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Diabetic erectile dysfunction (DED) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus, significantly impairing the quality of life of patients. The conventional clinical treatment still has limitations. Stem cells (SCs), as a type of cells with multidirectional or directional differentiation capability and sustainable self-renewal potential, are widely used in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. With the continuous update of regenerative medicine theory and the success of animal experiments, SCs as a treatment for male erectile dysfunction, especially DED, have attracted widespread attention because of curable possibility. This review focus on the current progress in the clinical application of SC treatment for DED. Moreover, we summarize the development prospects of SCs in the field of DMED therapy.

We aimed to assess the feeding pattern and influencing factors within six weeks postpartum on exclusive breastfeeding duration among Chinese mothers. This study was conducted using 2:1 matched case-control study. Cases and controls were matched for maternal age, parity and mode of birth. A total of 210 women were included. Approximately 67.9% of women stopped exclusive breastfeeding within the first six weeks postpartum. Maternal non-exclusive breastfeeding intention, lower maternal educational level, mother-infant skin to skin contact over one hour, unsatisfied breastfeeding self-evaluation and maternal unhealthy condition within the first six weeks were risk factors for creasing exclusive breastfeeding early.

Objective To identify the ranges of gestational weight gain for Chinese women with gestational diabetes based on the different pre-pregnancy body mass index group, and to investigate the association between gestational weight gain and maternal-infant adverse outcomes. Design A single-center retrospective cohort study. Setting A tertiary public women’s and children’s hospital in China. Population Women with gestational diabetes. Methods Retrospective analysis of 17,216 women with gestational diabetes who delivered singleton, registered between 2013 and 2018. Main outcome measures Gestational weight gain ranges, maternal-infant adverse outcomes. Results A total of 14,517 women were included finally. In comparison to the recommended gestational weight gain ranges by the National Academy of Medicine, the Chinese women with gestational diabetes in this study had a wider weight gain ranges, and faster rate of gestational weight gain. The risk of adverse outcomes increased steadily with gestational weight gain in the four body mass index groups. The ranges of gestational weight gain that were associated with lower risks of maternal-infant adverse outcomes were 15-20kg, 14-18kg, 4-8kg, and 0-4kg for the underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese groups, respectively. Conclusions The findings from this study can be used as a guideline for Chinese women with gestational diabetes. Healthcare professionals should provide targeted advice to women based on their pre-pregnancy body mass index to reduce the risks of maternal-infant adverse outcomes. Future high-quality and multi-center prospective studies are needed to validate our findings. Keywords Gestational weight gain, body mass index, gestational diabetes mellitus, maternal-infant adverse outcomes

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of parent-child painting and creative crafting therapy on the core symptoms of preschool children with mild-to-moderate autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and the parenting stress and hope level of their mothers. METHODS: A total of 56 preschool children with mild-to-moderate ASD and their mothers were divided into an experimental group and a control group using the block randomization method, with 28 pairs in each group. The subjects in the control group received an applied behavior analytic intervention and those in the experimental group received parent-child painting and creative crafting therapy in addition to the intervention in the control group. The intervention time was 20 weeks for both groups. Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC), Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF), and Herth Hope Index (HHI) were used to evaluate the core symptoms of children and the parenting stress and hope level of their mothers before and after 20 weeks of intervention. RESULTS: Forty-nine child-mother pairs completed the study (25 pairs in the intervention group and 24 pairs in the control group). The children in the experimental group had significantly lower scores of social interaction, language, social communication, and social motivation and total scores of ABC and SRS compared with those in the control group (P

Background and Aims Despite the therapeutic promise of stem cell therapy in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases [IBD], most donor cell populations have to be obtained via invasive approaches and often remain insufficiently validated. Urine-derived stem cells [USC] were recently shown to have regenerative properties and can be harvested in a safe, low-cost, and noninvasive way. This study aims to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of USC and their efficacy in the management of IBD. Methods Human USC were isolated and expanded from the urine of healthy male adult volunteers [n = 3, age range 24–30 years]. USC were characterised by cell surface marker expression profile and multipotent differentiation. The in vitro immunomodulatory effect of USC was evaluated by co-culturing with human CD4+ T cells upon stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin [PHA]. The proliferation of CD4+ T was measured by fluorescence-activated cell sorting [FACS]. Cytokine array and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR] were applied to examine cytokine levels. In vivo therapeutic value of USC was assessed using a murine colitis model induced by dextran sulphate sodium [DSS] or 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid [TNBS]. The immunomodulatory effect of USC and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells [BMSC] was compared when co-cultured with CD4+ T cells. The therapeutic efficacy of USC and BMSC on IBD was compared when administered in an acute DSS model in vivo. Results USC were positive for mesenchymal stem cell markers but were negative for haematopoietic stem cell markers. These cells differentiated into osteo-, adipo-, and chondrogenic cell lineages. Similar to BMSC, the proliferation of CD4+ T cells was significantly inhibited when co-cultured with USC, as a consequence of Th1/Th17 immune response inhibition. Systemic administration of USC significantly ameliorated the clinical and histopathological severity of colitis and increased the survival rate in both acute and chronic murine colitis models. Moreover, implantation of USC led to downregulation of the Th1/Th17 immune responses in a PGE2-dependent manner. Conclusions This study demonstrated that implantation of USC reduces inflammation in an IBD rodent model via downregulation of Th1/Th17 immune responses, indicating that USC therapy serves as a potential cell-based therapeutic candidate treatment for IBD.

The gestational weight gain (GWG) range of Chinese women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) still remains unclear. Our objective was to identify the ranges of GWG in Chinese women with GDM, and to investigate the associations between pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), GWG and maternal-infant adverse outcomes. GDM Women delivering singleton from 2013 to 2018 in a tertiary public hospital were collected. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the joint effects of pre-pregnancy BMI and GWG on maternal-infant adverse outcomes. Finally, 14,578 women were collected. The ranges of GWG of Chinese women with GDM in the underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese groups were 5.95-21.95kg, 4.23-21.83kg, 0.88-21.12kg and-1.76-19.95kg, respectively. The risks of large for gestational age (LGA), macrosomia and cesarean delivery were significantly increased with the increase of pre-pregnancy BMI. Furthermore, the risks of LGA, macrosomia and cesarean delivery were significantly higher in normal weight group with GWG higher than the National Academy of Medicine’s (NAM) recommendation. Similarly, in overweight group with GWG higher than NAM recommendation, the risks of LGA were significantly higher, while, the risks of macrosomia were significantly lower. In conclusion, the ranges of GWG in GDM women were different with NAM recommendation.

The cultivation of the sense of social responsibility is an important part of the college education in all links, all elements, and multiple dimensions. Social practice is an essential approach for improving the sense of social responsibility, in which the college students in the current are generally lacking. Therefore, the college and the society, as well as the government should make full use of social practice as a second classroom to cultivate college students’ patriotism and social responsibility, and urge them to implant such senses in their daily life.

Testis is the male gonad with the main functions of secreting androgens and producing sperm. Testicular aging can induce sexual and reproductive dysfunctions and a series of systemic symptoms, which not only seriously affect the life quality of elderly and middle-aged men but are also closely related to the development and progression of chronic diseases, such as vascular and metabolic disorders. This review focuses on the concept, clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, evaluation methods and intervention strategies of testicular aging, as well as the prospects for its future research directions, aiming to help clinicians gain a deeper insight into and attach more importance to this condition, so as to improve its prevention and treatment.

Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) is an important factor that causes male infertility. Stem cells are a group of cells capable of self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation, and embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells can generate spermatozoa through differentiation, which, however, is confronted with ethical constraints and the risk of tumorigenesis. Spermatogonial stem cells can produce haploid gametes by differentiation but human spermatogonial stem cells are difficult to be cultured in vitro. Mesenchymal stem cells promote spermatogenesis through paracrine activity, and Leydig stem cells act on sperm production by secreting testosterone. 2D co-culture of multiple stem cells and 3D testicular organ culture can promote spermatogenesis by simulating a better spermatogenic microenvironment of the testis. Some progress has been achieved in the treatment of NOA by stem cell therapy despite existing problems and difficulties. This review summarizes the advances in the studies of stem cell therapy for NOA and introduces its application prospects and existing problems so as to provide some reference for the relevant researches and application.

Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), more than 130,000 people worldwide have been infected. Many studies show that the testis is one of the organs with a high expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the receptor/binding protein of SARS-CoV-2, which has aroused public concerns about the possible damage to male fertility. This article presents a review and analysis of the existing literature, aiming to achieve an objective understanding of the significance of the ACE2 expression in the testis. Hitherto, clinical and laboratory data available on COVID-19 are not sufficient to provide any direct evidence that the testis is a target organ of the virus. Whether the coronavirus damages fertility in male patients with COVID-19 requires further investigation. In the absence of sufficient research-based evidence, damage of the virus to male fertility should not be over-interpreted.

In December, 2019, several cases of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) were reported in Wuhan, Hubei. Since then, more and more NCP cases, confirmed or suspected, have been found in China and other parts of the world, and the virus is now showing a tendency towards a wider spread. During the NCP epidemic, all medical workers are confronted with special challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases and required of even more accurate therapeutic protocols as well as stricter observation of the principles for the prevention and control of NCP. Therefore, the Andrology Branch of Chinese Medical Association convened relevant experts to summarize the special points for andrologic clinicians to attend to in the diagnosis and treatment of male diseases during the NCP epidemic.

Aims and objectives To observe the psychological status of pregnant women during COVID-19 pandemic, and to test a hypothetical model that estimates the influence of psychological response to COVID-19 and security sense on pregnancy stress. Background COVID-19 advanced rapidly and then spread worldwide. Pregnant women were more susceptible to the COVID-19 infection. Furthermore, it is not clear whether this infection will increase the risk of congenital monstrosity, foetal growth restriction, premature delivery or cause other long-term adverse effects. Design A descriptive, cross-sectional survey. Methods A total of 331 pregnant women participated in this study. And this research adhered to the STROBE guideline. The psychological questionnaire for emergent events of public health, pregnancy stress scale and security questionnaire were used to collect data. The hypothetical path model was tested using the SPSS version 25.0 software and AMOS version 26.0 software. Results Fear and depression were the most common psychological responses among pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic. The hypothesis model of this study fitted the data well, and the results showed that psychological response positively affected pregnancy stress, while security sense negatively affected pregnancy stress; security sense mediated between psychological response and pregnancy stress. Conclusion Nurses and midwives can help reduce the stress in pregnant women by alleviating their psychological response to the COVID-19 pandemic and by improving their security sense. Relevance to clinical practice It is essential for the health staff to build trust with pregnant women and their families, and communicate accurate information to them. Nurses should promptly conduct a psychological response evaluation and psychological guidance for pregnant women to alleviate their fears and hypochondria related to COVID-19.

Purpose Midwives with high work stress are prone to suboptimal health status (SHS). However, there is a lack of unified measurement standard for SHS. Sub-Health Measurement Scale V1.0 (SHMS V1.0) is a multidimensional inventory that has been proved to have adequate psychometric properties in other populations. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate validity and reliability of SHMS V1.0 in midwives.Methods In this cross-sectional study, 842 midwives from 46 midwifery institutions completed the SHMS V1.0. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability of SHMS V1.0 were assessed with Cronbach's alpha and Pearson correlation coefficient. Project analysis and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed to assess construct validity. Concurrent validity of SHMS V1.0 was evaluated by Pearson correlation analysis with the 14-item Fatigue Scale (FS-14).Results The total Cronbach's alpha and test-retest reliability coefficient of SHMS V1.0 was 0.908 and 0.804, respectively. The correlation coefficients between each item and its corresponding dimension, and those between each dimension and its corresponding subscale were all greater than 0.4. The CFA supported the structure of SHMS V1.0 with strong factor loadings and excellent fit indexes in the first-order and modified second-order factor model. The concurrent validity for SHMS V1.0 showed large correlation with FS-14, but social subscale showed medium correlations with total fatigue, physical fatigue and mental fatigue. Conclusions The SHMS V1.0 is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring SHS for midwives. Given the severity and harmfulness of SHS in midwives, SHMS V1.0 is recommended as an important tool for clinical practice and research.

Aims To identify the level of workplace fatigue among midwives and factors influencing their fatigue. Background Midwives who play an important role in medical care are prone to experience workplace fatigue, which negatively affects their well-being and work quality. Methods A multi-centre cross-sectional study was conducted among 666 Chinese midwives from 38 hospitals in March 2019. Data were collected by four questionnaires of self-designed demographic questions, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Social Support Self-Rating Scale and the 14-item Fatigue Scale. Descriptive statistics, univariate analysis and multiple linear regression were used to analyse the data. Results Midwives had moderate levels of fatigue with the mean scores of physical fatigue, mental fatigue and total fatigue being 9.53, 6.25 and 15.79, respectively. Multiple linear regression results showed that sleep quality, social support, job satisfaction, occupational injuries, adverse life events, frequency of irregular meals and employment type were statistically significant factors influencing fatigue among the participants. Conclusions Physical and mental fatigue were generally common among midwives and were affected by personal-related and work-related factors, sleep quality and social support. Implications for nursing management Nurse administrators have the opportunity to advocate for improved health policy under the two children rule to prevent workplace fatigue amongst midwives.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the curative effect of progressively integrated sandplay therapy on core symptoms and sleep management in preschool children with mild-to-moderate autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHODS: A total of 50 mild-to-moderate ASD preschool children were randomly divided into an experimental group (n=25) and a control group (n=25). The control group was treated with structured teaching and auditory integration training (AIT). Based on these, the experimental group was treated with progressively integrated sandplay therapy. The Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC), Children Autism Rating Scale (CARS), Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), Children's Sleep Habit Questionnaire (CSHQ) and emotion recognition tools were used to evaluate the overall curative effect before treatment and 3 months after treatment. RESULTS: The experimental group had significantly lower scores of feeling, social interaction, somatic motor, language factor, total ABC and total CARS than the control group (P < 0.05). The experimental group had also significantly lower scores of social cognition, social communication, social motivation, autistic behavior factor and total SRS than the control group (P < 0.05). The experimental group had a significantly higher accurate rate of recognition of the upper facial expression and lower facial expression than the control group (P < 0.05). The experimental group had significantly lower scores of bedtime resistance, sleep onset, sleep duration, night waking, daytime sleepiness, and total CSHQ than the control group (P < 0.05). The experimental group had significantly reduced themes of wounding and significantly increased themes of healing after sandplay therapy (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Progressively integrated sandplay therapy can effectively improve the core symptoms and sleep quality of preschool children with mild-to-moderate ASD, which can be used as an early rehabilitation measure.

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical efficacy of interactive group sandplay versus individual sandplay in the treatment of preschool children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHODS: A total of 80 ASD children, aged 4-6 years, were enrolled and randomly divided into experimental and control groups, with 40 children in each group. The children in the experimental group joined group sandplay with normal children at a ratio of 1:3, and those in the control group were treated with individual sandplay. The Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) and Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC) were used to evaluate the treatment outcome after three months of intervention. RESULTS: There were 33 children in the experimental group and 28 in the control group. After three months of intervention, the experimental group had significant reductions in the scores of irritability, social withdrawal, and stereotypic behavior and the total score of the ABC scale (P < 0.05), and the control group had significant reductions in the scores of behavior and inappropriate speech and the total score of the ABC scale (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the experimental group had significantly greater improvements in the score of social withdrawal and the total score of the ABC scale after three months of intervention (P < 0.05). After three months of intervention, the experimental group had significant reductions in the scores of sociability, sensory and cognitive awareness, and physical/health behavior and the total score of the ATEC scale (P < 0.05), and the control group had significant reductions in the scores of speech, sociability, and physical/health behavior and the total score of the ATEC scale (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the experimental group had significantly greater improvements in the scores of speech, sociability, and sensory and cognitive awareness and the total score of the ATEC scale after intervention (P < 0.01). Compared with the control group, the experimental group also had significantly greater improvements in eye contact and sand stereotyped arrangement (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Both interactive group sandplay and individual sandplay are effective in the treatment of ASD in preschool children. Interactive group sandplay is better than individual sandplay in the treatment of ASD, with significant improvements in sociability, emotion and stereotypic behavior.

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical effect of integrated sandplay therapy in preschool children with Asperger syndrome (AS). METHODS: A total of 44 preschool children with AS were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group, with 22 children in each group. The children in the control group were given routine training, and those in the experimental group were given integrated sandplay therapy in addition to the routine training. The treatment response was assess by the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), emotional recognition tools and changes in sandplay theme characteristics after 6 months of treatment. RESULTS: Before intervention, there were no signifcant differences between the two groups in the total score of SRS, the score of each factor of SRS, and correct rates of facial expression recognition of the upright position, inverted position, upper face and lower face (P > 0.05). After 6 months of intervention, both groups had signifcant reductions in the total score of SRS and the score of each factor of SRS (P < 0.01); the control group had signifcant increases in the correct rates of facial expression recognition of all positions except the upright position (P < 0.05), while the experimental group had significant increases in the correct rates of facial expression recognition of all positions (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group after intervention, the experimental group had significantly lower total score of SRS and scores of all factors of SRS except social perception (P < 0.01) and signifcantly higher correct rates of facial expression recognition of all positions (P < 0.01). The experimental group had a signifcant change in the number of sandplay theme characteristics after intervention (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Integrated sandplay therapy can improve social responsiveness and emotion recognition ability in preschool children with AS.

Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, special education schools for children in most areas of China were closed between the end of January and the beginning of June in 2020. The sudden interruption in schooling and the pandemic itself caused parents to be anxious and even to panic. Mobile-based parenting skills education has been demonstrated to be an effective method for improving the psychological well-being of mothers with children with autism. However, whether it can improve the psychological states of mothers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic is a subject that should be urgently investigated. Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of WeChat-based parenting training on anxiety, depression, parenting stress, and hope in mothers with children with autism, as well as the feasibility of the program during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This was a quasi-experimental trial. A total of 125 mothers with preschool children with autism were recruited in January 2020. The participants were assigned to the control group (n=60), in which they received routine care, or the intervention group (n=65), in which they received the 12-week WeChat-based parenting training plus routine care, according to their preferences. Anxiety, depression, parenting stress, hope, satisfaction, and adherence to the intervention were measured at three timepoints: baseline (T0), postintervention (T1), and a 20-week follow-up (T2). Results In total, 109 mothers completed the T1 assessment and 104 mothers completed the T2 assessment. The results of the linear mixed model analysis showed statistically significant group × time interaction effects for the intervention on anxiety (F=14.219, P Conclusions The WeChat-based parenting training is acceptable and appears to be an effective approach for reducing anxiety, depression, and parenting stress, as well as increasing hope in mothers with children with autism during the global COVID-19 pandemic. Future studies with rigorous designs and longer follow-up periods are needed to further detect the effectiveness of the WeChat-based parenting training. Trial Registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2000031772; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=52165

// San-Gang Wu 1, * , Jia-Yuan Sun 2, * , Li-Chao Yang 3, * , Li-Ying Tang 4 , Xue Wang 4 , Xue-Ting Chen 4 , Gui-Hua Liu 5 , Huan-Xin Lin 2 , Qin Lin 1 , Zhen-Yu He 2 1 Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, People’s Republic of China 2 Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Radiation Oncology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, People’s Republic of China 3 Department of Basic Medical Science, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People’s Republic of China 4 Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People’s Republic of China 5 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People’s Republic of China * These authors have contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Qin Lin, email: linqin05@163.com Zhen-Yu He, email: hezhy@sysucc.org.cn Keywords: breast cancer, breast cancer subtype, distant metastasis, patterns Received: December 25, 2015 Accepted: May 20, 2016 Published: June 16, 2016 ABSTRACT To access possible relationships between breast cancer subtypes (BCS) and patterns of distant metastasis in advanced breast cancer. Breast cancer patients with distant metastasis at two academic centers from 2000-2015 were retrospectively reviewed. The breast cancer was classified into four subtypes: hormone receptor (HR) +/ human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) − (i.e., estrogen receptor [ER] + and/or progesterone receptor [PR] +, HER2−); HR+/HER2+ (ER+ and/or PR+, HER2+), HR−/HER2+ (ER− and PR−, and HER2+); and HR−/HER2− (ER− and PR−, and HER2−). A total of 679 patients were identified. The distribution of the BCS was 39.9% (271/679), 23.7% (161/679), 16.8% (114/679), and 19.6% (133/679) in HR+/HER2−, HR+/HER2+, HR−/HER2+, and HR−/HER2−, respectively. Patients with HR+/HER2+ and HR−/HER2+ subtypes were prone to abdominal and pelvic metastasis, those with HR+/HER2− and HR+/HER2+ subtypes were prone to bone metastasis, while patients with the HR−/HER2− subtype were prone to lung/mediastinal and brain metastases. In patients with pleural, axillary and/or neck lymph node, and other distant soft tissue metastases, there was no significant difference in metastatic patterns among the BCS. There are different patterns of distant metastasis associated with different BCS. There should be a different focus in the postoperative follow-up and monitoring of breast cancer patients with different BCS.

The nanopowders of Mg-Al carbonate layered double hydroxides (MgAl-LDH) were prepared via coprecipitation process. ZnO nanoparticles were homogeneously coated on the ceramic MgAl-LDH surface. After calcination at 500 °C for 4 h, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were employed to investigate the crystal structure and morphology, respectively. It was demonstrated that ZnO nanoparticles were successfully prepared on ceramic MgAl-LDH support. The obtained nano-ZnO photocatalyst showed a high photocatalytic degradation of malachite green. The enhanced photocatalytic property can be attributed to both high photocatalytic activity of ZnO and good adsorption behavior of ceramic MgAl-LDH, in which the flaky structure of MgAl-LDH plays an important role.

To investigate the effect of micro-dissection testicular sperm extraction (microTESE) for patients with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) and the indications of the strategy.This retrospective study included 196 cases of NOA undergoing microTESE in our center from September 2014 to March 2017. We recorded the sperm retrieval rate (SRR) and analyzed its correlation with the patients' age, testis volume, level of blood follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and etiological factors.Testicular sperm were successfully retrieved from 87 (44.4%) of the patients. No significant correlation was found between the SRR and the patients' age, testis volume, or blood FSH level (P0.05). As regards etiological factors, the SRR was 100% (29/29) in the patients with orchitis, 66.7% (16/24) in those surgically treated for cryptorchidism, 55.6% (10/18) in those with other secondary testis lesions, 60.0% (3/5) in those with AZFc deletion, 40.9% (9/22) in those with severe idiopathic testicular atrophy, 21.4% (12/56) in those with idiopathic NOA, 20.5% (8/39) in those with Klinefelter's syndrome, and 0% (0/3) in those with other abnormal karyotypes.MicroTESE is an effective strategy for sperm retrieval in NOA patients, and the SRR is correlated with etiological factors but not with the FSH level or testis volume of the patients.目的: 探讨显微镜下睾丸切开取精术应用于非梗阻性无精子症患者的疗效，以及显微取精术的手术适应症。 方法: 回顾性分析自2014年9月至2017年3月在我院接受显微镜下睾丸切开取精术的196例非梗阻性无精子症病例，统计取精成功率及其与年龄、睾丸体积、FSH、病因的相关性。 结果: 共87例（44.4%）患者成功手术取精；按手术成功取精与否分为阳性组与阴性组比较，患者年龄、睾丸大小及血FSH无统计学差异（P0.05）；按病因分类，取精成功率分别为睾丸炎29例(100%)、隐睾下降术后16例(66.7%)、其他各种继发损害10例(55.6%)、AZFc区缺失3例(60.0%)、严重睾丸发育不良9例(40.9%)、特发性无精子症12例(21.4%)、Klinerfelter综合征8例(20.5%)、其他Y染色体异常0例(0%)。 结论: 显微镜下睾丸切开取精术是非梗阻性无精子症患者获取精子助孕的有效手段，其取精成功率与睾丸大小及FSH高低无关，存在明确病因的患者获精率高。.

Aims We previously showed in patients with ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) that admission levels of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) predict infarct size. We studied whether admission MIF alone or in combination with other biomarkers is useful for risk assessment of acute and chronic clinical outcomes in STEMI patients. Methods and results A total of 658 STEMI patients treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were consecutively recruited. MIF level was determined at admission and echocardiography performed on day-3 and then 12 months post-MI. Patients were followed for a median period of 64 months. Major endpoints included ST-segment resolution, all-cause mortality, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). High MIF level was associated with larger enzymatic infarct size, incomplete resolution of ST-segment elevation post-PCI, impaired left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and poorer improvement of LVEF (all P

The accuracy and stability of circular conical surface is easily influenced by the different distribution of noise and points in point cloud, when 3D point cloud data fits conical surface. For this reason, this paper proposes a novel method of establishing and optimizing the objective function with conical vertex. First, calculate the axis direction and half-apex angle of the cone; second, calculate conical vertex according to the result got in the first step; third, establish objective function with axis direction and half-apex angle and vertex, and optimize it with Levenberg-Marquardt. The method’s feasibility and robustness are verified by simulating and real experiments. The proposed algorithm has been successfully applied to a self-development 3D measuring system (TN 3DOMS) of Mianyang Saint Buffalo Technologies Limited Company.

Distance measurement technology of binocular stereo vision has the advantages of wide-range detection, simplicity and reliability. The method is widely applied to robot obstacle avoidance and path planning. Binocular stereo vision can only measure the distance of images feature points generally. However, more information about distance of non-feature points is also needed to acquire in practical applications. This paper proposes a stereo distance measurement method, which can measure distance of points whether it is a feature point or not based on a dense matching method. A dense parallax map is obtained by the graph-cuts algorithm. On the basis of the calibration parameters of binocular camera and the left and right image dense parallax map, the three-dimensional coordinates of the any points and their distance will be gotten. The true image experiment has proved the feasibility of this algorithm with high accuracy and maneuverability.

Temperature dependence of chain conformation and local rigidity of two soluble isomerized polyimides (PIs), poly(hexafluorodianhydride/3,3′-dimethylbenzidine)[poly(6FDA/3,3′-DMB)] and poly(hexafluorodianhy-dride/2,2′-dimethylbenzidine)[poly(6FDA/2,2′-DMB)] were investigated by dilute solution viscosity, size exclusion chromatography(SEC) coupled with multi-angle laser light scattering, viscometer, and refractive index detector in dimethylformamide(DMF) with either 0.1 mol/L LiBr or 3.1 mmol/L tetrabutylammonium bromide(TBAB) in the temperature range of 30 to 50 °C. The scaling relationships of [η]=K η M α and R g=K g M ν obtained are employed to investigate the temperature dependence of chain conformation for the two polyimides. The values of α and ν are in the range of 0.66–0.69 and 0.53–0.56, respectively, for poly(6FDA/3,3′-DMB), meanwhile they are in the range of 0.64–0.68 and 0.53–0.56, respectively, for poly(6FDA/2,2′-DMB). These results reveal that random coil conformations for both PIs are not affected visibly with increasing temperature from 30 °C to 50 °C. However, values of more exact intrinsic viscosity from dilute solution measurement indicate there is only tiny coil extension or shrinkage for both PIs with temperature rising. Parameters related to chain flexibility of polymer, including persistence length l p, shift factor M L (relative molecular weight per unit contour length) and backbone diameter d are estimated from the relationship between intrinsic viscosity and molecular weight for the continuous wormlike cylinder model, which indicates that two samples are flexible chains, only the chain of poly(6FDA/3,3′-DMB) is stiffer than that of poly(6FDA/2,2′-DMB) slightly.