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This document summarizes the activities and results of a second participatory workshop to “Co-build a One Health community of practice in the Caribbean”, held in Punta Cana, Dominican Republic on November 20th-23rd, 2023. The participatory workshop is part of the AUSCAR (French acronym for One Health approach to reduce health risks in the Caribbean) research project funded by the INTERREG Caribbean program (https://interreg-caraibes.eu/) coordinated by the CIRAD in partnership with CARIBVET, CPHD, OIRSA, AGROSAVIA, CATIE, INIVIT, IIFT, and CORBANA. The participatory workshop was organized by CIRAD (French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development). During the four-day event, 41 participants from animal, plant, environmental and human health and social sciences collectively build the theory of change of the One Health community of practice in the Caribbean through a participatory strategic planning process, by using the ImpresS ex ante approach (https://impress-impact-recherche.cirad.fr/). This document presents the results of this process: Vision of the future, Problem tree, Actors mapping, Outcomes mapping, Consolidation of the outcomes mapping and identification of strategies.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a public health threat responsible for 700,000 deaths per year worldwide. Antimicrobial use (AMU) in livestock contributes to AMR in animal and public health. Therefore, it is essential to implement effective interventions towards better AMU in livestock. However, there is a lack of evidence to inform decision-makers of what works, how, for whom and why and how effective interventions can be adapted to different contexts. We conducted a scoping review and an impact pathway analysis to systematically map the research done in this area and to inform evidence-based and context-appropriate policies. We followed the PRISMA-ScR requirements and searched Web of Science, PubMed and Scopus databases to identify studies in English or French languages, in open access and published between 2000 and 2022. We selected thirty references addressing twenty-eight different interventions that were successful in changing AMU in livestock. We used an impact pathway logic model as an analytic framework to guide the technical aspects of the scoping review process and to identify the complex relationships between outputs, outcomes, impacts and contextual factors. A majority of interventions managed to improve AMU by changing herd and health management practices (ni=18). We identified intermediate outcomes including change in the veterinarian-farmer relationship (ni=7), in knowledge and perception (ni=6), and in motivation and confidence (ni=1). Twenty-two studies recorded positive impacts on animal health and welfare (ni=11), technical performances (ni=9), economic performances (ni=4) and AMR reduction (ni=4). Interventions implemented different strategies including herd and health management support (ni=20), norms and standards (ni=11), informational and educational measures (ni=10), economic support (ni=5). Studies were mainly in European countries and in pig and large ruminants farming. Most interventions targeted farmers or veterinarians but we identif

L'utilisation d'antibiotiques a diminué de près de 50 % dans les filières avicoles et porcines françaises en 15 ans. Cependant, cette évolution a été plus ou moins importante selon les élevages, et la mise en place de labels " sans antibiotiques " a pu se traduire dans certains cas par des excès de réduction d'usage des antibiotiques, au détriment de la santé et du bien-être des animaux. Pour avancer dans la rationnalisation du recours aux antibiotiques, une démarche participative a été menée, associant des représentants des vétérinaires praticiens, des interprofessions porcine et avicole, des instituts techniques, du ministère de l'agriculture et des chercheurs. L'article présente les étapes majeures de la démarche et leurs résultats, concernant la vision à long terme partagée par le groupe sur l'utilisation des antibiotiques en élevage, et l'analyse des verrous à lever pour avancer vers l'objectif partagé. Les résultats montrent entre autres l'importance de la standardisation et de la diffusion de dispositifs de suivi, à l'échelle de la ferme, de la santé et du bien-être des animaux, de l'utilisation des antibiotiques et du niveau de résistance aux antibiotiques, afin de permettre aux éleveurs et vétérinaires de piloter avec précision l'usage des antibiotiques. Les deux autres champs d'action du collectif concernent i) le besoin d'une meilleure communication et information des consommateurs sur la question de la santé animale, du bien-être et du bon usage des antibiotiques et ii) la compétitivité économique de la filière et la viabilité économique des exploitations qui veulent investir en prévention.

The Ebola virus disease epidemic that threatened West Africa between 2013 and 2016 was of unprecedented health magnitude. After this health crisis, studies highlighted the need to introduce community-based surveillance systems and to adopt a One Health approach. This study aimed to provide preparatory insights for the definition of a community-based surveillance system for emerging zoonoses such as viral hemorrhagic fevers in Guinea. The objective was to explore the disease detection capacity and the surveillance network opportunities at the community level in two pilot areas in the forest region of Guinea, where the epidemic emerged. Based on a participatory epidemiological and One Health approach, we conducted Focus Group Discussions with human, animal and ecosystem health actors. We used a range of participatory tools, included semi-structured interviews, ranking, scoring and flow diagram, to estimate the local knowledge and perception of diseases and clinical signs and to investigate the existing health information exchange network and its related strengths and weaknesses. The results showed that there is heterogeneity in knowledge of diseases and perception of the clinical signs among actors and that there are preferred and more effective health communication channels opportunities. This preparatory study suggests that it is necessary to adapt the case definitions and the health communication channels to the different actors who can play a role in a future community-based surveillance system and provides recommendations for future surveillance activities to be carried out in West Africa.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health threat responsible for 700,000 deaths per year worldwide. There is scientific evidence of the causal relationship between antimicrobial use (AMU) along the food chain and AMR. Improving AMU in livestock is therefore a key component in the fight against AMR. To improve AMU in livestock, there is no one-size-fits-all solution and strategies must be context-adapted and socially acceptable for actors in order to increase AMU sustainability. AMU decision-making is based on an interdependent set of economic, behavioral, ethical, and cultural factors that need to be assessed to advise on the potential impacts of measures. We hypothesized that a participatory strategic planning approach may increase the plausibility and the efficacy of the strategies formulated by facilitating the dialogue between actors of diverse backgrounds, stimulating innovative thinking and constant considerations of contextual factors, actors and impacts. We adapted and applied the ImpresS ex ante approach (IMPact in reSearch in the South, https://impress-impact-recherche.cirad.fr/) within a Living Lab engaging actors from the French pig and poultry sectors in co-creation of innovative strategies towards improved AMU. We conducted semi-structured interviews and participatory workshops between April 2021 and March 2022. The results describe 1) an initial diagnosis of the current AMU situation in the pig and poultry sectors in France; 2) a common vision of the future to which participants would like to contribute through the intervention; 3) an identification of the current problems opposed to this vision of the future; 4) a defined scope of the intervention; 5) a typology of actors protagonist or impacted by those issues and 6) outcome maps to solve a priority problem related to indicators and monitoring. This study provides recommendations for decision-makers on plausible and innovative strategies to sustainably improve AMU in pig and poultry s