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This talk discusses a democratised approach to FAIRness as being built for the CS3MESH4EOSC project. The principles of FAIR have been widely embraced. Uptake of FAIRnes remains a challenge. We recognise two main obstacles: FAIR-aware infrastructure needs to be available, and be so usable that it gets broad uptake Research communities need to be motivated, trained and assisted to use this FAIR infrastructure. It needs to make their lives easier. Without relevant infrastructure in place, there is no point in mounting FAIRnes awareness campaigns. The CS3MESH4EOSC approach to FAIR uptake is to start from the Science Mesh of datastores, already in widespread use by researchers. We add a FAIR Description Service to these stores, for any researcher to use (an instance of the "Describo" tool). Thus they can create FAIR Digital Object packages from their own data (using the RO-Crate standard); initially targeting the open access Zenodo repository service. CS3mesh4EOSC meshes datastores that are already in widespread use by researchers. By adding metatada awareness and annotation capabilities to this already-patronised mesh, we end up with a democratised approach to FAIR. Allowing researchers to generate FAIR objects from their live data (no onerous upload / collections steps) will help create more FAIR data supply. We are glad to work with other EOSC entities, either offering this as a whitelabel to other service providers, or directly to end users.

The SciDataMover platform is a discipline- and scale-agnostic, lightweight, open source Data Movement Platform that transfers data, coupled with metadata from laboratories to shared workspaces then to repositories. The SciDataMover Platform leverages lightweight existing technologies that have a demonstrated capacity to be sustainably managed and can be affordably maintained.Despite significant investments in analytical instruments in Australian research laboratories relevant to earth sciences and particularly geochemistry, there has been underinvestment in storage and efficient, lossless transfer of data from ‘Private’ lab instruments to ‘Collaboration’ domains where researchers can analyse and share data, and then persist it to trusted ‘Publication’ domains where researchers can persistently store the data that supports their scholarly publications.SciDataMover is a FAIR data movement platform that enables data from instruments to move in a scalable and sustainable manner and comprises:1) a data service to transfer data/metadata directly from instruments2) collaboration areas to process, refine, standardise and share this data3) a mechanism to transfer data supporting publications to a trusted repository (e.g., domain, institutional).The Platform, being built off existing components will enable researchers to have readily available access to laboratory data when and where they need it, along with the ability to collaborate with colleagues even during a pandemic where physical distancing is required. The benefits of SciDataMover are long term persistence of laboratory-generated data (at various stages from minimally processed to final published form), greater collaboration efficiency and enhanced scientific reproducibility.

Open Data Science Mesh (CS3MESH4EOSC) is a newly funded project to create a new generation, interoperable federation of data and higher-level services to enable friction-free collaboration between European researchers. This new EU-funded project brings together 12 partners from the CS3 community (Cloud Synchronization and Sharing Services). The consortium partners include CERN, Danish Technical University (DK), SURFSARA (NL), Poznan Supercomputing Centre (PL), CESNET (CZ), AARNET (AUS), SWITCH (CH), University of Munster (DE), Ailleron SA (PL), Cubbit (IT), Joint Research Centre (BE) and Fundacion ESADE (ES). CERN acts as project coordinator. The consortium already operates services and storage-centric infrastructure for around 300 thousand scientists and researchers across the globe. The project will integrate these local existing sites and services into a seamless mesh infrastructure which is fully interconnected with the EOSC-Hub, as proposed in the European Commission's Implementation Roadmap for EOSC. The project will provide a framework for applications in several major areas: Data Science Environments, Open Data Systems, Collaborative Documents, On-demand Large Dataset Transfers and Cross-domain Data Sharing. The collaboration between the users will be enabled by a simple sharing mechanism: a user will select a file or folder to share with other users at other sites. Such shared links will be established and removed dynamically by the users from a streamline web interface of their local storage systems. The mesh will automatically and contextually enable different research workflow actions based on type of content shared in the folder. One of the excellence areas of CS3 services is access to content from all types of devices: web, desktop applications and mobile devices. The project augments this capability to access content stored on remote sites and will *in practice* introduce FAIR principles in European Science. The project with leverage on technologies developed and integrated in the research community, such as ScienceBox (CERNBox, SWAN, EOS), EGI-CheckIn, File Transfer Service (FTS), ARGO, EduGAIN and others. The project will also involve commercial cloud providers, integrating their software and services

Very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) for high-resolution astronomical imaging requires phase-stable frequency references at widely separated radio-telescope antennas. For the first time to our knowledge, we have disseminated a suitable radio-frequency (RF) reference for VLBI over a “real-world” telecom optical-fiber link between radio telescopes that are >100 km apart, by means of an innovative phase-conjugation technique. Bidirectional optical amplification is used in parallel with live traffic, and phase perturbations in the effective optical-fiber path length are compensated. This RF-over-fiber approach obviates the need for separate hydrogen masers at each antenna, offering significant advantages for radio-astronomy facilities such as the Square Kilometer Array.

Optical-fiber networks, compensated for path-length fluctuations, enable long-distance dissemination of a radio-frequency signal for precise spectroscopic calibration at remote sites in environmental, industrial and energy-monitoring applications.

Passive phase-conjugation enables precise fiber-optical transfer of radio-frequency reference signals over long distances, yielding high long-term stability for radio-astronomy and remote-sensing applications without active path-length stabilization.

We show long-distance precise synchronization of a radio-frequency signal over an optical-fiber network without actively stabilizing the optical path length, yielding long-term stability comparable to a hydrogen maser for remote sensing applications.

In this paper we present a novel frequency dissemination technique which uses an all-optical interferometer to sense length fluctuations with high precision, and then utilises this information to simultaneously stabilise a transmitted optical and signal and a microwave signal.

We present two optical fiber-based radio-frequency signal distribution systems based on analog and all-digital electronics. The achieved fractional frequency transfer stabilities are similar: ∼6×10−17 (over 104 s) for analog using a 20km fiber spool.

We present a novel optical fiber-based radio-frequency distribution system that incorporates low-cost commercially available components. It has a fractional frequency stability of 7×10−17 (averaged over 104 s) for distribution of an 80-MHz signal.

An optical-fibre network is being planned for distribution of optical and microwave reference frequencies in Australia. This network would connect a number of research facilities and the National Measurement Institute (NMI), allowing long-range comparison of frequency standards to high precision and providing reference signals for a wide range of applications. First results for transfer in the laboratory achieve a fractional frequency stability of 7×10−17 at an averaging time of 104 s for the distribution of an 80 MHz radio frequency signal. We present details of the technique used to cancel noise introduced by the fibre, describe the all-digital radio-frequency phasemeter used to characterise performance, and outline plans for the further development of the network.

Researchers in the geosciences are increasingly working with large files and datasets, which they often need to share with collaborators external to their institution. Examples include maps of rock types, computer models and simulations. These files may contain unpublished, confidential or commercially sensitive data. AARNet’s CloudStor, which has received input from the Australian geoscience research community during its development, is a new online file sharing service combining several transport, storage and security methods, to allow Australian researchers to quickly and easily share files of any size for a limited period of time in a trusted environment. Researchers at supported institutions can logon to CloudStor using their institutional credentials and upload a file to share with any collaborator, or issue a voucher for any collaborator to share a file with them. This paper discusses observations on the relevance of CloudStor to the Australian geoscience research community.

We present a technique for the simultaneous dissemination of high-precision optical-frequency signals to multiple independent remote sites on a branching optical-fiber network. The technique corrects optical-fiber length fluctuations at the output of the link, rather than at the input as is conventional. As the transmitted optical signal remains unaltered until it reaches the remote site, it can be transmitted simultaneously to multiple remote sites on an arbitrarily complex branching network. This technique maintains the same servo-loop bandwidth limit as in conventional techniques and is compatible with active telecommunication links.