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Objective: This study aimed to analyze research on anxiety disorders using VOSviewer and CiteSpace to identify research hotspots and future directions. Methods: We conduct ed a comprehensive search on the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) for relevant studies about anxiety disorders published within the past two decades (from 2004 to 2024). VOSviewer and CiteSpace were mainly used to analyze the authors, institutions, countries, publishing journals, reference co-citation patterns, keyword co-occurrence, keyword clustering, and other aspects to construct a knowledge atlas. Results: A total of 22,267 publications related to anxiety disorders were retrieved. The number of publications about anxiety disorders has generally increased over time, with some fluctuations. The United States emerged as the most productive country, with Harvard University identified as the most prolific institution and Brenda W. J. H. Penninx as the most prolific author in the field. Conclusion: This research identified the most influential publications, authors, journals, institutions, and countries in the field of anxiety research. Future research directions are involved advanced treatments based on pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy and digital interventions, mechanism exploration to anxiety disorders based on neurobiological and genetic basis, influence of social and environmental factors on the onset of anxiety disorders.

BackgroundEpilepsy ranks among the most common neurological disorders worldwide, frequently accompanied by depression as a prominent comorbidity. This study employs bibliometric analysis to reveal the research of comorbid epilepsy and depression over the past two decades, aiming to explore trends and contribute insights to ongoing investigations.MethodsWe conducted a comprehensive search on the Web of Science Core Collection database and downloaded relevant publications on comorbid epilepsy and depression published from 2003 to 2023. VOSviewer and CiteSpace were mainly used to analyze the authors, institutions, countries, publishing journals, reference co-citation patterns, keyword co-occurrence, keyword clustering, and other aspects to construct a knowledge atlas.ResultsA total of 5,586 publications related to comorbid epilepsy and depression were retrieved, with a general upward trend despite slight fluctuations in annual publications. Publications originated from 121 countries and 636 institutions, with a predominant focus on clinical research. The United States led in productivity (1,529 articles), while Melbourne University emerged as the most productive institution (135 articles). EPILEPSY & BEHAVIOR was the journal with the highest publication output (1,189 articles) and citation count. Keyword analysis highlighted emerging trends, including “recognitive impairment” and “mental health,” indicating potential future research hotspots and trends.ConclusionThis study is one of the first to perform a bibliometric analysis of the 20-year scientific output of comorbid epilepsy and depression. While research has trended upwards, ambiguity in pathogenesis and the absence of standardized diagnostic guidelines remain concerning. Our analysis offers valuable guidance for researchers, informing that this might be a strong area for future collaborations.

Abstract Background Maternal oxygen supplementation is usually used as an intrauterine resuscitation technique to prevent fetal hypoxia and acidemia during delivery. However, there has been a great deal of controversy regarding the effects of prophylactic maternal oxygen during cesarean section, during which the incidence of fetal acidemia seems to be higher compared with that during labor. High-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) can improve oxygenation better in patients with high-flow oxygen airflow. The purpose of this study is to determine whether maternal oxygen supplementation with HFNO has a positive effect on fetal acidemia during cesarean section through umbilical arterial blood gas analysis. Method This prospective, single-center, randomized, double-blinded trial will enroll 120 patients undergoing cesarean section. Participants will be randomly assigned to the HFNO group or air group at a 1:1 ratio. For parturients in the HFNO group, the flow rate is 40L/min, and the oxygen is heated to 37℃ with humidity 100% oxygen concentration through the Optiflow high-flow nasal oxygen system. And for the air group, the flow rate is 2 L/min with an air pattern through the same device. The primary outcome was umbilical artery (UA) lactate. Secondary outcomes include UA pH, PO2, PCO2, BE, the incidence of pH

Addressing the challenge of limited samples arising from the difficulty and high cost of pavement crack, image collecting and labeling, along with the inadequate ability of traditional data augmentation methods to enhance sample feature space, we propose VDCrackGAN, a generative adversarial network combining VAE and DCGAN, specifically tailored for pavement crack data augmentation. Furthermore, spectral normalization is incorporated to enhance the stability of network training, and the self-attention mechanism Swin Transformer is integrated into the network to further improve the quality of crack generation. Experimental outcomes reveal that in comparison to the baseline DCGAN, VDCrackGAN achieves notable improvements of 13.6% and 26.4% in the Inception Score (IS) and Fréchet Inception Distance (FID) metrics, respectively.

Abstract The use of light to regulate photocatalyzed reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) under mild conditions, especially driven by broadband light or sunlight directly, is highly desired. But the development of a suitable photocatalyzed polymerization system for large-scale production of polymers, especially block copolymers, has remained a big challenge. Herein, we report the development of a phosphine-based conjugated hypercrosslinked polymer (PPh3-CHCP) photocatalyst for an efficient large-scale photoinduced copper-catalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization (Cu-ATRP). Monomers including acrylates and methyl acrylates can achieve near-quantitative conversions under a wide range (450–940 nm) of radiations or sunlight directly. The photocatalyst could be easily recycled and reused. The sunlight-driven Cu-ATRP allowed the synthesis of homopolymers at 200 mL from various monomers, and monomer conversions approached 99% in clouds intermittency with good control over polydispersity. In addition, block copolymers at 400 mL scale can also be obtained, which demonstrates its great potential for industrial applications.

Methane (CH_4) is an important greenhouse gas that is 25 times that its CO_2 equivalent. There is low concentration (0.05% ~0.5%) CH_4 leakage in marine natural gas engine exhaust. It is difficult to capture and utilize low concentration CH_4 because of its stable chemical structure and high ignition temperature. Catalytic oxidation is the main method to remove low concentration CH_4 from tail gas. The noble metal palladium (Pd) is the best catalytic material for the complete oxidation of low concentration CH_4. In this paper, the main research progress of Pd-based catalysts is reviewed for their low-temperature activity, reliability and development cost. Firstly, the effects of Pd particle size and valence distribution, Pd dispersion state, type of support and strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) on methane oxidation activity are clarified; then, the mechanism of methane oxidation on the surface of Pd-based catalysts is summarized; in addition, the deactivation mechanisms of Pd-based catalysts, such as high temperature sintering, water poisoning and sulfur poisoning, are described in detail; finally, the main challenges and the future development of Pd-based catalysts for the complete oxidation of low concentration methane are summarized, and the strategies for improving the performance of Pd-based catalysts are proposed.

Using industrial by-products to replace cement is an important way to reduce carbon emissions in the cement industry. The purpose of this article is to understand the effect of quartz powder on the properties of cement-based materials. Experimental studies were conducted on the macroscopic and microscopic properties of cement-based materials mixed with quartz powder to evaluate their feasibility as a replacement for cement. The substitution rates of quartz powder were 0% (Qu0), 7.5% (Qu7.5), and 15% (Qu15). The test time was from 1 day to 28 days, and the main results are as follows: In the early stage of the hydration reaction, as the amount of quartz powder substitution increases, the cumulative hydration heat increases. This is mainly because the nucleation effect of quartz powder accelerates the hydration reaction of cement. In the later stage of the hydration reaction, as the amount of quartz powder substitution increases, the cumulative heat of hydration decreases. This is mainly due to the diluting effect of quartz powder. For Qu0, Qu7.5, and Qu15, the decrease in compressive strength after 1 day is not obvious. The decrease in compressive strength at 28 days is more obvious. Overall, there are exponential relationships between the UPV measurement or surface resistivity results and the compressive strength measurement results at 1, 3, 7, and 28 days. The XRD test results show that the main products of the reaction are AFt, CH, Hc, and Mc. From Day 1 to Day 28, the content of Mc becomes evident. The test results for TG showed that, as the amount of quartz powder substitution increases, the mass loss decreases. For different specimens of Qu0, Qu7.5, and Qu15 at different test times (3 and 28 days), there is an exponential function relationship between chemically bound water and strength. A numerical hydration model is proposed for cement–quartz binary blends. The parameters of the hydration model are determined based on the hydration heat normalized by the cement mass. Moreover, the hydration heat at 28 days is calculated using the proposed model. The strength development of all specimens and all test ages can be expressed as an exponential function of hydration heat.

Replacing cement with industrial by-products is an important way to achieve carbon neutrality in the cement industry. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of eggshell powder on cement hydration properties, and to evaluate its feasibility as a substitute for cement. The substitution rates of eggshell powder are 0%, 7.5%, and 15%. Studying the heat of hydration and macroscopic properties can yield the following results. First: The cumulative heat of hydration based on each gram of cementitious material falls as the eggshell powder content rises. This is a result of the eggshell powder’s diluting action. However, the cumulative heat of hydration per gram of cement rises due to the nucleation effect of the eggshell powder. Second: The compressive strengths of ES0, ES7.5, and ES15 samples at 28 days of age are 54.8, 43.4, and 35.5 MPa, respectively. Eggshell powder has a greater negative impact on the compressive strength. The effect of eggshell powder on the speed and intensity of ultrasonic waves has a similar trend. Third: As the eggshell powder content increases, the resistivity gradually decreases. In addition, we also characterize the microscopic properties of the slurry with added eggshell powder. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) shows that, as the age increases from 1 day to 28 days, hemicaboaluminate transforms into monocaboaluminate. As the content of the eggshell powder increases, FTIR analysis finds a slight decrease in the content of CSH. Similarly, thermogravimetric (TG) results also show a decrease in the production of calcium hydroxide. Although the additional nucleation effect of eggshell powder promotes cement hydration and generates more portlandite, it cannot offset the loss of portlandite caused by the decrease in cement. Last: A numerical hydration model is presented for cement–eggshell powder binary blends. The parameters of the hydration model are determined based on hydration heat normalized by cement mass. Moreover, the hydration heat until 28 days is calculated using the proposed model. The strength development of all specimens and all test ages can be expressed as an exponential function of hydration heat.