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97 results on '"Guegan, Jean-Francois"'

5. Getting out of crises: Environmental, social-ecological and evolutionary research is needed to avoid future risks of pandemics

Author

Destoumieux-Garzón, Delphine, Matthies-Wiesler, Franziska, Bierne, Nicolas, Binot, Aurélie, Boissier, Jérôme, Devouge, Anaïs, Garric, Jeanne, Gruetzmacher, Kim, Grunau, Christoph, Guégan, Jean-François, Hurtrez-Boussès, Sylvie, Huss, Anke, Morand, Serge, Palmer, Clare, Sarigiannis, Denis, Vermeulen, Roel, and Barouki, Robert

Published
2022
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22. Seasonal patterns of Buruli ulcer incidence, Central Africa, 2002-2012

Author

Landier, Jordi, de Magny, Guillaume Constantin, Garchitorena, Andres, Guegan, Jean-Francois, Gaudart, Jean, Marsollier, Laurent, Gall, Philippe Le, Giles-Vernick, Tamara, Eyangoh, Sara, Fontanet, Arnaud, and Texier, Gaetan

Subjects
Medical research, Medicine, Experimental, Buruli ulcer -- Environmental aspects -- Distribution, Medical climatology, Disease susceptibility, Health
Abstract

Buruli ulcer (BU) is a severe infection caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans. Most affected are rural populations living in tropical areas with abundant wetlands (1). BU causes extensive, damaging skin lesions [...]

Published
2015
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33. Links between climate, malaria, and wetlands in the Amazon Basin

Author

Olson, Sarah H., Gangnon, Ronald, Elguero, Eric, Durieux, Laurent, Guegan, Jean-Francois, Foley, Jonathan A., and Patz, Jonathan A.

Subjects
Rain and rainfall -- Analysis, Global temperature changes -- Analysis, Health -- Analysis, Malaria -- Analysis, Watershed management -- Analysis, Ecosystems -- Analysis
Abstract

Global models of malaria can be used to forecast the impact of climate change on malaria, a highly climate-sensitive disease that causes >1 million deaths worldwide each year, mostly in [...]

Published
2009

38. Forêts tropicales, changements d’usage des sols et risques infectieux émergents

Author

Guegan, Jean-Francois, De Thoisy, Benoit, Ayouba, Ahidjo, Cappelle, Julien, Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire des Interactions Virus-Hôtes [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses (TransVIHMI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Universtié Yaoundé 1 [Cameroun]-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), J-FG et BdT ont bénéficié de financements issus de l’initiative « Investissement d’Avenir », gérés par l’Agence nationale de la recherche (CEBA, référence ANR-10-LABX-2501). J-FG et AA remercient l’Institut de la Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Bdt l’Institut Pasteur de la Guyane, et JC le Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (Cirad)., Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et les maladies infectieuses endémiques er émergentes (TransVIHMI), and Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Yaoundé I-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)

Subjects
Conservation of Natural Resources, risque infectieux, emerging infections diseases, MESH: Agriculture, MESH: Global Health, Forests, Global Health, Communicable Diseases, Emerging, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Animals, Humans, infections disease risk, Forêts intertropicales, MESH: Forests, MESH: Animals, Changements globaux, global change, tropical forests, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, MESH: Communicable Diseases, Emerging, MESH: Humans, Agriculture, Maladies infectieuses émergentes, Changements d’usages des sols, MESH: Conservation of Natural Resources, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, land-use changes
Abstract

International audience; Tropical forests have the greatest biodiversity in macroorganisms on the planet, and they are also the richest in myriads of microorganisms for which so little is known today. Over the last 50 years, many of these microbial forms, that are naturally embedded into wildlife or the environment, e.g. soil, water, have revealed to be more or less dangerous pathogens for people exposed to these new natural threats, i.e. emerging infectious diseases. Here, we discuss about the extraordinary diversity of microorganisms that are present in tropical rainforests. We first present the main global distribution patterns for microbial forms at the interface between tropical wildlife and human, and second we provide an epidemiological picture on how microbial transmission from wild animals or the environment to people operates in tropical areas through four case-studies. We examine the animal hosts or environment, and transmission mechanisms involved in spillover of zoonotic or environmentally-persistent microbes, and identify land-use changes through deforestation for the development of agriculture, and contacts with wildlife notably through bush meat hunting as major drivers that facilitate mixing of diverse animal hosts and their microbial communities with human during practices. With an increase of deforestation in the tropics and more contacts between wildlife and people, new emerging disease events with high epidemic and pandemic potential will happen, that should guide new health policies and strategies at the global scale.; Les forêts intertropicales constituent une source exceptionnelle de diversité biologique spécifique en macroorganismes, mais elles se révèlent être aussi de véritables pépinières en microorganismes. Ces 50 dernières années, certains de ces microorganismes, à l’origine présents chez des animaux forestiers ou hébergés dans l’environnement comme le sol ou l’eau, se sont dévoilés être des agents pathogènes plus ou moins sévères pour les populations humaines exposées. Dans cet article, nous discutons des interactions hôtes-microorganismes rencontrées dans les forêts primaires en les abordant tant d’un angle macroécologique que d’un point de vue plus fonctionnel, en l’illustrant de quatre exemples d’agents microbiens émergents. Plus que tout autre déterminant, les modifications d’usages des sols, notamment au travers de la déforestation pour le développement d’une agriculture, et les contacts avec les micro-organismes via la biodiversité, particulièrement lors de la pratique de chasse, exposent des individus susceptibles à ces nouveaux dangers microbiens. Avec la déforestation et des expositions croissantes avec la faune sauvage, le risque de nouvelles infections humaines devient une réalité internationale exigeant de la part des autorités publiques de mieux prendre en considération ces éléments pour la sécurité sanitaire mondiale.

Published
2018

41. A novel framework to account for ecological drivers in the control and elimination of environmentally transmitted disease: a modelling study

Author

De Leo, Giulio A, Sokolow, Susanne H, Garchitorena, Andres, Ngonghala, Calistus N, Lund, Andrea, Barry, Michele, Burke, Katherine S, Mordecai, Erin A, Daily, Gretchen C, Jones, James H, Andrews, Jason R, Bendavid, Eran, Luby, Stephen P, LaBeaud, A Desiree, Seetah, Krish, Guégan, Jean-François, Lafferty, Kevin, Wood, Chelsea L, Jones, Isabel J, and Bonds, Matthew H

Published
2017
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46. Global and local environmental changes as drivers of Buruli ulcer emergence

Author

Combe, Marine, Velvin, Camilla Jensen, Morris, Aaron, Garchitorena, Andres, Carolan, Kevin, Sanhueza, Daniel, Roche, Benjamin, Couppié, Pierre, Guégan, Jean-François, and Gozlan, Rodolphe Elie

Subjects
aquatic ecosystem, climate, generalist pathogen, tropical
Abstract

Many emerging infectious diseases are caused by generalist pathogens that infect and transmit via multiple host species with multiple dissemination routes, thus confounding the understanding of pathogen transmission pathways from wildlife reservoirs to humans. The emergence of these pathogens in human populations has frequently been associated with global changes, such as socio-economic, climate or biodiversity modifications, by allowing generalist pathogens to invade and persist in new ecological niches, infect new host species, and thus change the nature of transmission pathways. Using the case of Buruli ulcer disease, we review how land-use changes, climatic patterns and biodiversity alterations contribute to disease emergence in many parts of the world. Here we clearly show that Mycobacterium ulcerans is an environmental pathogen characterized by multi-host transmission dynamics and that its infectious pathways to humans rely on the local effects of global environmental changes. We show that the interplay between habitat changes (for example, deforestation and agricultural land-use changes) and climatic patterns (for example, rainfall events), applied in a local context, can lead to abiotic environmental changes and functional changes in local biodiversity that favor the pathogen's prevalence in the environment and may explain disease emergence.

Published
2017
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