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1. 2023 DZ2 Planetary Defense Campaign

Author

Vishnu Reddy, Michael S. Kelley, Lance Benner, Jessie Dotson, Nicolas Erasmus, Davide Farnocchia, Tyler Linder, Joseph R. Masiero, Cristina Thomas, James Bauer, Miguel R. Alarcon, Paolo Bacci, Daniel Bamberger, Adam Battle, Zouhair Benkhaldoun, Guido Betti, Mirel Birlan, Marina Brozovic, Brian Burt, David C. Cantillo, Sunil Chandra, Gregoire Chomette, Ashley Coates, Francesca DeMeo, Maxime Devogèle, Petr Fatka, Marin Ferrais, Paolo Fini, Carel van Gend, Jon D. Giorgini, Dmitry Glamazda, Robert Holmes, Joseph L. Hora, Shinji Horiuchi, Kamil Hornoch, Marco Iozzi, Cristóvão Jacques, Emmanuel Jehin, Hai Jiang, Galina Kaiser, Peter Kušnirák, Eduard Kuznetsov, Julia de León, Alexios Liakos, Javier Licandro, Tim Lister, Jing Liu, Andy Lopez-Oquendo, Martina Maestripieri, Donovan Mathias, Marco Micheli, Shantanu P. Naidu, Alessandro Nastasi, Alin Nedelcu, Elisabeta Petrescu, Marcel Popescu, Stephen B. Potter, Petr Pravec, Juan Sanchez, Toni Santana-Ros, Miquel Serra-Ricart, Nick Sioulas, Adrian Sonka, Alessio Squilloni, Maura Tombelli, Madalina Trelia, David E. Trilling, Elizabeth Warner, Guy Wells, Lorien Wheeler, and Mike Wiles

Subjects
Asteroids, Achondrites, Near-Earth objects, Small Solar System bodies, Close encounters, Astronomy, QB1-991
Abstract

We present the results of a fourth planetary defense exercise, focused this time on the small near-Earth asteroid (NEA) 2023 DZ2 and conducted during its close approach to the Earth in 2023 March. The International Asteroid Warning Network (IAWN), with support from NASA's Planetary Defense Coordination Office (PDCO), has been coordinating planetary defense observational campaigns since 2017 to test the operational readiness of the global planetary defense capabilities. The last campaign focused on the NEA Apophis, and an outcome of that exercise was the need for a short burst campaign to replicate a real-life near-Earth object impact hazard scenario. The goal of the 2023 DZ2 campaign was to characterize the small NEA as a potential impactor and exercise the planetary defense system including observations, hypothetical risk assessment and risk prediction, and hazard communication with a short notice of just 24 hr. The entire campaign lasted about 10 days. The campaign team was divided into several working groups based on the characterization method: photometry, spectroscopy, thermal IR photometry and optical polarimetry, radar, and risk assessment. Science results from the campaign show that 2023 DZ2 has a rotation period of 6.2745 ± 0.0030 minutes; visible wavelength color photometry/spectroscopy/polarimetry and near-IR spectroscopy all point to an E-type taxonomic classification with surface composition analogous to aubrite meteorites; and radar observations show that the object has a diameter of 30 ± 10 m, consistent with the high albedo (0.49) derived from polarimetric and thermal IR observations.

Published
2024
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2. The Second International Asteroid Warning Network Timing Campaign: 2005 LW3

Author

Davide Farnocchia, Vishnu Reddy, James M. Bauer, Elizabeth M. Warner, Marco Micheli, Matthew J. Payne, Tony Farnham, Michael S. Kelley, Miguel R. Alarcon, Paolo Bacci, Roberto Bacci, Mauro Bachini, Kevin Baillié, Giorgio Baj, Daniel Bamberger, Anatoly P. Barkov, Stefan Beck, Guido Betti, Enrico Biancalani, Bryce T. Bolin, David Briggs, Luca Buzzi, Haowen Cheng, Eric Christensen, Alessandro Coffano, Luca Conversi, Christophe Demeautis, Larry Denneau, Josselin Desmars, Anlaug A. Djupvik, Leonid Elenin, Paolo Fini, Tobias Felber, Randy Flynn, Gianni Galli, Mikael Granvik, Bill Gray, Zuri Gray, Luca Grazzini, Werner Hasubick, Tobias Hoffmann, Robert Holmes, Marco Iozzi, Alexander L. Ivanov, Viktor A. Ivanov, Natalya V. Ivanova, Cristóvão Jacques, Hai Jiang, Zheng Jinghui, Anni Kasikov, Myung-Jin Kim, Balaji Kumar, Hee-Jae Lee, Bin Li, Jing Liu, Javier Licandro, Tyler Linder, Vadim E. Lysenkov, Martina Maestripieri, Andrea Mantero, Vladimiro Marinello, Jennie McCormick, Darrel Moon, Alessandro Nastasi, James D. Neill, Guenther Neue, Artem O. Novichonok, Francisco Ocaña, Gianpaolo Pizzetti, Anton Pomazan, Josiah N. Purdum, Christophe Ratinaud, Dong-Goo Roh, Filipp D. Romanov, Nello Ruocco, Toni Santana-Ros, Toni Scarmato, Anastasia Schmalz, Sergei Schmalz, Miquel Serra-Ricart, Clay Sherrod, Nick Sioulas, Andrea Soffiantini, Giacomo Succi, David J. Tholen, Jeppe S. Thomsen, William Thuillot, Richard Wainscoat, Guy Wells, Robert Weryk, Nikolai A. Yakovenko, Hong-Suh Yim, and Chengxing Zhai

Subjects
Asteroids, Near-Earth objects, Optical telescopes, Astrometry, Astronomy, QB1-991
Abstract

The Earth close approach of near-Earth asteroid 2005 LW3 on 2022 November 23 represented a good opportunity for a second observing campaign to test the timing accuracy of astrometric observation. With 82 participating stations, the International Asteroid Warning Network collected 1046 observations of 2005 LW3 around the time of the close approach. Compared to the previous timing campaign targeting 2019 XS, some individual observers were able to significantly improve the accuracy of their reported observation times. In particular, U.S. surveys achieved good timing performance. However, no broad, systematic improvement was achieved compared to the previous campaign, with an overall negative bias persisting among the different observers. The calibration of observing times and the mitigation of timing errors should be important future considerations for observers and orbit computers, respectively.

Published
2023
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