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This study aims to determine why the uprising of Jesus of Nazareth fostered an afterlife in spite of the fact that Jesus was executed. There were numerous uprisings at the turn of the Common Era in Palestine, and every uprising leader suffered the same fate, death, and every uprising subsequently desisted, except for Jesus'. The characteristics of the uprisings of Judas son of Hezekias, Simon of Peraea, Athronges the Shepherd, Judas the Galilean, John the Baptist, Jesus of Nazareth and Theudas (4 B.C.E. - 44 C.E.) are analysed in order to discover reasons to explain this anomaly. The perceptions and actions of the three ruling parties of Palestine at the time (Romans, Herods, Jewish leadership) are investigated to determine what affect they had on each uprising. It is concluded that the reason Jesus' uprising had an afterlife was timing. It is proposed that Jesus' uprising occurred at a time of relative peace and stability in Palestine. It was also a time of political concern for Pilate in relation to his standing with Tiberius. This state of affairs contributed to Pilate allowing Jesus' followers to live and fostered an environment conducive to advancing the movement.

Este trabajo busca la manera de esclarecer los principios establecidos por diferentes autores de métodos de Songwriting, con el fin de integrarlos y adaptarlos a las particularidades específicas dentro del proceso de redacción de 10 letras para 10 canciones propias, en combinación con el estudio y aplicación de algunos recursos literarios en el proceso de reescritura con el fin de mejorar la calidad de cada texto de cada letra resultante del primer proceso. Y por último, dentro de el proceso compositivo de cada canción se busca mantener prosodia que permita la inteligibilidad y naturalidad de cada texto en relación con la música. Los principios que abordamos para el estudio de manera teorico práctica en este trabajo son: • La idea • Un título memorable • Un comienzo fuerte • Un desenlace/argumento • Los componentes de la forma canción • Reescritura a partir de recursos literarios También se tuvo en cuenta fundamentos de métrica, rima, esquemas de rima, acentuación de palabras, acentuación del verso, y algunas figuras retóricas del idioma español como parte de nuestros recursos literarios. Seguido del análisis de la letra de tres canciones reconocidas en la industria. Por último, la composición de 10 canciones concebidas a la luz de los principios estudiados en la investigación con el fin de aplicar e ilustrar las técnicas y recursos investigados. This work seeks to clarify the principles established by different authors of Songwriting methods, with the purpose of integrating them and adapting them to the specific characteristics within the process of writing 10 letters for 10 own songs, in combination with the study and application of Some literary resources in the process of rewriting in order to improve the quality of each text of each letter resulting from the first process. And finally, within the songwriting process of each song is to maintain prosody that allows the intelligibility and naturalness of each text in relation to music. The principles that we approach for the study in a practical theoretical way in this work are: • The idea • A memorable title • A strong start • An outcome / argument • The components of the song form • Rewriting from literary resources Fundamentals of metrics, rhyme, rhyme schemes, accentuation of words, accentuation of the verse, and some rhetorical figures of the Spanish language as part of our literary resources were also taken into account. Followed by the analysis of the lyrics of three songs recognized in the industry. Finally, the composition of 10 songs conceived in light of the principles studied in the research in order to apply and illustrate the techniques and resources investigated. Magíster en Música Maestría

espanolLa radionovela es un genero radial en desuso con un lenguaje coloquial que conmueve a los oyentes en sus conductas linguisticas a traves de su influencia cotidiana. Cuyo lenguaje puede favorecer el aprendizaje en la comprension lectora de los estudiantes. El estudio tuvo como proposito implementar la radionovela como practica pedagogica para el aprendizaje de lectura en basica primaria. Este estuvo guiado bajo los lineamientos metodologicos de la IEP con un diseno basado en las trayectorias de indagacion. Se utilizaron tecnicas de recoleccion de datos como; la observacion participante y el diario de campo. La poblacion estuvo conformada por cuarenta (40) estudiantes de basica primaria de la IED Cerro Blanco del Municipio de Zona Bananera, Magdalena. Se evidencio que los estudiantes mejoraron su comprension lectora y por ende su desempeno academico observando que el acompanamiento en casa muchas veces era limitado porque los adultos no sabian leer y a traves de la implementacion de la radionovela lograron comprender y acompanar a los estudiantes en el proceso de aprendizaje, concluyendo que cualquier accion educativa esta compuesta por relaciones sociales, estan manifiestan bajo formas pedagogicas aquellas representaciones sociales que son visibles en este genero radial. EnglishThe radionovela is a disused radio genre with a colloquial language that moves the listeners in their linguistic behaviors through their daily influence. Whose language can favor learning in the reading comprehension of students. The purpose of the study was to implement the radionovela as a pedagogical practice for reading learning in elementary school. This was guided under the methodological guidelines of the IEP with a design based on the trajectories of inquiry. Data collection techniques were used, such as; the participant observation and the field diary. The population was conformed by forty (40) primary students of the IED Cerro Blanco of the Municipality of Zona Bananera, Magdalena. It was evidenced that the students improved their reading comprehension and therefore their academic performance observing that the accompaniment at home was often limited because the adults did not know how to read and through the implementation of the radionovela they were able to understand and accompany the students in the process of learning, concluding that any educational action is composed of social relations, are manifested under pedagogical forms those social representations that are visible in this radial genre.

Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders (EBD) face many challenges in the classroom, including the propensity to act-out in class with externalizing behavior such as work avoidance, off-task behavior, refusal to follow rules, and aggression. Past research has focused on the benefits of using reward systems within the classroom, with evidence that those who teach using some form of reward system as a motivator often meet with success. Rewards driven by Token Economies have specifically shown promising results when used with students with disabilities who display challenging behaviors. The purpose of this study was to measure the effects of using physical and non-physical activity rewards on the behavior of students with EBD in the presence of a token economy. A quasi-experimental design with repeated measures was utilized for the study, and a convenience sample of 34 students with EBD from public schools in the Southwest United States was used. The Teacher Child Rating Scale 2.1 (T-CRS) was used to rate the behavior of the participants. Paired sample t-tests were conducted at a 95% confidence level with a Bonferroni correction to measure for significant differences between each of the four behavioral subscales on the T-CRS in order to determine if the four corresponding null hypotheses could be rejected. Results of the study show that there was a significant statistical difference on the behavior of students with EBD on two of the four behavioral subscales, depending on whether they were offered physical activity rewards or non-physical activity rewards. When the results of the study were coupled with the additional analysis, the researcher was able to narrow down which of the reward types proved most effective for increasing pro-social behavior in students with emotional and behavioral disorders.

Objective The aim of this study was to determine the dynamic between periodontitis and stress and the incidence of preterm birth (PTB), low birth weight (LBW) and preterm low birth weight (PLBW) in pregnant women from Pasto, Nariño, Colombia. Methods Forty-six women who attended to "Hospital Local Civil" localized in the city were involved. Periodontal clinical evaluation, pregnancy outcome variables and a stress scale were collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytic statistics. Results The incidence of PTB was 13 %, of LBW was 4.3 %, and the occurrence of PLBW was 21.7 %. Our findings showed that the presence of periodontitis and stress all together increase the risk of LBW babies (OR=4.6; 95 % CI: 0.2-86.6). Regarding, periodontitis and stress interaction, the risk of PTB (OR=0.9; 95 % CI: 0.08-9.6) and PLBW (OR=1.1; 95 % CI: 0.1-7.1) decreased in the presence of these two variables, although their values were higher in the absent of stress (PTB, OR=2.3; 95 % CI: 0.3- 14.7 and PLBW, OR=10.3; 95 % CI:1.1-93.2). Conclusions The periodontal disease in this study was associated with PTB, LBW and PLBW. However, their risk depends on the physiological changes produced by stress. Objetivo El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la dinámica entre periodontitis, estrés y la incidencia de nacimientos prematuros (NP), de bajo peso al nacer (BPN) y de prematuros y bajo peso al nacer (NPBP) de mujeres embarazadas de Pasto, Nariño, Colombia. Materiales y Métodos Un total de 46 mujeres que asistían al Hospital Local Civil de la ciudad fueron incluidas. Una evaluación clínica periodontal, variables sobre el parto y una escala de estrés fueron registradas. Los datos fueron analizados usando estadística descriptiva y analítica. Resultados La incidencia de NP fue 13 %, de BPN de 4,3 %, y la ocurrencia de NPBP de 21,7 %. Nuestros hallazgos muestran que la presencia de periodontitis y estrés en conjunto incrementan el riesgo de BPN (OR=4,6; IC al 95 % : 0,2-86,6). De acuerdo, con la interacción entre periodontitis y estrés, el riesgo de NP (OR=0,9; IC al 95 % :0,08- 9,6) y NPBP (OR=1,1; IC al 95 %: 0,1-7,1) disminuyó en la presencia de las dos variables, aunque sus riesgos fueron más elevados en la ausencia de estrés (NP, OR=2,3; IC al 95 %: 0,3-14,7 y NPBP, OR=10,3; IC al 95 % :1,1-93,2). Conclusión La enfermedad periodontal en este estudio estuvo asociada con NP, BPN y NPBP. Sin embargo, su riesgo depende de los cambios fisiológicos producidos por el estrés.

Introducción: Colombia es un país con dos productores de antivenenos de IgG, pero hay un mercado insatisfecho por diferentes razones técnicas. Objetivos: evaluar la eficacia y la seguridad de un antiveneno F(ab´)2 polivalente (Antivipmyn-Tri®) producido en México, y un nuevo esquema de dosis en accidente bothrópico en Colombia. Métodos: se realizaron durante 9 meses un ensayo clínico-terapéutico y cuantificaciones de veneno y antiveneno sérico (ELISA) en 53 pacientes. Resultados: cuarenta y cuatro pacientes fueron mordidos por Bothrops asper en Antioquia y Chocó y 9 por B. atrox en Amazonas; todos tenían sangre incoagulable al ingreso, 30 (56,6%) con sangrado local y 24 (45,3%) con sangrado sistémico. El grado final de envenenamiento fue leve en 13 (24,5%), moderado en 30 (56,6%) y grave en 10 pacientes (18,9%). A las dosis recomendadas de 5 frascos para los casos leves o moderados y 10 para los graves, Antivipmyn-Tri® fue 100% eficaz para disminuir significativamente las concentraciones séricas de veneno en la primera hora de tratamiento y para detener el sangrado en las primeras 6-12 horas, 96,2% eficaz para normalizar la coagulación en 24 horas y 100% en 48 horas. Hubo 2 casos (3,8%) de recurrencia de coagulopatía sin sangrado y 12 recurrencias de antigenemia sin implicaciones clínicas. Diez pacientes (18,9%) presentaron reacciones tempranas adversas (leves) a la faboterapia. No hubo muertes, y cuatro pacientes (7,5%) tuvieron secuelas. Conclusión: a las dosis utilizadas en este estudio, Antivipmyn-Tri® fue eficaz y seguro para el tratamiento del envenenamiento bothrópico en Colombia. Introduction: Colombia is a country with two whole IgG antivenom producers, but the expectancy of all the market are not fulfilled by different technical reasons. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a F(ab´)2 polyvalent antivenom produced in Mexico and of a new dosage regimen for Bothrops bites in Colombia. Methods: A clinical trial, including serum venom and antivenom measurements (ELISA), was performed during 9 months in 53 patients. Results: forty four patients were bitten by Bothrops asper in Antioquia and Chocó and 9 by B. atrox in Amazonas; on admission, all of them had nonclottable blood, 30 (56.6%) presented local and 24 (45.3%) systemic bleeding. The final envenoming grade was mild in 13 (24.5%), moderate in 30 (56.6%) and severe in 10 patients (18.9%). At the antivenom doses used in this study (5 vials for mild / moderate and 10 for severe envenoming), Antivipmyn Tri ® was 100% efficient to decrease significantly serum venom concentrations within the first treatment hour, and to stop local and systemic bleeding within 6-12 hours, 96.2% efficient to restore blood coagulation within 24 hours and 100% within 48 hours. Two patients (3.8%) had recurrence of coagulopathy without bleeding, and there were 12 recurrences of antigenaemia without clinical relevance. Ten (18.9%) patients suffered early mild adverse reactions to fabotherapy. There were no deaths and four patients (7.5%) presented sequelae. Conclusion: at the doses used in this study, Antivipmyn Tri® was efficient and safe for the treatment of Bothrops bites in Colombia.