: P1 with syringes prepared in advance according to S1 or S2 and P2 with the on-demand use of prefilled syringes., Results: The cost of a syringe of ephedrine prepared in advance (nurse time preparation included) was evaluated at €1.65 vs. €3.57 for a prefilled syringe. In operating rooms using S1, the use of prefilled syringes reduced overall the cost per patient about €1.22 and global annual costs by 72% (€2830), while the decrease was about €0.32 for the cost per patient and about 47% (€2760) for global annual costs for operating rooms using S2., Conclusion: The interest of our study is that we investigated different supply strategies for ephedrine within a large number of operating rooms. In our establishment, it was decided to use prefilled syringes in operating rooms that used S1. As well as the economic interest, prefilled syringes contributed to improved safety and saved nursing time., (Copyright © 2013 Société française d’anesthésie et de réanimation (Sfar). Published by Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: The aim of our study was to assess the results and cost of a treatment strategy involving transarterial chemoembolisation with drug eluting beads (DEB-TACE) in patients with unresectable non-metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)., Patients and Methods: This study included all patients treated with DEB-TACE in our hospital between January 2009 and December 2010. All patients received DEB-TACE on demand and were evaluated after each session., Results: Twenty-one patients received an average of 1.3 sessions. The median time to treatment discontinuation and median progression-free survival was 181 days and 295 days, respectively. Toxicity caused treatment discontinuation in three patients (14%). For the hospital, the average direct cost of treatment was €6,033 according to the analytical accounting system vs. €4,558 according to the official tariffs from the new French Diagnosis-Related Group prospective payment system (P=0.002)., Conclusion: In the treatment of HCC, on-demand DEB-TACE stabilises the disease in some patients but has not yet been thoroughly evaluated., (Copyright © 2012 Éditions françaises de radiologie. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the standard treatment in patients with unresectable non-metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). New drug eluting beads aim at improving efficacy of TACE in retaining as long as possible the anticancer drug within the tumor. Our monocentric study compares direct hospital medical costs, according to two different methods, for a first course of conventional TACE and for a first course of TACE using drug eluting beads in 30 patients with HCC. The average cost of a first course of conventional TACE valued by the analytic accounting system is 4 332 € versus 3 577 € for a first course of TACE using drug eluting beads. The average cost of a first course of conventional TACE valued by the official tariffs from the new French Diagnosis Related Group prospective payment system is 4 507 € (+175 €) versus 2 852 € (-725 €) for a first course of TACE using drug eluting beads. Our study shows that a first TACE using drug eluting beads, valued by the official tariffs from the new French Diagnosis Related Group prospective payment system, is significantly (p  =  0.006) less expensive than a first conventional TACE.

Introduction: Coronary thrombectomy is usually used to treat acute coronary syndrome. Many studies evaluated its benefit in this context however, it is still unknown if coronary characteristics are predictive of success or failure. The aim of our laboratory bench study was to evaluate the impact of angiographic characteristics on the thromboaspiration efficiency., Methods: Glass tubes of 150 mm in the length were used, with five diameters: 2; 2.6; 3; 3.6 and 4 mm; and for each diameter, three angulations: no angulation; 90° and 120°. Blood sample were taken from healthy subject and thrombi of 3 and 6 hours old were performed, with a constant volume for each test. Thromboaspirations were performed with an Export(®) catheter (Medtronic). The primary endpoint was total thrombectomy. A total of 240 thromboaspirations were performed., Results: A total thrombectomy was obtained for 71.2% of the tests. It was achieved more frequently with the smaller diameter, respectively: 100% for 2 mm, 81.3% for 2.6 mm, 89.6% for 3 mm vs 54.2% for 3.6 mm and 31.3% for 4 mm (P<0.001). No differences were observed between the 2 thrombi ages (73.3% for the 3 hours old thrombi and 69.2% for the 6 hours old thrombi, P = 0.476), nor between the three tube's angulations (77.5% for no angle, 66.3% for 90° and 70.0% for 120°, P = 0.278)., Results and Conclusion: This study shows an impact of the coronary diameters on the rate of thromboaspiration success with an Export(®) catheter. Beyond 3 mm of diameter, the rate of success is divided by 2: for diameters less or equal to 3 mm, 90.3% of success vs 42.7% for diameters greater than 3 mm (P<0.001). There is no difference of efficiency between the 3 and 6 hours old thrombi, neither between the tube's angulations. However, this is a preliminary and further works are needed to clarify how to optimize the aspiration and the impact of other catheters., (Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Aims: Despite the results of recent randomised studies, the systematic use of aspiration techniques in ST-elevation myocardial infarction has not been included in the new guidelines. To date, there have been very few bench tests of the different systems and the aim of our study was to test two catheters on different models of arteries with thrombi at six and 12 hours., Methods and Results: The test apparatus consisted of 3 mm diameter glass tubes of 150 mm in length. The thrombi were left for either six or 12 hours and ten models of tubes were used: straight, with a single bend and with two bends. Two types of catheters were tested: the Export® aspiration catheter (EAC) and the Proxis® embolic protection system (PES). The main assessment criterion was total thrombectomy. Total thrombectomy was achieved in only 55.3% of the tests and no difference appeared between the two systems. Total thrombectomy was achieved more frequently with 6-hour thrombi than with 12-hour thrombi for the two techniques, 62.5% vs. 42.5% (p = 0.018) and 67.5% vs. 48.7% (p = 0.025) for EAC and PES catheter, respectively. In contrast, total thrombectomy was more frequent in straight tubes and in tubes with a single bend than in tubes with double bends, respectively for EAC (64% vs. 44.8%, p = 0.028) and for PES (85.9% vs. 35.4%, p < 0.001)., Conclusions: The use of thrombectomy in the invasive management of acute coronary syndromes is growing. Our work on a "laboratory bench" reveals important technical differences. In consequence, in clinical practice, we speculate that the catheter system must be chosen according to both the artery anatomy and the delay between chest pain and PCI.

Background: Few data are available on the efficacy of and tolerance to palifermin in the preventive treatment of oral mucositis in autograft patients treated with conditioning protocols usually used in France., Methods: Our retrospective study bears on the first five candidates for autograft who benefited from prophylactic treatment with palifermin (60 microg/kg/day) between December 2005 and March 2006., Results: Despite the prophylactic treatment, 3 patients developed severe oral mucositis. Moreover, in 3 patients, palifermin was found to be responsible for the onset of severe toxidermia, which required, in 2 cases, interruption of the treatment., Conclusion: These results need to be confirmed by a larger study that would also make it possible to evaluate the impact of palifermin on morbi-mortality in autograft patients in France, and to determine the safety profile of this drug.

Objective: Intravenous-to-oral switch therapy is strongly recommended in the medical literature. The aim of this study was to assess how we can improve fluoroquinolone switch therapy., Methods: In this comparative prospective study, we analyzed 243 intravenous ciprofloxacin treatments and assessed the impact of promoting a switch to oral step-down therapy., Results: This study found that switches from intravenous to oral therapy increased, mainly in medical wards, and led to significant savings in direct costs., Discussion: Promoting switch therapy has improved clinical practices in antibiotic use and led to lower direct and probably indirect drug-related costs., Conclusion: Our findings will help define the role of switch therapy in improving clinical practices in inpatient antibiotic use.