511 results on '"Guiana"'
Search Results
2. Peculiarities of Linguistic Situation of Multinational Guiana
- Author
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V. A. Kozhemyakina
- Subjects
guiana ,language situation ,language policy ,language legislation ,linguistic minority ,multilingual state ,language laws ,Slavic languages. Baltic languages. Albanian languages ,PG1-9665 - Abstract
The analysis of the sociolinguistic situation in Guiana, an overseas department and a region of France is presented in the article. The history of the settlement of this territory by speakers of different languages is considered. An overview of the demolinguistic situation in the region is presented, statistical data of the latest population censuses are given. A review and analysis of the results of anthropological, linguistic and sociolinguistic surveys conducted by French scientists in Guiana at the end of the 20th and the first decades of the 21st centuries is made. The novelty of the study is seen in the fact that the linguistic situation is considered simultaneously with the analysis of existing laws on languages, since only adopted laws can allow members of the linguistic community to assert and protect their rights. Particular attention is paid to the use of the Guianan Creole and French languages in various social and communicative areas: in the institutions of executive power, in the main area of the functioning of the language — the education system, in the areas of trade and the media. The relevance of the article is due to the special attention of the Russian and world community to the language situation and the solution of language problems in multi-ethnic states, as well as to the preservation of indigenous languages.
- Published
- 2023
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3. Contencioso entre Guyana e Suriname acerca dos limites marítimos (2000-2007)
- Author
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Yolanda Nunes Sousa
- Subjects
guiana ,suriname ,limites marítimos ,direito do mar ,Military Science - Abstract
Este trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar os principais delineamentos da disputa acerca dos limites marítimos entre Guiana e Suriname e o alcance do laudo arbitral que delimitou a fronteira marítima entre os dois países. Guiana e Suriname encontram-se numa posição geopolítica de fusão e encontro entre a região do Caribe e da Amazônia, propiciando um rico campo de pesquisa. A metodologia adotada consistiu em consulta à bibliografia especializada e análise de documentos oficiais apresentados ao Tribunal Arbitral por ambos os países bem como aos documentos referentes à decisão do caso. As principais considerações acerca da pesquisa apontam que a relação bilateral entre Guiana e Suriname se construiu sob as bases de dinâmicas pendulares, ou seja, ora apontavam para uma aproximação ora para distanciamento, em que as tentativas de definição dos limites marítimos se desenvolveram. As reivindicações foram arbitradas internacionalmente cuja decisão, estabelecendo um limite marítimo único, corrobora para o processo gradual de estabilidade entre os dois países.
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- 2021
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4. L’Autre Jésuite : civilisation, exploration et espionnage dans le récit de voyage de Fusée-Aublet en Guyane (1762-1764)
- Author
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Thibaud Martinetti
- Subjects
otherness ,exploration ,Jesuit ,Guiana ,espionage ,Anthropology ,GN1-890 ,Latin America. Spanish America ,F1201-3799 - Abstract
Our article analyses the Jesuit espionage practised and recounted by the botanist Jean-Baptiste Christophe Fusée-Aublet in his account of his travel in Guiana (1762-1764). In the first part, we discuss the “civilizing” approach of the Kourou expedition in the context of the policy aimed at banishing the Jesuits from the French kingdom. Secondly, we observe how the method of espionage is part of the exploration, the prospection of nature carried out by the botanist during his peregrinations in Guyana. Finally, we find that Fusée-Aublet's rhetoric constitutes an imitation of Jesuit rhetoric, which inverts its propositions and thus proceeds to the narration of a new representation of the colonists, the Jesuits and the Indians of Guiana idealised by the theoreticians of the Kourou expedition.
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- 2022
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5. DIVERSITY OF BATS OF SIERRA DE LA MACARENA WITH COMMENTS ON THEIR ECOLOGICAL PATTERNS.
- Author
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Morales-Martínez, Darwin M., Suárez-Castro, Andrés F., and López Arévalo, Hugo F.
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BAT ecology , *SCIENTIFIC literature , *SPECIES diversity , *TECHNICAL reports , *PUBLIC service advertising , *RAIN forests - Abstract
The Serranía de la Macarena is an outstanding biodiversity hotspot in the western Amazon because it possesses a high diversity due to the influence of several biogeographic regions, a wide elevational range, and high heterogeneity of vegetation. However, knowledge of the bat richness, composition, and structure is precarious and inventories in the area are scarce. We present a list of bat species for La Macarena based on fieldwork campaigns and information from the literature and biological collections. Based on the fieldwork we conducted, we also describe the diversity patterns of bat assemblages from two contrasting vegetation types: Rainforest, and chasmophytic savannas. We registered 73 species from seven families, including nine new records for La Macarena. Forty-eight species were recorded in our sampling sites (35 species in rainforest, and 32 in chasmophytic savannas), while 25 species are reported based on scientific literature and museum specimens. We found ecological differences between the assemblages of both vegetation types related to dominance patterns at the species and ensemble levels. Understory frugivores and nectarivores were the dominant groups in chasmophytic savannas and accounted for 82% of the captures, whereas the canopy frugivores were the most abundant in the rainforest (52%). The differences observed in diversity patterns between both types of assemblages could be associated with highly contrasting vegetation structures and the absence of essential feeding items in chasmophytic savannas. We highlight the need to conduct surveys in new areas to fill the gaps in our knowledge of diversity in this important biodiversity hotspot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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6. First records of Scinax ruberoculatus Ferrão, Fraga, Moravec, Kaefer & Lima, 2018 (Anura, Hylidae) in the state of Amapá, eastern Amazon, Brazil, with comments on its vocalization and distribution
- Author
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Vinícius Antônio M. B. de Figueiredo, Rodrigo Tavares-Pinheiro, André Gomes Lopes, Fillipe Pedroso-Santos, Patrick R. Sanches, Jackson C. Sousa, Joandro P. dos Santos, Jucivaldo D. Lima, Janaina R. F. Lima, and Carlos Eduardo Costa-Campos
- Subjects
Advertisement call ,Amazonia ,bioacoustics ,Guiana ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
We report the first records of Scinax ruberoculatus Ferrão, Fraga, Moravec, Kaefer & Lima, 2018 in the state of Amapá, Brazil. We provide an updated distribution map of this species, comment on its occurrence in French Guiana and Suriname, and provide morphometric and bioacoustic data for a population from the municipality of Porto Grande, Amapá, including the first description of the species’ territorial call. This record from Porto Grande extends the distribution of S. ruberoculatus approximately 1430 km northeast from its type locality and helps to better understand its actual distribution.
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- 2021
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7. Phylogeography of the tepui brush finch, Atlapetes personatus (Passeriformes: Passerellidae): extensive differentiation on the sky islands of the Venezuelan Pantepui.
- Author
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Barrowclough, George F, Jablonski, Bartek, Lai, Jonas E, and Groth, Jeff G
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PHYLOGEOGRAPHY , *PASSERIFORMES , *MITOCHONDRIAL DNA , *GENE flow , *FINCHES , *HABITAT conservation - Abstract
The biogeography and genetic structure of species endemic to the high-elevation sky islands (tepuis) of the Guiana Shield in eastern and southern Venezuela and adjacent areas of Brazil and Guyana are poorly known. We investigated the phylogeography and population structure of the tepui brush finch (Atlapetes personatus) as an exemplar of that biota. Mitochondrial DNA sequences revealed three monophyletic clades that correspond to major morphological subspecies groups occurring in eastern, southern and north-western regions of the Pantepui. Differentiation among the clades accounted for 95% of the total genetic variance. DNA sequences from three nuclear loci also showed marked divergence among those three regions. Estimates of gene flow between regions and sampled populations were all less than one individual per generation. Consequently, these subspecies groups ought to be recognized as species-level taxa. The results suggest there is more large-scale biogeographical structure within the Pantepui region than generally recognized. Additionally, within two of the three regions, genetic variance among tepuis was substantial at both mitochondrial and nuclear loci. Many of the sampled populations appear to be genetically independent units that are almost cryptic morphologically. The sampled tepuis might be islands of habitat for this taxon and for conservation purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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8. Unearthing Colonial Violence: Griotic Archaeology and Community-Engagement in Guiana.
- Author
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Hartemann, Gabby Omoni
- Subjects
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ARCHAEOLOGY , *ARCHAEOLOGICAL terminology , *VIOLENCE , *COLONIES , *SLAVERY , *COLLECTIVE memory , *TRADITIONAL knowledge - Abstract
This article intends to address archaeological coloniality and points to the urgent need for epistemological changes within the field. Conceived as an Afroguianese epistemological disobedience, Griotic Archaeology represents an attempt to step away from the disciplinary reiteration of colonial violence. This approach and the engagement of two communities, Moun'Roura and Moun'Wayam, allowed to open space for Afroguianese and Indigenous knowledge, memories, and world-perceptions in the archaeological work conducted at Habitation La Caroline, a site of enslavement in Guiana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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9. Prostate cancer screening behaviors among Indo-Guyanese.
- Author
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Persaud, Harrynauth and Yuan, Jeanetta
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EARLY detection of cancer ,PROSTATE cancer ,MEDICAL personnel ,MEDICAL screening - Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to explore prostate cancer screening behaviors among Indo-Guyanese men. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted in the surrounding neighborhood of Queens, New York during 2018 and 2019. In-depth, one-on-one interviews were conducted using 20 Indo-Guyanese men between the ages of 45 and 75. Results: The findings suggest that Indo-Guyanese men are being screened for prostate cancer at a very low rate. Only 30% (n = 6) of participants underwent prostate cancer screening. Four major themes were derived from the data, which could have contributed to the decreased level of screening. These included: (1) recommendations must come from their healthcare professional; (2) reluctance to engage in screening; (3) distrust of the medical system; and (4) screening only if symptoms are present or they know someone with prostate cancer. Conclusions: Behavioral patterns for prostate cancer screening among Indo-Guyanese men share some similarities with other Caribbean countries. Clinicians and Healthcare Professionals should be culturally competent for the patients they serve. Understanding the behavioral variations within this diverse culture could help provide the highest possible care, specifically tailored to each patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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10. Febre a bordo: migrantes, epidemias, quarentenas
- Author
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Cristiana Bastos
- Subjects
epidemias ,migrantes ,Hawaii ,Guiana ,Anthropology ,GN1-890 - Abstract
Resumo Neste artigo faço uma retrospetiva dos estudos sobre epidemias a que me dediquei enquanto antropóloga, dando destaque a um fenómeno que interseta os interesses da antropologia da biossegurança e da história das plantações de açúcar e migrações laborais: os surtos epidémicos a bordo dos barcos de migrantes em finais do século XIX. Baseada num relato de mais de 50 mortes infantis por sarampo numa viagem de emigrantes da Madeira para o Hawaii em 1884, e constatando que existiu uma sequência de pelo menos três mortandades equivalentes no espaço de dois anos, discuto questões mais amplas de saúde, desigualdade, tráfico, corpo, género, família, não sem dar atenção à materialidade da vida dos navios que se foram reconfigurando no transporte de força do trabalho escravizada, vinculada e contratada.
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- 2020
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11. Mimesis, dúvida e poder: divindades hindus e espíritos de colonizadores na Guiana
- Author
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Marcelo Moura Mello
- Subjects
culto a Kali ,dúvida ,possessão espiritual ,Guiana ,Anthropology ,GN1-890 - Abstract
Resumo Por meio da descrição das interações entre espíritos de colonizadores, especialistas religiosos, divindades e devotos da deusa hindu Kali na Guiana, o artigo busca demonstrar como concepções nativas sobre a presença de entes espirituais no mundo são atravessadas por dúvidas, hesitações e (re)elaborações retrospectivas de eventos passados, bem como por reflexões aguçadas sobre as potencialidades de seres com estatutos ontológicos distintos assumirem, incorporarem e imitarem atributos e poderes de outros seres.
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- 2020
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12. Dutch-Indigenous Relations in the Atlantic World
- Author
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Meuwese, Mark
- Published
- 2020
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13. Espíritos, história e colonialismo na Guiana
- Author
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Marcelo Moura Mello
- Subjects
Espíritos ,história ,colonialismo ,Guiana ,Anthropology ,GN1-890 ,Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology ,GN301-674 - Abstract
Em diálogo com proposições recentes em torno da antropologia da história, neste artigo abordo como espíritos de colonizadores holandeses na Guiana, antiga Guiana Britânica, atuam como agentes, atores e narradores do processo histórico. Argumento que espíritos participam da formulação, (re)criação e circulação de conhecimentos, fatos e experiências associados, pelos espíritos e pelos humanos, ao período colonial da Guiana.
- Published
- 2021
14. Cytological Spectrum of Pulmonary Histoplasmosis Diagnosed by Bronchoalveolar Lavage: 12 Years of Experience in French Guiana.
- Author
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Alsibai, Kinan Drak, Aissaoui, Houari, Adenis, Antoine, Bourne-Watrin, Morgane, Djossou, Felix, Epelboin, Loïc, Blanchet, Denis, Demar, Magalie, Couppié, Pierre, and Nacher, Mathieu
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HISTOPLASMOSIS diagnosis , *BRONCHOALVEOLAR lavage , *HISTOPLASMA capsulatum , *IMMUNOCOMPETENCE , *CYTOLOGY - Abstract
Disseminated histoplasmosis is a major cause of mortality in HIV-infected patients. Rapid and efficient diagnosis of Histoplasma capsulatum is crucial. Cytopathology is available in most hospitals and represents a rapid diagnostic alternative. In this study, we reviewed 12 years of experience to describe the cytology of histoplasmosis diagnosed by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in relation to patient characteristics. BAL-diagnosed pulmonary histoplasmosis concerned 17 patients (14 HIV+). BAL cellularity ranged from 76,000 to 125,000 cells/mL in HIV patients, and 117,000 to 160,000 cells/mL in non-HIV patients. Macrophages predominated in all HIV patients (from 60% to 88%), lymphocytic infiltrates ranged from 5% to 15%, and neutrophils were very heterogeneous (from 2% to 32%). The number of H. capsulatum at hot spots seemed greater in HIV-infected than in immunocompetent patients (9 to 375 vs. 4 to 10) and were inversely proportional to the CD4 counts. Yeasts were both intracellular and extracellular in 85.7% of the HIV patients. This is the most comprehensive series detailing the cytological aspects of BAL in the diagnosis of H. capsulatum, focusing on the number of yeasts and their clustering pattern. The cytological examination of the Gomori-Grocott-stained BAL allows a reliable diagnosis of histoplasmosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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15. Mamíferos (Mammalia) de San José del Guaviare, Colombia.
- Author
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López Arévalo, Hugo Fernando, Morales-Martínez, Darwin Manuel, Mora-Beltrán, Catherine, Calderón-Capote, María C., Cárdenas-González, Catalina, Atuesta-Dimian, Natalia, Melo, Marco J., and Ramírez, Wilmer
- Subjects
- *
MAMMAL diversity , *MARSUPIALS , *BATS , *GROUND cover plants , *MAMMALS , *PRIMATES - Abstract
We present the results obtained during four years of sampling of mammals in different plant covers of the municipality of San José del Guaviare, Guaviare, Colombia. Between 2012 and 2017 we collected information about diversity of mammals, through capture with mist nets, traps for small and medium mammals, camera traps, direct observations, interviews, and secondary information. We report 121 species of mammals for the municipality. We recorded sampling completeness of 64% for bats, 60% for small non-flying mammals, and 100% for medium and large mammals. We highlight geographical novelties for the marsupials Marmosa waterhousei, Glironia venusta and for the bats Lonchorhina marinkellei, Phyllostomus latifolius, Glyphonycteris sylvestris, Glyphonycteris daviesi, Glossophaga commissarisi and Myotis keaysi. The richness found in this study is comparable with other long-term neotropical inventories and the area has the largest number of bat and primate species reported for any site in Colombia. However, it is necessary to continue with the intensive sampling, because the richness of small non-volant mammals and bats are still underestimated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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16. Studies on the genus Taphrocerus Solier, 1833 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Agrilinae) part XII.
- Author
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MAREK, Jaroslav
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TAXONOMY ,SPECIES ,BEETLES ,BUPRESTIDAE - Abstract
Five species are newly described and illustrated as follows: Taphrocerus cordillerae sp. nov. (Paraguay), T. hroni sp. nov. (Brazil), T. irenei sp. nov. (French Guiana), T. lucidicollis sp. nov. (Argentina) and T. macraei sp. nov. (Brazil). The new species are compared to the most related taxa. The following nomenclatural changes are proposed: T. szekessyi Apt, 1954 (= T. subcarinulosus Cobos, 1967 syn. nov.); T. wendleri Obenberger, 1924 (= T. kapczyhaberi Apt, 1954 syn. nov.). Lectotype of T. wendleri is designated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
17. Kuwamai: Historic Epidemics and Resilience of Cariban-Speaking Peoples, Northern Amazonia
- Author
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Renzo S. Duin
- Subjects
Colonial history ,Amazonian historicities ,Guiana ,Amazonia ,Wayana ,pandemic viral diseases ,Social Sciences - Abstract
How Amazonian Indigenous Peoples combatted emergent epidemic diseases in colonial times, and their innovative responses to epidemiological crises, has not received sufficient attention. This study outlines a clash of cultures and an entanglement of places and people related to pandemic diseases and epidemic death in the Eastern Guiana Highlands, northern Amazonia. By means of archival and historical sources, the article provides eyewitness insight into multiple waves of highly contagious epidemics that affected Cariban-speaking communities in Eastern Guiana – Suriname, French Guiana, and Brazilian Amapá – over the past 550 years. The paper commences with some general statements on illness and healing. Hitherto unpublished journal entries by the Governor of Suriname of an outbreak of the pox during the winter of 1743-1744 set the scene, these are followed by rare nineteenth and twentieth century historical accounts, and a novel interpretation of Wayana oral history – posited to be the first account of the spread of a viral disease in Amazonia in July 1542. The paper concludes with responses to the current COVID-19 pandemic from an indigenous etiology which demonstrates indigenous historical consciousness of the social present as related to events from the past.
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- 2021
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18. Cross-border malaria in Northern Brazil.
- Author
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Arisco, Nicholas J., Peterka, Cassio, and Castro, Marcia C.
- Subjects
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MALARIA , *GOLD mining , *CHI-squared test - Abstract
Background: Cross-border malaria is a major barrier to elimination efforts. Along the Venezuela-Brazil-Guyana border, intense human mobility fueled primarily by a humanitarian crisis and illegal gold mining activities has increased the occurrence of cross-border cases in Brazil. Roraima, a Brazilian state situated between Venezuela and Guyana, bears the greatest burden. This study analyses the current cross-border malaria epidemiology in Northern Brazil between the years 2007 and 2018. Methods: De-identified data on reported malaria cases in Brazil were obtained from the Malaria Epidemiological Surveillance Information System for the years 2007 to 2018. Pearson's Chi-Square test of differences was utilized to assess differences between characteristics of cross-border cases originating from Venezuela and Guyana, and between border and transnational cases. A logistic regression model was used to predict imported status of cases. Results: Cross-border cases from Venezuela and Guyana made up the majority of border and transnational cases since 2012, and Roraima remained the largest receiving state for cross-border cases over this period. There were significant differences in the profiles of border and transnational cases originating from Venezuela and Guyana, including type of movement and nationality of patients. Logistic regression results demonstrated Venezuelan and Guyanese nationals, Brazilian miners, males, and individuals of working age had heightened odds of being an imported case. Furthermore, Venezuelan citizens had heightened odds of seeking care in municipalities adjacent Venezuela, rather than transnational municipalities. Conclusions: Cross-border malaria contributes to the malaria burden at the Venezuela-Guyana-Brazil border. The identification of distinct profiles of case importation provides evidence on the need to strengthen surveillance at border areas, and to deploy tailored strategies that recognize different mobility routes, such as the movement of refuge-seeking individuals and of Brazilians working in mining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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19. Exploring the determinants and outcomes of intimate partner violence during pregnancy for Guyanese women: Results from a nationally representative cross-sectional household survey.
- Author
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Miller, Lior and Contreras-Urbina, Manuel
- Subjects
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INTIMATE partner violence , *ABUSED women , *SUICIDE statistics , *MATERNAL-child health services , *REPRODUCTIVE health services , *SEXUAL partners , *HOUSEHOLD surveys , *PREGNANCY , *PRENATAL care - Abstract
Objective. To determine predictors associated with physical violence during pregnancy, and to determine the relationship between exposure to intimate partner violence during pregnancy and women's health and suicide ideation in Guyana. Methods. A secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional household survey. Multivariate logistic regression models were fitted to the data to estimate the association between physical violence during pregnancy, controlling partner behavior, and other predictors. Ordered logistic regression models were fitted to estimate the association between physical violence during pregnancy and women's health, and lifetime physical partner violence and overall health. Logistic regression models were fitted to estimate associations between physical violence during pregnancy and lifetime physical partner violence and overall health and suicide ideation. Results. The prevalence of lifetime physical/sexual intimate partner violence was 38.8%, current physical/ sexual intimate partner violence 11.1%, and violence during pregnancy 9.2%. Controlling partner behavior was significantly and positively associated with maternal experience of physical violence during pregnancy. Experiencing physical partner violence during pregnancy, but not lifetime physical partner violence, was associated with significantly increased odds of poor overall health. Physical violence during pregnancy and lifetime physical violence were both significantly associated with increased odds of suicide ideation. Conclusions. The prevalence of violence during pregnancy in Guyana is high and is associated with adverse health outcomes. These findings suggest the need for intimate partner violence prevention, and for integrating intimate partner violence screening and treatment into antenatal care, reproductive health services, and maternal and child health programs and services to identify and treat at-risk women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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20. A Guiana e o Brasil: da crise da república cooperativa à abertura democrática (1977-1986).
- Author
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Cavlak, Iuri
- Subjects
FOREIGN ministers (Cabinet officers) ,SOCIALISM ,DEVELOPING countries ,STATE power ,FINANCIAL crises ,BAUXITE - Abstract
Copyright of Estudos Ibero-Americanos is the property of EDIPUCRS - Editora Universitaria da PUCRS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2021
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21. Description and phylogenetic relationships of a new species of treefrog of the Osteocephalus buckleyi species group (Anura: Hylidae).
- Author
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Chasiluisa, Valeria D., Caminer, Marcel A., Varela-Jaramillo, Andrea, and Ron, Santiago R.
- Subjects
- *
ANURA , *HYLIDAE , *SECONDARY forests , *SPECIES , *GENETIC distance , *PARSIMONIOUS models , *NATIONAL parks & reserves - Abstract
The Osteocephalus buckleyi species group is widely distributed in primary and secondary forests of the Amazon Basin and Guiana Region. Based on integrative analysis, including morphological and genetic data, we estimate the phylogenetic relationships and species boundaries among populations of the Osteocephalus buckleyi group from the Ecuadorian Amazon, focusing on the O. verruciger-O. cannatellai species complex. Our results uncovered the existence of one confirmed candidate species from Sangay National Park and one unconfirmed candidate species. Here, we describe the new species which is morphologically and ecologically distinct from other Osteocephalus species. The new species is unusual because it shows quite distinct morphology, but low genetic distances compared to its closest relatives. Zoobank.org registration LSID: [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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22. "Meh Just Realize I's Ah Coolie Bai": Indo-Caribbean Masculinities, Chutney Genealogies, and Qoolie Subjectivities.
- Author
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Persadie, Ryan
- Subjects
- *
MASCULINITY , *GENDER , *MUSIC videos , *GENEALOGY , *MUSIC archives , *FOCUS (Optics) - Abstract
In the Anglophone Caribbean, nationalist discourses of sexual citizenship are inextricably linked to the afterlife of colonialism and its far-reaching and affective legacies, resonances, and continuities as it reinscribes alterity on the bodies of sexual and gendered "others." Focusing our optics on the Indo-Caribbean, I explore how archives of chutney music offer disruptive methods, strategies, and praxes of transgression that trouble discourses of "normative" Creole (Afro-Caribbean) and heteronormative nationalisms as "authentic" ideologies of Indo-Caribbean gendering--notably, masculinity. Drawing upon historical genealogies of sexualsacred erotics found within the Hindu, women-exclusive, pre-wedding Indo-Caribbean tradition of matikor, I interrogate how men artists in chutney music spaces perform what I conceptualize as "qoolie subjectivities," or distinct embodied languages of self that operate through what I argue are long-standing entanglements of Indo-Caribbeanness and queerness that, when excavated via the body, cultivate critical forms of Indo-Caribbean knowing and living. In this essay, I specifically focus on acts of remaking the pejorative term "coolie" from a grammar of harm to one of reclamation, and agentive potential. Such performances choreograph embodiments of erotic self-making, or "qoolieness," as methods of pursuing transgressive Indo-Caribbean means of doing nonnormative gender and sexuality, offering us important vocalities that speak through genealogies of (post)indentureship chutney feminisms. My analysis of Indo-Guyanese chutney artist Mystic's viral song and music video entitled "Coolie Bai" (2014) interrogates how such embodied articulations of qoolieness generate alternative forms of Indo-Caribbean citizenships, masculinities and strategies of remaking the self that move us beyond hegemonic ontological paradigms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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23. Exxon's New Oil Project to Lift Guyana Output Past Venezuela.
- Author
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Crowley, Kevin
- Subjects
PETROLEUM ,PETROLEUM sales & prices ,ECONOMIC impact ,NATURAL gas ,INTERNATIONAL arbitration ,INTERNATIONAL sanctions - Abstract
Exxon Mobil Corp. has approved its sixth oil development project in Guyana, which will make the country a larger crude producer than Venezuela. The Whiptail project will cost $12.7 billion and is expected to produce about 250,000 barrels of oil per day by the end of 2027. This growth in oil production has significant social and economic implications for Guyana, allowing the government to invest in welfare and infrastructure. Exxon plans to drill 48 wells and use a floating production, storage, and offloading vessel to support the project. Guyana's production growth is expected to slow down after the Whiptail project, but Exxon has the potential for more projects in the future. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2024
24. LOS ENSAMBLAJES DE MURCIÉLAGOS (MAMMALIA: CHIROPTERA) DE LA SERRANÍA DE LA LINDOSA SON DIVERSOS Y HETEROGÉNEOS.
- Author
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MORALES-MARTÍNEZ, Darwin M., LÓPEZ-ARÉVALO, Hugo F., and MONTENEGRO, Olga L.
- Subjects
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ENDANGERED species , *MOUNTAINS , *SPECIES distribution , *SPECIES diversity , *SAVANNAS , *LAND cover - Abstract
The Serranía La Lindosa is a geomorphological formation with land cover heterogeneity. This area faces a contradictory situation because it has high biodiversity and provides several ecosystem services, and yet it is one of the current largest deforestation sites in Colombia. Bats is a taxonomic group with high expected diversity in La Lindosa, but there is little published information about this group. This paper presents the results of bat inventories carried out during five years in the Lindosa mountain range. Additionally, diversity is compared in terms of species richness, composition, and structure of bat assemblies in two main types of vegetation cover evident in the area, which are humid forests and casmophytic savannas. Inventories collected information on 735 captured bats, corresponding to 46 species. Of these, 14 species were found only in casmophytic savannas, 11 in humid forests, and 19 in both types of vegetation. Thus, there is high complementarity in bat species composition between the two vegetation types. Additionally, the structure of bat assemblies varied between the two environments, with a proportional distribution of species abundance more homogeneous in casmophytic savannas than in forests. Besides, a higher number of rare species was found in casmophytic savannas. In general, the high diversity of bats of the Serranía de La Lindosa could be associated with vegetation heterogeneity, presence of different cave types and evolutionary history of bat species associated with the Guayana Region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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25. New species of Curimatopsis from the río Caroni, Orinoco basin, Venezuela, with comments on C. macrolepis (Characiformes: Curimatidae).
- Author
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Melo, Bruno F.
- Subjects
- *
CHARACIFORMES , *MAXILLA , *MANDIBLE - Abstract
A new species of Curimatopsis is described from the highlands of the western Guiana Shield in the río Carapo and río Paragua, tributaries of the río Caroni in the Orinoco basin, southeastern Venezuela. The new species belongs to the Curimatopsis macrolepis clade due to its possession of a long lower jaw that projects past the anterior margin of the upper jaw, and separate first and second hypurals. The new species is diagnosed from remaining species of the Curimatopsis macrolepis clade by having a small-sized inconspicuous dark spot on the midlateral surface of the caudal peduncle, by details of body and fin pigmentation, and by additional morphometric characters. The distribution of C. macrolepis in the Amazon and Orinoco basins is updated based on the examination of museum specimens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. The blue and green whiptail lizards (Squamata, Teiidae, Cnemidophorus) of the Peninsula de Paraguana, Venezuela : systematics, ecology, descriptions of two new taxa, and relationships to whiptails of the Guianas
- Author
-
Markezich, Allan L., Cole, Charles J., Dessauer, Herbert C., American Museum of Natural History Library, Markezich, Allan L., Cole, Charles J., and Dessauer, Herbert C.
- Subjects
Cnemidophorus ,Guiana ,Lizards ,Paraguaná Peninsula ,Venezuela - Published
- 1997
27. A contribution to the Guianan flora : Dalechampia, Haematostemon, Omphalea, Pera, Plukenetia, and Tragia (Euphorbiaceae) with notes on subfamily Acalyphoideae /
- Author
-
Gillespie, Lynn J., Armbruster, W. Scott, Smithsonian Institution. Press, Smithsonian Libraries, Gillespie, Lynn J., Armbruster, W. Scott, and Smithsonian Institution. Press
- Subjects
Classification ,Euphorbiaceae ,Guiana - Published
- 1997
28. Escavando a violência colonial
- Author
-
Hartemann, Gabby Omoni
- Subjects
Colonialidade ,Violência Epistêmica ,Afrodecolonialidade ,Arqueologia Comunitária ,Guiana ,Arqueologia, Antropologia, História ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Resumo: Este artigo tem como objetivo abordar criticamente a colonialidade arqueológica e aponta a necessidade urgente de mudanças epistemológicas no conhecimento arqueológico. Concebida como uma desobediência epistemológica afroguianesa, a Arqueologia Griótica representa uma tentativa de distanciar-se da reiteração disciplinar da violência colonial. Esta abordagem e o engajamento de duas comunidades, Moun’Roura e Moun’Wayam, permitiram abrir espaço para o conhecimento, as memórias, e as percepções de mundo afroguianesas e indígenas no âmbito do trabalho arqueológico realizado em Habitation La Caroline, um sítio de escravização na Guiana. Abstract: This article intends to address archaeological coloniality and points to the urgent need for epistemological changes within the field. Conceived as an Afroguianese epistemological disobedience, Griotic Archaeology represents an attempt to step away from the disciplinary reiteration of colonial violence. This approach and the engagement of two communities, Moun'Roura and Moun'Wayam, allowed to open space for Afroguianese and Indigenous knowledge, memories, and world-perceptions in the archaeological work conducted at Habitation La Caroline, a site of enslavement in Guiana.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Kentropyx borckiana (Squamata, Teiidae) : a unisexual lizard of hybrid origin in the Guiana region, South America
- Author
-
Cole, Charles J., Dessauer, Herbert C., Townsend, Carol R., Arnold, Margaret G., American Museum of Natural History Library, Cole, Charles J., Dessauer, Herbert C., Townsend, Carol R., and Arnold, Margaret G.
- Subjects
Guiana ,Kentropyx borckiana ,Lizards ,Reptiles - Published
- 1995
30. Unisexual and bisexual whiptail lizards of the Cnemidophorus lemniscatus complex (Squamata, Teiidae) of the Guiana Region, South America : with descriptions of new species
- Author
-
Cole, Charles J., Dessauer, Herbert C., American Museum of Natural History Library, Cole, Charles J., and Dessauer, Herbert C.
- Subjects
Cnemidophorus lemniscatus ,Guiana ,Lizards ,Reptiles - Published
- 1993
31. A Path Dependence na inserção internacional da Guiana
- Author
-
Marcelino Teixeira Lisboa and Ronaldo Silva
- Subjects
guiana ,inserção internacional ,path dependence ,política externa ,Political science ,International relations ,JZ2-6530 - Abstract
Este texto trata da inserção internacional da Guiana através da adesão a processos de integração e organizações internacionais no período de 1966 a 2015. O objetivo é demonstrar como a inserção guianense nesse aspecto criou, ao longo do tempo, uma dependência da trajetória adotada logo após a independência. A análise é realizada com base nos preceitos da path dependence, entendida como uma dependência gerada pela trajetória traçada em determinado caminho, escolhido em um dado momento histórico, dependência essa que se consolida a cada passo trilhado na mesma trajetória. Concluiu-se que, no período analisado, a Guiana teve um eixo de sua integração voltado para a Europa e outro para o Caribe, a partir dos anos de 1970, que seguiram sendo reforçados ao longo do tempo; a partir dos anos 2000, o país passou também a aderir a processos voltados para a América Latina, mas sem deixar as relações anteriores, ramificando sua inserção internacional, que foi institucionalizada desde a sua independência.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Diaspora engagement for development: challenges and options for Guyana
- Author
-
Corbin, Hisakhana Pahoona and Aragón, Luis Eduardo
- Subjects
Guiana ,desenvolvimento ,diaspora ,Guyana ,desarrollo ,development ,diáspora - Abstract
Based on data collected from multiple sources and a review of the existent literature on diaspora engagement for development across the world, this paper seeks to unveil potentials and challenges that Guyana (a country of high emigration) may face as it seeks to engage its diaspora for development. In addition to defining the Guyanese diaspora and reviewing interventions currently adopted by the government of Guyana for diaspora engagement, this paper also sheds light on concerns by Guyanese in the diaspora given the current political and socioeconomic conditions in Guyana and the challenges they face as efforts are made to contribute to Guyana´s development. Further, a review of interventions implemented by other countries around the world is presented with the focus of widening the options for Guyana. Com base em dados coletados de múltiplas fontes e uma revisão da literatura existente sobre o envolvimento da diáspora para o desenvolvimento ao redor do mundo, este artigo busca revelar potenciais e desafios que a Guiana (um país de alta emigração) pode enfrentar, pois busca envolver sua diáspora para o desenvolvimento. Além de definir a diáspora da Guiana e revisar as intervenções atualmente adotadas pelo governo da Guiana para o engajamento da diáspora, este artigo também da luzes sobre as preocupações dos guianenses na diáspora, atendendo às condições políticas e socioeconômicas atuais na Guiana e aos desafios que enfrentam e os esforços realizados em busca do desenvolvimento. Além disso, uma revisão das intervenções implementadas em outros países ao redor do mundo é apresentada com o objetivo de ampliar as opções para a Guiana. Con base en datos recolectados de múltiples fuentes y una revisión de la literatura existente sobre la implicación de la diáspora para el desarrollo alrededor del mundo, este artículo busca revelar potenciales y desafíos que la Guyana (un país de alta emigración) puede enfrentar, pues busca involucrar su diáspora hacia el desarrollo. Además de definir la diáspora de Guyana y revisar las intervenciones actualmente adoptadas por el gobierno de Guyana para el aprovechamiento de la diáspora, este artículo también da luces sobre las preocupaciones de los guianenses en la diáspora, atendiendo a las condiciones políticas y socioeconómicas actuales en Guyana, a los desafíos que enfrentan y los esfuerzos realizados en busca del desarrollo. Además, una revisión de las intervenciones implementadas en otros países alrededor del mundo se presenta con el objetivo de ampliar las opciones para Guyana.
- Published
- 2023
33. Bande dessinée and the Penal Imaginary: Graphic Constructions of the Carceral Archipelago.
- Author
-
Forsdick, Charles
- Subjects
CULTURAL history ,ARCHIPELAGOES ,CONSTRUCTION ,COLONIES - Abstract
The article offers an overview of the history and cultural representations in visual media from the 1860s onwards of French penal colonies or bagnes, and their status as graphic lieux de mémoire. It focuses specifically on French Guiana and New Caledonia and seeks to contextualise the portrayal of the motif in a varied corpus of bandes dessinées. The article argues that graphic history provides a unique forum in which aspects of the penal colonies about which there is little understanding - the transcolonial itineraries of convicts; the penal everyday; the role of carceral heritage as part of a useable past - are elucidated. Although some works primarily foreground celebrity bagnards such as Eugène Dieudonné or Henri Charrière (Papillon), albums such as those of Stéphane Blanco and Laurent Perrin allow the potential of the bande dessinée to create connections that are multilayered and multidirectional. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. ASPECTOS AUTO-ECOLÓGICOS DE Bryconops giacopinii (IGUANODECTIDAE) DE LA SERRANÍA DE LA LINDOSA, SAN JOSÉ DE GUAVIARE, COLOMBIA.
- Author
-
LUQUE, Francisco J., PATARROYO-BAÉZ, Jhon J., and GONZÁLEZ-TRUJILLO, Juan David
- Abstract
Length-weight relationship and condition factor (K) have been used as a fish biological descriptor, because they provide information about growth, reproduction, and welfare. Therefore, these parameters can be used in the assessments of fish populations inhabiting aquatic systems affected by different levels of intervention. The main objective of this study was the depiction and description of the length-weight relationship, condition factor and diet of Bryconops giacopinii in six sites at Serranía La Lindosa over one annual cycle (dry and wet seasons). Fish (n = 333) were measured, weighted, and the stomach was removed to identify prey items. Fish displayed a positive allometric growth during both seasons, without differences in the condition factor during the seasonal change. On the other hand, 17 prey items were identified; most of them terrestrial arthropods. The frequency and occurrence of these items did not follow a temporal or spatial pattern. B. giacopinii displayed a generalist diet, with a high consumption rate of terrestrial insects. The obtained results show the strong relationships between this species and the riparian forest, proving the importance of this biological corridors to the maintenance of the aquatic community and its conservation. This information contributes to the biological knowledge of this species out commercial interest and can be used to compare other populations in other basis. B. giacopinii is a species with an important ecological role. Therefore, research of its relationship with the ecosystem could be of great relevance and necessity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. TECENDO CONEXÕES: FIOS DE FLORES NO CULTO À DEUSA HINDU KALI NA GUIANA.
- Author
-
Moura Mello, Marcelo
- Subjects
GODS ,HUMAN body ,WREATHS ,FANS (Persons) ,PERMEABILITY ,HINDU temples - Abstract
Copyright of Cadernos de Arte e Antropologia is the property of Cadernos de Arte e Antropologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
36. A taxonomic review of Myriocladus (Poaceae, Bambusoideae) in Brazil, including the description of a new species.
- Author
-
Afonso, Edgar A. L., Vasconcelos, Santelmo, Torke, Benjamin M., and Viana, Pedro L.
- Subjects
- *
BAMBOO , *GRASSES , *SPECIES , *UPLANDS - Abstract
A taxonomic treatment, based on herbarium study and field observations, is presented for the Brazilian species of Myriocladus (Poaceae, tribe Bambuseae, subtribe Arthrostylidiinae), a genus of woody bamboos restricted to geographically isolated uplands of the Pantepui region of Brazil, Venezuela, and Guyana. Of the 12 accepted species of Myriocladus, five are recorded from Brazil, of which four also occur in Venezuela. One species, M. caburaiensis, is known from a single collection from Brazilian territory near the frontier with Guyana and is described herein for the first time. We also provide a key to distinguish the five Brazilian species and illustrations of each. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Unlocking biodiversity and conservation studies in high‐diversity environments using environmental DNA (eDNA): A test with Guianese freshwater fishes.
- Author
-
Cilleros, Kévin, Etienne, Roselyne, Grenouillet, Gaël, Iribar, Amaia, Brosse, Sébastien, Valentini, Alice, Dejean, Tony, Allard, Luc, Vigouroux, Régis, and Taberlet, Pierre
- Subjects
- *
DNA , *BIODIVERSITY , *FRESHWATER fishes , *DATABASES - Abstract
Determining the species compositions of local assemblages is a prerequisite to understanding how anthropogenic disturbances affect biodiversity. However, biodiversity measurements often remain incomplete due to the limited efficiency of sampling methods. This is particularly true in freshwater tropical environments that host rich fish assemblages, for which assessments are uncertain and often rely on destructive methods. Developing an efficient and nondestructive method to assess biodiversity in tropical freshwaters is highly important. In this study, we tested the efficiency of environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding to assess the fish diversity of 39 Guianese sites. We compared the diversity and composition of assemblages obtained using traditional and metabarcoding methods. More than 7,000 individual fish belonging to 203 Guianese fish species were collected by traditional sampling methods, and ~17 million reads were produced by metabarcoding, among which ~8 million reads were assigned to 148 fish taxonomic units, including 132 fish species. The two methods detected a similar number of species at each site, but the species identities partially matched. The assemblage compositions from the different drainage basins were better discriminated using metabarcoding, revealing that while traditional methods provide a more complete but spatially limited inventory of fish assemblages, metabarcoding provides a more partial but spatially extensive inventory. eDNA metabarcoding can therefore be used for rapid and large‐scale biodiversity assessments, while at a local scale, the two approaches are complementary and enable an understanding of realistic fish biodiversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Lula Reluctantly Adopts Mediator Role in Venezuela-Guyana Crisis.
- Author
-
Iglesias, Simone and Beck, Martha
- Subjects
BORDERLANDS ,CRISES ,WAR - Abstract
President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva of Brazil may have to mediate a crisis between Venezuela and Guyana over the disputed region of Essequibo, which is rich in oil. Lula, who has positioned himself as an independent arbiter in global conflicts, is concerned about having to mediate in a regional conflict. Brazil's main concern is to avoid a war near its border, as tensions escalate between Venezuela and Guyana. Lula is expected to push for a negotiated solution through diplomatic channels to defuse the situation. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
39. L’Autre Jésuite : civilisation, exploration et espionnage dans le récit de voyage de Fusée-Aublet en Guyane (1762-1764)
- Author
-
Martinetti, Thibaud
- Subjects
espionnage ,espionage ,Jesuit ,Jésuite ,Guiana ,altérité ,General Medicine ,exploration ,otherness ,Guyane - Abstract
Notre article analyse l’espionnage des jésuites pratiqué et relaté par le botaniste Jean-Baptiste Christophe Fusée-Aublet dans son récit de voyage en Guyane (1762-1764). Dans un premier temps, nous abordons l’approche « civilisatrice » de l’expédition de Kourou dans le contexte de la politique visant à bannir les jésuites du royaume de France. Dans un second temps, nous observons comment la méthode d’espionnage participe de l’entreprise d’exploration, de la prospection de la nature exercée par le botaniste lors de ses pérégrinations guyanaises. Finalement, nous constatons que la rhétorique de Fusée-Aublet constitue une imitation de la rhétorique jésuite, qui inverse ses propositions et procède ainsi au récit d’une nouvelle représentation des colons, des jésuites et des Indiens de la Guyane idéalisée par les théoriciens de l’expédition de Kourou. Our article analyses the Jesuit espionage practised and recounted by the botanist Jean-Baptiste Christophe Fusée-Aublet in his account of his travel in Guiana (1762-1764). In the first part, we discuss the “civilizing” approach of the Kourou expedition in the context of the policy aimed at banishing the Jesuits from the French kingdom. Secondly, we observe how the method of espionage is part of the exploration, the prospection of nature carried out by the botanist during his peregrinations in Guyana. Finally, we find that Fusée-Aublet's rhetoric constitutes an imitation of Jesuit rhetoric, which inverts its propositions and thus proceeds to the narration of a new representation of the colonists, the Jesuits and the Indians of Guiana idealised by the theoreticians of the Kourou expedition.
- Published
- 2022
40. Alexander Von Humboldt mapping contributions to one border area: the Upper Orinoco and the Guiana
- Author
-
Porro Gutiérrez, Jesús María
- Subjects
cartografía ,cartograhy ,Guiana ,Guayana ,Orinoco ,White River ,Amazonas ,cartografia ,Río Blanco ,Riu Blanco ,Guaiana - Abstract
Aquesta recerca es centra en la informació proporcionada per Alexander Von Humboldt en el seu viatge americà, en l’àmbit concret dels desenvolupaments cartogràfics i n un escenari de frontera: l’ampli espai inclòs entre la Guaiana interior i el nord amazònic (objecte de disputes entre espanyols i portuguesos). Plantegem la diferència entre les referències geogràfiques i cartogràfiques extretes per Humboldt de terceres persones, i els d’elaboració pròpia, incidint en un millor coneixement hidrogràfic, orogràfic i cartogràfic dels territoris esmentats. Remuntat el curs de l’Orinoco dominà l’observació personal, però en el vessant interior de la Guaiana, cap el riu Blanco, la tasca cartogràfica es basà predominantment en referències indirectes., This research focuses on the information provided by Alexander Von Humboldt on his American journey, in a very specific area (that of cartographic developments) and in a border scenario: the wide space included between the inland of Guiana and the Amazonian north (object of disputes between Spanish and Portuguese). We propose the difference between the geographical and cartographic references extracted by Humboldt from third parties, and those of own elaboration, focusing on a better hydrographic, orographic, and cartographic knowledge of the mentioned territories. Although going up the course of the Orinoco, he dominated the personal observation, in the case of the inland slope of the Guiana towards the White River, the cartographic work was based predominantly on indirect references., Esta investigación se centra en la información proporcionada por Alexander Von Humboldt en su viaje americano, en un ámbito muy concreto (el de los desarrollos cartográficos) y en un escenario fronterizo: el amplio espacio incluido entre la Guayana interior y el norte amazónico (objeto de disputas entre españoles y portugueses). Planteamos la diferencia entre las referencias geográficas y cartográficas extraídas por Humboldt de terceras personas, y las de elaboración propia, incidiendo en un mejor conocimiento hidrográfico, orográfico y cartográfico de los territorios citados. Si bien remontando el curso del Orinoco, dominó la observación personal, en el caso de la vertiente interior de la Guayana, hacia el río Blanco, la labor cartográfica se basó predominantemente en referencias indirectas., This research focuses on the information provided by Humboldt on his American journey, in a very specific area (that of cartographic developments) and in a border scenario: the wide space between the interior of Guiana and the Amazonian north (object of disputes between Spaniards and Portuguese). We propose the difference between the geographical and cartographic references extracted by Humboldt from third parties, and those of own elaboration, influencing a better hydrographic, orographic and cartographic knowledge of the aforementioned territories. Although going up the course of the Orinoco, he dominated the personal observation, in the case of the interior slope of the Guiana towards the White River, the cartographic work was based predominantly on indirect references. Key words: Orinoco; Amazonas; Guiana; White River; Cartography.
- Published
- 2022
41. Olhares e perspectivas que fabricam a diversidade do passado e do presente
- Author
-
Ruben Caixeta de Queiroz
- Subjects
Etnologia ,Amazônia ,Arqueologia ,Guiana ,Caribe ,Anthropology ,GN1-890 ,Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology ,GN301-674 - Abstract
O artigo discute as possibilidades de colaboração entre etnologia e arqueologia, a partir de uma análise dos processos de formação, concentração e dispersão dos grupos indígenas do complexo cultural Tarumã-Parukoto (que hoje ocupam a região de fronteira entre Brasil, Guiana e Suriname). Nesta região da Amazônia e alhures, dificilmente podemos delimitar onde começa e termina as fronteiras de um grupo social ou étnico e, dessa forma, torna-se quase impossível fazer coincidir precisamente um determinado grupo étnico a um determinado território. Não passado e no presente, as fronteiras fluidas dos grupos, móveis no espaço e no tempo, revelam-se um desafio ainda maior para a perspectiva de trabalho em conjunto entre etnologia e arqueologia.
- Published
- 2018
42. Igualdad de género y equidad en salud: lecciones estratégicas de las experiencias de los países en la incorporación de la perspectiva de género en la salud
- Author
-
Victoria Diaz Garcia, Ana Cristina González Vélez, Denisse Wolfenzon, and Anna Coates
- Subjects
perú ,Civil society ,gender-inclusive policies ,Guiana ,RC955-962 ,Equidade na saúde ,guatemala ,Political science ,transversalidad de género ,Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,Peru ,Health equity ,gender equality ,Intersectionality ,Informe Especial ,Operationalization ,Welfare economics ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,políticas inclusivas de género ,Grey literature ,transversalidade de gênero ,Gender mainstreaming ,igualdad de género ,gender mainstreaming ,guyana ,Transformational leadership ,políticas inclusivas de gênero ,Medicine ,Organizational structure ,equidad en salud ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,igualdade de gênero - Abstract
To analyze progress in organizational structures, mechanisms, strategies, and enabling factors and barriers towards gender mainstreaming (GM) in health in Guatemala, Guyana, and Peru, given GM's role in addressing gender inequalities in health as a key structural driver of health equity.Data was obtained through a grey literature review of laws, policies, and/or program documents and semi-structured qualitative interviews with 37 informants. Analysis was based on a theoretical framework including 7 categories considered essential to advance GM in the health sector.Despite significant efforts and accumulated experiences of GM in health, structural barriers include: wider societal challenges of transforming gender unequal power relations; health system complexity combined with the low technical, political, and financial capacity of institutional structures tasked with GM; and limited coordination with (often weak) National Women's Machineries (NWMs). In some contexts, barriers are compounded by limited understanding of basic concepts underlying GM (at times exacerbated by misunderstandings related to intersectionality and/or engagement with men) and the absence of indicators to measure GM's concrete results and impact.Successful GM requires a more strategic and transformational agenda, developed and implemented in coordination with NWMs and civil society and with reference to external bodies (e.g. Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women) to go beyond process, with clearer distinction between gender sensitivity and gender transformation, and definition of expected results and indicators to measure advances. These then could be better documented and systematized, enabling GM to be more broadly understood and operationalized as a concrete instrument towards health equity.Analisar o progresso nas estruturas organizacionais, mecanismos, estratégias, e fatores habilitadores e barreiras para a integração do gênero (IG) na saúde na Guatemala, na Guiana e no Peru, dado o papel da IG na abordagem das desigualdades de gênero na saúde como um dos principais impulsionadores estruturais da equidade em saúde.Os dados foram obtidos por meio de uma análise das leis, políticas e/ou documentos de programa e entrevistas qualitativas semi-estruturadas junto a 37 informantes, extraídos da literatura cinza. A análise foi efetuada com base em uma estrutura teórica que incluiu 7 categorias consideradas essenciais para promover a IG no setor da saúde.Apesar dos esforços significativos e das experiências acumuladas na IG na saúde, as barreiras estruturais incluem: os desafios sociais mais amplos de transformar relacionamentos desiguais de poder; a complexidade dos sistemas de saúde associada à baixa capacidade técnica, política e financeira das instituições encarregadas pela IG; e a coordenação limitada (e muitas vezes fraca) com as Maquinarias Nacionais de Mulheres (NWM, na sigla em inglês). Em alguns contextos, as barreiras são exacerbadas pela compreensão limitada de conceitos básicos nas bases da IG (às vezes agravadas por mal entendidos relacionados à intersecção com homens e/ou o envolvimento deles); e a ausência de indicadores para medir resultados concretos da IG e seu impacto.Para que a IG ocorra de fato, é necessária uma pauta mais estratégica e transformadora, elaborada e implementada em coordenação com as NWM e a sociedade civil, e fazendo referência a organismos externos (por exemplo, Comitê sobre a Eliminação de todas as Formas de Discriminação contra a Mulher) para que a integração inclua não só o processo, mas que forneça, além disso, uma diferenciação mais clara entre a sensibilidade às questões de gênero e a transformação das relações de gênero, e defina os resultados esperados e os indicadores para medir os avanços. A partir de então, elas poderiam ser melhor documentadas e sistematizadas, permitindo um melhor entendimento sobre a IG e sua operacionalização como instrumento concreto rumo à equidade na saúde.
- Published
- 2021
43. Indigenous navigation in the Caribbean Basin: a historical, ethnoarchaeological and experimental approach to the Caribbean-Guyanese kanawa
- Author
-
Bérard, Benoît, Biar, Alexandra, Archéologie Industrielle, Histoire, Patrimoine - Géographie, Développement, Environnement de la Caraïbe (AIHP-GEODE), Université des Antilles (UA), Archéologie des Amériques (ArchAm), and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
Caribbean ,technologie maritime ,[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory ,Guiana ,dugout canoes ,maritime technology ,General Medicine ,dugout canoe ,[SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology ,[SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences ,experimentation ,pirogue monoxyle ,construction navale ,expérimentation ,Caraïbes ,Guyane - Abstract
The early human occupation of the Antilles was based on the manufacture and use of expanded and extended dugout canoes named kanawa. The same boat type is also associated with the Carib linguistic family groups precolonial expansion along the coasts from Brazil to Venezuela. This paper describes this type of boat and its construction process in a comparative approach to archaeological and ethnohistorical data related to the Antillean archipelago and an ethnoarchaeological study of the contemporary construction process of the kanawa by the Kali’na Amerindians of Guiana (French Guiana/Suriname). Lastly, an experimental maritime archaeology programme carried out in the Antilles over several years allows us to discuss the nature of navigation permitted by this type of boat. La première occupation humaine des Antilles a été rendue possible par la fabrication et l’utilisation de pirogues expansées désignées sous le nom de kanawa. Ce même type d’embarcation est également associé à l’expansion précoloniale des groupes de la famille linguistique caraïbe le long des côtes du Brésil et du Venezuela. Cet article décrit ce type de bateau et sa technique de construction dans une approche comparative des données archéologiques et ethno-historiques liées à l’archipel antillais. Il inclut ensuite une étude ethnoarchéologique du processus de construction contemporain du kanawa par les Amérindiens Kali’na de Guyane et du Suriname. Enfin, un programme expérimental d’archéologie maritime mené aux Antilles sur plusieurs années permet de discuter des capacités de navigation de ce type de bateau.
- Published
- 2022
44. Guyana’s Ambassador to Venezuela Accredited.
- Subjects
AMBASSADORS ,INTERNATIONAL relations - Abstract
The article focuses on Dr. Richard Van West-Charles presenting his Letters of Credence to Venezuelan Minister Yvan Gil, affirming the importance of peace and cooperation between Guyana and Venezuela. It highlights Guyana's commitment to pursuing its interests while exploring collaboration opportunities, amid tensions over the Essequibo region.
- Published
- 2024
45. Los mares esquizofrénicos y la transnación caribeña.
- Author
-
BOYCE DAVIES, Carole
- Subjects
- *
IDENTITY (Psychology) , *DIASPORA , *POSTCOLONIALISM , *DETERRITORIALIZATION , *SOCIAL change - Abstract
Two concepts which appear titularly, orient this paper – “Schizophrenic Seas” and the “Trans-Nation.” “The Schizophrenic Sea” is Wilson Harris’s term which appears in his classic collection of essays, The Womb of Space. The “trans-nation” is Bill Aschroft’s attempt to revise the over-reaching framing of the post-colonial. For this paper, I propose to bring these two concepts together, as constitutive of each other. They move in different directions, but allow for a series of returns to unsettled boundaries, redefined sea-scapes and land-scapes definitely given the nature of island instability and the effects of environmental turns, creating a Caribbean-trans nation that also in my reading redefines Caribbean space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
46. Distribución y conservación de los murciélagos del género Lonchorhina (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) en Colombia.
- Author
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MORALES-MARTÍNEZ, DARWIN M. and LÓPEZ-ARÉVALO, HUGO F.
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BATS ,PHYLLOSTOMIDAE ,MOUNTAIN soils ,WILDLIFE conservation ,SPECIES distribution ,BIOLOGICAL extinction - Abstract
Copyright of Caldasia is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Estimation of the duration between HIV seroconversion and HIV diagnosis in different population groups in French Guiana: Strategic information to reduce the proportion of undiagnosed infections.
- Author
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Nacher, Mathieu, Adenis, Antoine, Huber, Florence, Hallet, Edouard, Abboud, Philippe, Mosnier, Emilie, Bideau, Bastien, Marty, Christian, Lucarelli, Aude, Morel, Vanessa, Lacapère, François, Epelboin, Loïc, and Couppié, Pierre
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HIV infections , *LENTIVIRUS diseases , *QUANTILE regression , *LEAST squares - Abstract
Background: Given the great efforts put into the strategic objective of reducing the proportion of HIV-infected patients that are undiagnosed, the aim of the present study was to review the temporal trends between 1997 and 2016 for median estimates of infection duration and median CD4 count at diagnosis for the main patient origins in French Guiana. Methods: CD4 cell count at HIV sero-conversion and square root of CD4 cell decline were obtained using the CD4 decline in a cohort of HIV-infected persons in the UK, fitting random effect (slope and intercept) multilevel linear regression models. Multivariate analysis used robust regression for modeling the delay between estimated HIV seroconversion and diagnosis and quantile regression for CD4 at HIV diagnosis. Results: The median interval between the estimated HIV seroconversion and HIV diagnosis was 8 years for patients fromBrazil, 4.5 years for those from Haiti, 6.6 years for those from Suriname, 3.3 years for patients from Guyana, and 3.1 years for French patients. A simple robust regression model with French patients as reference group adjusting for sex and age at the time of diagnosis showed that the interval was significantly longer for Brazilian (β = +3.7 years, P = 0.001), Surinamese (β = +4.2 years, P<0.0001), Haitian origins (β = +1.5 years, P = 0.049) but not for those originating from Guyana (β = -0.03 years, P = 0.9); Men independently had a longer interval than women (β = +3.5 years, P<0.0001). Conclusions: Despite great efforts in French Guiana regarding HIV testing both in terms of diversification and intensification we still need to tailor the offer to better reach the communities in need. These results should help authorities scale up and optimize initiatives to reduce the proportion of patients who are unaware of their infection. They also raise the question of the role of stigma and discrimination as a barrier to HIV testing in small communities, and further emphasize the importance of reducing it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. TEN PLACES TO GO IN 2019.
- Author
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PRESSER, BRANDON
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- *
BEIRUT (Lebanon) art scene , *MUSIC - Abstract
The article offers travel tips for the French Guiana in France and includes information on trips to the Beirut, Lebanon, the Big Island, Hawaii; and Dakar, Senegal with lots of music scenes.
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- 2018
49. Mammals (Mammalia) of San José del Guaviare, Colombia
- Author
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Hugo Fernando López Arévalo, Darwin Manuel Morales-Martínez, Catherine Mora-Beltrán, María C. Calderón-Capote, Catalina Cárdenas-González, Natalia Atuesta-Dimian, Marco J. Melo, and Wilmer Ramírez
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Primates ,Guiana ,QH301-705.5 ,primates ,Guayana ,Amazon, Bats, Diversity, Guiana. Inventory, Primates, Richness ,Plant Science ,Murciélagos ,inventario ,ddc:570 ,Riqueza ,Bats ,diversidad ,Amazonía ,amazonía ,Biology (General) ,riqueza ,Amazon ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Nature and Landscape Conservation ,Inventario ,Diversidad ,Diversity ,Ecology ,Inventory ,Richness ,guayana ,murciélagos ,Geography ,Animal Science and Zoology - Abstract
Resumen Presentamos los resultados obtenidos durante cuatro años de muestreo de mamíferos en diferentes coberturas vegetales del municipio de San José del Guaviare, Guaviare, Colombia. Entre los años 2012 y 2017 recolectamos información de la diversidad de mamíferos a través del muestreo con redes de niebla, trampas para pequeños y medianos mamíferos, cámaras trampa, observaciones directas, entrevistas e información secundaria. Reportamos 121 especies de mamíferos nativos para el municipio. Registramos una completitud del muestreo de 64 % para murciélagos, 60 % para pequeños mamíferos no voladores y de 100 % para medianos y grandes mamíferos. Destacamos dos novedades geográficas para los marsupiales Marmosa waterhousei y Glironia venusta, y seis novedades en los murciélagos Lonchorhina marinkellei, Phyllostomus latifolius, Glyphonycteris sylvestris, Glyphonycteris daviesi, Glossophaga commissarisi y Myotis keaysi. La riqueza encontrada es comparable con otros inventarios a largo plazo de mamíferos neotropicales, y presenta la mayor diversidad de especies de murciélagos y primates reportados en Colombia. Sin embargo, es necesario seguir realizando muestreos intensivos, ya que la riqueza de grupos como pequeños mamíferos no voladores y murciélagos está aún subestimada. Abstract We present the results obtained during four years of sampling of mammals in different plant covers of the municipality of San José del Guaviare, Guaviare, Colombia. Between 2012 and 2017 we collected information about diversity of mammals, through capture with mist nets, traps for small and medium mammals, camera traps, direct observations, interviews, and secondary information. We report 121 species of mammals for the municipality. We recorded sampling completeness of 64 % for bats, 60 % for small non-flying mammals, and 100 % for medium and large mammals. We highlight geographical novelties for the marsupials Marmosa waterhousei, Glironia venusta and for the bats Lonchorhina marinkellei, Phyllostomus latifolius, Glyphonycteris sylvestris, Glyphonycteris daviesi, Glossophaga commissarisi and Myotis keaysi. The richness found in this study is comparable with other long-term neotropical inventories and the area has the largest number of bat and primate species reported for any site in Colombia. However, it is necessary to continue with the intensive sampling, because the richness of small non-volant mammals and bats are still underestimated.
- Published
- 2021
50. Meddling in Latin America.
- Author
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Meisler, Stanley
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LABOR unions ,BIG business ,UNITED States politics & government ,COMMUNISM - Abstract
According to the executive council of AFL-CIO, the so-called trade unions of Soviet Union are nothing but agencies of communist dictatorship. This implies that the unions in The U.S. are anything but agencies of government and big business. British Guiana is a good place to begin. The situation in British Guiana is far more complicated than that and its generous aid has involved the AFL-ClO in racial and political strife. In addition, not all the aid given by the AFL-CIO has come from the labor treasury. In British Guiana, as elsewhere in Latin America, the AFL-CIO has operated with money supplied by the United States Government and big business.
- Published
- 1964
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