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This study investigated how young Italian people experienced the period of peak spread of COVID-19 in their country by probing their emotions, thoughts, events, and actions related to interpersonal and community bonds. This approach to the pandemic will highlight social dimensions that characterized contextual interactions from the specific perspective of Community Psychology. The aim was to investigate young people's experiences because they are the most fragile group due to their difficulty staying home and apart from their peers and because they are, at the same time, the most potentially dangerous people due to their urge to gather in groups. The research involved 568 university students, 475 females, and 93 males, with an average age of 21.82 years (SD = 4.836). The collected data were analyzed with the Grounded Theory Methodology, using the Atlas 8.0 software. From the textual data, representative codes were defined and grouped into 10 categories, which reflect the individuals' prosocial attitudes, behaviors, and values. These categories formed three macro-categories, called: “Collective Dimensions,” which includes Connectedness, Solidarity, Italian-ness, Social Problems, and Collective Mourning; “Prosocial Orientation,” which includes Trust and Hope; and “Collective Values,” which includes Values of Freedom, Respect of Social Rules, and Civic-Mindedness. All these macro-categories are indicative of the shared feelings experienced by Italians during the first time of the pandemic. Further practical implications of these results will be discussed, including a consideration of the risk of developing distress and improving well-being, as well as promoting preventive behaviors.

The present case study concerns a case of predation of 4 individuals of captive pink flamingo in Emilia Romagna Region, Northeastern Italy. The pink flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus) is a species included in the Red List of Threatened Species established by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) which lists species in danger of extinction. During the Winter of 2013, 4 flamingos (2 in the Comacchio area, and 2 from Argenta and Codigoro oases - Ferrara province) were found dead some of them headless, with their bodies severely bitten. At first, a fox (Vulpes vulpes) was suspected to be the predator responsible for the killing and the birds were taken to the laboratory for further investigations. The investigations included: field observations, study of the predator behaviour, necropsy examinations, assessment of the intercanine distance, and genetic analysis on the predator's traces. The intercanine distance indicated that the predator could not have been a fox. The analysis of salivary DNA samples enabled us to establish that the predator was in fact a dog. This case highlights the importance of co-operation among the various branches of forensic sciences and the great usefulness of the roles filled by other veterinary forensic experts involved in solving crime.

Introduction: Hospital infections, or “healthcare associated infections” (HAI) represent the most frequent and serious complications of health care. Hence, there is a necessity to adopt safe care practices which are able to prevent or control the transmission of infections both in hospitals and in all non hospital healthcare facilities. The aim of this investigation is to assess the knowledge of the risk and the most effective means of prevention of HAI in the University of Ferrara nursing school students, giving particular attention to hand hygiene practices and the use of standard prophylactic precautions. Methods: The study enlisted a sample consisting of 339 students by first, second and third year nursing school students of the same academic year. An anonymous questionnaire was administered in order to investigate the knowledge of the students about three specific areas: infections associated with care practices (HAI), standard precautions (SP) and hand hygiene (HH). Results: The results showed a sufficient level of knowledge by all three groups of students, only in the section regarding SP. A barely sufficient score was reached only by the third year students with regard to the correct HH. For all the other answers, the level of knowledge shown by the students was inadequate. This is affirmed particularly for the section regarding the HAI. Conclusions: Literature data confirm that the knowledge of nursing students is often inadequate. It would be advisable to periodically check the knowledge of the students to improve training, to reduce HAI and increase their compliance with prevention., Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, Vol 58, No 2 (2017): 2017582

Lo Standard Internazionale UNI EN ISO 22005:2008 (1) fornisce i principi e specifica i requisiti di base per la progettazione ed l’implementazione di un Sistema di Rintracciabilità per alimenti e mangimi. Tale sistema può essere applicato a qualsiasi organizzazione operante in qualunque fase della filiera produttiva. Il Sistema di Rintracciabilità implementato nelle aziende del settore è uno strumento tecnico che assiste l’OSA (Operatore del Settore Alimentare) a conformarsi ai propri obiettivi ed è applicabile in tutti i casi in cui sia necessario determinare la storia, la localizzazione di un prodotto o l’origine dei suoi componenti. In questo lavoro sono riportati i risultati delle prime valutazioni da parte degli enti di certificazione e delle aziende relativamente ad una gestione dei rischi igienico sanitari di tutta la filiera, approccio nuovo per il legislatore e per il normatore volontario.

The export Japan sanitary technical Regulation about meat products, enlarges extremely the outline of Italian “salumi” that can be exported and indicates which are the necessary prerequisites and the requisites to export. In Italian reception regulations for exporting are in fact obligatory prerequisites and an HACCP plan for a farm. The present work describes technical and sanitary parameters to Japan export for meat products. Japan production Regulation sets on a task about a minimum seasoning period. For DOP dry ham cured is necessary an activity water value less than 0,92. These parameters are a safety index for the exporting products.

From January to December 2003 in two different dry cured ham plants, surfaces and final product were sampled according to new legislation about Listeria monocytogenes. This new legislation, born after eight different positiveness in different batches of final product in the United States, asks companies to review their own check plans considering Listeria monocytogenes a hazard. This new approach, born also according to the Italian legislation, verifies if Listeria monocytogenes is a hazard or a risk for Italian system and if corrective actions warrant hygienic production standards.

The aim of the study is to determine awareness about sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and their prevention in people aged 14-19 of Ferrara and province. The study was carried out using a self-administered standardised anonymous questionnaire in a sample of students attending to three upper secondary schools. Total number of collected questionnaires was 2695, the average age of interviewed was 17.1. Only 52.3% of respondents correctly recognized STD definition. Over 95% of subjects identified acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), while properly classification of Hepatitis B increased with age and lowest degree of knowledge concerned herpes infection and Candidiasis. Sex without condom (95.97%) and needle exchange in drugs abusers (94.9%) are con- sidered high risk behaviours. 80.3% of interviewed, without distinction of school attendance, sex, and age considered lack of informa- tion as a situation of high risk. Condoms are not used by 46.4% of the subjects in case of sex with a regular partner and by 9.5% with casual partner. Majority of students declared condoms very safe in preventing STDs but an important percentage indicated also contra- ception methods; correct answers were higher among females and increased with age. Main sources of information were TV (21.6%), school (21.1%) and friends (14.8%) and a few sought information from family doctor (7.4%) and web (4.8%). The study suggests, as priority, to improve teenagers? awareness about risk behaviours and prevention of STDs. School can play an important role in reinforcement of sexual education programmes and directing young people to general practitioners and primary sexual health care services., Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, Vol 54, No 2 (2013)

The Authors estimate the quality of some variables and in particular the coding of death's causes, recorded in the first ISTAT tape (year 1980). Basing on the obtained results, the Authors state in broad outline a good concordance degree, between ISTAT and Communal data, but the comparison shows differences for single and specific death's causes., Statistica; Vol 47, No 1 (1987)

Obiettivi: per conoscere la qualità di vita e lo sviluppo di una collettività, tanto per il passato quanto per il presente, si ricorre sempre più spesso agli studi sulla mortalità infantile (I anno di vita). L’obiettivo del lavoro è quello di descrivere la mortalità infantile ottocentesca nella comunità ebraica di Ferrara.Metodi: presso l’Archivio Storico del Comune di Ferrara sono conservati i registri di morte dal 1813 al 1902 della popolazione ebraica da cui si sono tratte le seguenti variabili: anno di morte, numero progressivo del registro, cognome e nome del deceduto, sesso, giorno e mese di morte, malattia o causa di morte, età alla morte (mesi, giorni, ore). Il sesso è desunto dal nome del deceduto. Come in precedenti lavori, il nostro gruppo di ricerca, per definire la classificazione delle cause di morte nel primo anno di vita ha utilizzato fino all’anno 1854 un lavoro di Silini G. basato sulle metodologie di studio delle cause di morte nel secolo XIX a Lovere (Bergamo) adattandola al diverso contesto storico geografico. Per il periodo successivo si è adottato il criterio classificatorio ISTAT (IX revisione).Risultati: dalle prime elaborazioni emerge, per il periodo 1813 1902, il seguente quadro: i morti nel primo anno di vita sono 552, di cui morti nella prima settimana 127 (23%), morti tra la prima settimana ed il primo mese 185 (33,5%) ed oltre il primo mese 240 (43,5%). Gli aborti sono risultati complessivamente 194 ed i nati morti 96. Il 51% sono maschi ed il rimanente 49% femmine. Le cause di morte prevalenti sono “materia”, “infiammazione”, “inanizione” ed “epilessia”.

It has been shown in animals that GFR decreases after administration of a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (CAI) because of activation of the tubuloglomerular feedback. However, the magnitude of this response has never been studied in healthy subjects, nor has the possibility of inhibiting tubuloglomerular feedback with frusemide (FRU). Changes in CCr, V, CNa, CCl, CH2O, CLi were studied before and after acute administration of acetazolamide (ACZ) to 11 normal subjects or FRU to 9 normal subjects. Both ACZ and FRU increased V, CNa, CCl and CLi. Only FRU decreased CH2O. ACZ but not FRU decreased CCr, despite lesser increases of V, CLi and CH2O+CCl (rough indexes of distal delivery). The magnitude of the GFR decrease after comparable increases in distal delivery varied greatly between subjects. There was a tendency for the subjects with lower basal GFRs to show tubuloglomerular feedback responses of lesser magnitude than those with higher GFRs. These results show that it is possible to study tubuloglomerular feedback and its sensitivity in humans using CAIs. FRU blocks the tubuloglomerular feedback response. Its sensitivity appears to vary widely in normal subjects.