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Introduction and Aims: Smoking is a major cause of preventable illness for Indigenous peoples. As most regular smoking is established during adolescence when other substances are often first used, effective tobacco prevention requires an understanding of the patterns of related substance use for Indigenous youth. Design and Methods: We reviewed smoking among Indigenous students through cross‐sectional analyses of the 2017 Australian Secondary Students' Alcohol and Drug survey and compared findings to non‐Indigenous participants. We used logistic regression to evaluate differences in prevalence of tobacco, alcohol and cannabis use, and how smoking and other substance use were related. Results: Past month smoking was strongly associated with alcohol and cannabis use for both Indigenous and non‐Indigenous students. The association between tobacco and cannabis use did not differ by Indigenous status, but the tobacco and alcohol use association was weaker for Indigenous students (P = 0.004). However, the prevalence of tobacco [odds ratio (OR) 1.91 (95% confidence interval; CI 1.55, 2.36)], alcohol [OR 1.44 (1.25, 1.66)] and cannabis [OR 1.97 (1.56, 2.48)] use in the past month was significantly higher in Indigenous than non‐Indigenous students. Even within the most socially advantaged sub‐group, Indigenous students were more likely to smoke than non‐Indigenous students [OR 3.37 (2.23, 5.09)]. Discussion and Conclusions: Cannabis and alcohol use are important predictors of smoking for all students. Tobacco policies and community programs must address common determinants of tobacco and other substance use, including resilience and social influence skills as well as broader family and community factors that may be different for Indigenous students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To examine the effect of a mass media campaign designed to increase bowel cancer screening participation. Methods: We assessed weekly participation, from January 2015 to December 2017, in the Australian National Bowel Cancer Screening Program in Victoria, where a seven-week campaign aired in mid-2017, and in the adjacent comparison state of South Australia. Participation, defined as the number of immunochemical faecal occult blood tests returned out of those invited by the Screening Program in the past 16 weeks, was analysed using negative binomial regression. Results: Compared with non-campaign weeks, there was an increase in the return rate in the campaign state during campaign weeks (adjusted return rates non-campaign weeks = 34.4% vs. campaign weeks = 45.3%, p < 0.01), not observed in the comparison state (38.3% vs. 40.3%, p > 0.05). The increase in the return rate was significantly greater in the campaign state (Rate Ratio of Campaign/Non-Campaign weeks = 1.31, p < 0.01) than the comparison state (1.05, p > 0.05, interaction p < 0.001), and did not differ significantly by age, sex or socio-economic area. The relative increase was greater among never-participants (Rate Ratio of Campaign/Non-Campaign weeks = 1.24) than previous-participants (1.16), interaction p < 0.001). Conclusions: This mass media campaign increased bowel cancer screening participation, including from never and low participation subgroups. To maximize participation and ensure equitable population benefit, repeated campaigns that reach eligible people about bowel cancer risks and potential life-saving benefits of screening should be standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Mental health lived experience organizations (LEOs) and their lived experience workforce are increasingly recognized as invaluable. However, a deeper understanding of the elements that enhance or inhibit LEOs' efficacy is required to learn how to sustain LEOs and support their workforce. Rapid international expansion has resulted in significant LEO growth and change, challenging many LEOs to adapt. With this rapid expansion, the field is evolving faster than many LEOs can keep pace with. This review, codesigned and coproduced in partnership with a LEO to draw on both lived experience and academic perspectives, aims for a deeper understanding of which elements within a LEO enhance or inhibit its efficacy, growth, and support for its lived experience workforce., Methods: A systematic search of peer-reviewed and non-peer-reviewed literature, following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines and JBI methodology, identified 60 records published in English between 2000 and 2022., Results: The results indicate general agreement regarding which LEO elements are important (e.g., culture, leadership, board composition, organizational structure, financial arrangements, and professionalization). However, considerable disagreements exist regarding the relative influence of several of these elements, especially funding arrangements, in which funder and LEO values often diverge; training for increased lived experience professionalization; and partnerships with medical model-focused mental health services., Conclusions: Organizational disagreements relate to managing future LEO growth and advancing the lived experience workforce while preserving LEOs' unique characteristics that make them valued mental health services. Further research should examine community differences among LEOs, including hybrid LEOs within services and non-LEO mental health organizations.