126 results on '"Gudrun Weinmayr"'
Search Results
2. Long-term air pollution exposure and Parkinson’s disease mortality in a large pooled European cohort: An ELAPSE study
- Author
-
Thomas Cole-Hunter, Jiawei Zhang, Rina So, Evangelia Samoli, Shuo Liu, Jie Chen, Maciej Strak, Kathrin Wolf, Gudrun Weinmayr, Sophia Rodopolou, Elizabeth Remfry, Kees de Hoogh, Tom Bellander, Jørgen Brandt, Hans Concin, Emanuel Zitt, Daniela Fecht, Francesco Forastiere, John Gulliver, Barbara Hoffmann, Ulla A. Hvidtfeldt, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, Laust H. Mortensen, Matthias Ketzel, Diego Yacamán Méndez, Karin Leander, Petter Ljungman, Elodie Faure, Pei-Chen Lee, Alexis Elbaz, Patrik K.E. Magnusson, Gabriele Nagel, Göran Pershagen, Annette Peters, Debora Rizzuto, Roel C.H. Vermeulen, Sara Schramm, Massimo Stafoggia, Klea Katsouyanni, Bert Brunekreef, Gerard Hoek, Youn-Hee Lim, and Zorana J. Andersen
- Subjects
Air pollution ,Adults ,Parkinson’s Disease ,Long-term exposure ,Low-level exposure ,Pooled-cohort study ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Background: The link between exposure to ambient air pollution and mortality from cardiorespiratory diseases is well established, while evidence on neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson’s Disease (PD) remains limited. Objective: We examined the association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and PD mortality in seven European cohorts. Methods: Within the project ‘Effects of Low-Level Air Pollution: A Study in Europe’ (ELAPSE), we pooled data from seven cohorts among six European countries. Annual mean residential concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), black carbon (BC), and ozone (O3), as well as 8 PM2.5 components (copper, iron, potassium, nickel, sulphur, silicon, vanadium, zinc), for 2010 were estimated using Europe-wide hybrid land use regression models. PD mortality was defined as underlying cause of death being either PD, secondary Parkinsonism, or dementia in PD. We applied Cox proportional hazard models to investigate the associations between air pollution and PD mortality, adjusting for potential confounders. Results: Of 271,720 cohort participants, 381 died from PD during 19.7 years of follow-up. In single-pollutant analyses, we observed positive associations between PD mortality and PM2.5 (hazard ratio per 5 µg/m3: 1.25; 95% confidence interval: 1.01–1.55), NO2 (1.13; 0.95–1.34 per 10 µg/m3), and BC (1.12; 0.94–1.34 per 0.5 × 10-5m-1), and a negative association with O3 (0.74; 0.58–0.94 per 10 µg/m3). Associations of PM2.5, NO2, and BC with PD mortality were linear without apparent lower thresholds. In two-pollutant models, associations with PM2.5 remained robust when adjusted for NO2 (1.24; 0.95–1.62) or BC (1.28; 0.96–1.71), whereas associations with NO2 or BC attenuated to null. O3 associations remained negative, but no longer statistically significant in models with PM2.5. We detected suggestive positive associations with the potassium component of PM2.5. Conclusion: Long-term exposure to PM2.5, at levels well below current EU air pollution limit values, may contribute to PD mortality.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Long-term exposure to air pollution and mortality from dementia, psychiatric disorders, and suicide in a large pooled European cohort: ELAPSE study
- Author
-
Zorana J. Andersen, Jiawei Zhang, Jeanette T. Jørgensen, Evangelia Samoli, Shuo Liu, Jie Chen, Maciej Strak, Kathrin Wolf, Gudrun Weinmayr, Sophia Rodopolou, Elizabeth Remfry, Kees de Hoogh, Tom Bellander, Jørgen Brandt, Hans Concin, Emanuel Zitt, Daniela Fecht, Francesco Forastiere, John Gulliver, Barbara Hoffmann, Ulla A. Hvidtfeldt, W.M. Monique Verschuren, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, Rina So, Tom Cole-Hunter, Amar J. Mehta, Laust H. Mortensen, Matthias Ketzel, Anton Lager, Karin Leander, Petter Ljungman, Gianluca Severi, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Patrik K.E. Magnusson, Gabriele Nagel, Göran Pershagen, Annette Peters, Debora Rizzuto, Yvonne T. van der Schouw, Sara Schramm, Massimo Stafoggia, Klea Katsouyanni, Bert Brunekreef, Gerard Hoek, and Youn-Hee Lim
- Subjects
Air pollution ,Dementia ,Long-term exposure ,Mortality ,Psychiatric disorders ,Suicide ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Ambient air pollution is an established risk factor for premature mortality from chronic cardiovascular, respiratory and metabolic diseases, while evidence on neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders remains limited. We examined the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and mortality from dementia, psychiatric disorders, and suicide in seven European cohorts. Within the multicenter project ‘Effects of Low-Level Air Pollution: A Study in Europe’ (ELAPSE), we pooled data from seven European cohorts from six countries. Based on the residential addresses, annual mean levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), black carbon (BC), ozone (O3), and 8 PM2.5 components were estimated using Europe-wide hybrid land-use regression models. We applied stratified Cox proportional hazard models to investigate the associations between air pollution and mortality from dementia, psychiatric disorders, and suicide. Of 271,720 participants, 900 died from dementia, 241 from psychiatric disorders, and 164 from suicide, during a mean follow-up of 19.7 years. In fully adjusted models, we observed positive associations of NO2 (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.38; 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.13, 1.70 per 10 µg/m3), PM2.5 (HR = 1.29; 95 % CI: 0.98, 1.71 per 5 µg/m3), and BC (HR = 1.37; 95 % CI: 1.11, 1.69 per 0.5 × 10−5/m) with psychiatric disorders mortality, as well as with suicide (NO2: HR = 1.13 [95 % CI: 0.92, 1.38]; PM2.5: HR = 1.19 [95 % CI: 0.76, 1.87]; BC: HR = 1.08 [95 % CI: 0.87, 1.35]), and no association with dementia mortality. We did not detect any positive associations of O3 and 8 PM2.5 components with any of the three mortality outcomes. Long-term exposure to NO2, PM2.5, and BC may lead to premature mortality from psychiatric disorders and suicide.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. A health-based long term vision to face air pollution and climate change
- Author
-
Gudrun Weinmayr and Francesco Forastiere
- Subjects
air pollution ,climate change ,prevention ,systems thinking ,coproduction ,climate change mitigation ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Exposure to surrounding greenness and natural-cause and cause-specific mortality in the ELAPSE pooled cohort
- Author
-
Ainhoa Bereziartua, Jie Chen, Kees de Hoogh, Sophia Rodopoulou, Zorana J. Andersen, Tom Bellander, Jørgen Brandt, Daniela Fecht, Francesco Forastiere, John Gulliver, Ole Hertel, Barbara Hoffmann, Ulla Arthur Hvidtfeldt, W.M.Monique Verschuren, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, Jeanette T Jørgensen, Klea Katsouyanni, Matthias Ketzel, Norun Hjertager Krog, Boel Brynedal, Karin Leander, Shuo Liu, Petter Ljungman, Elodie Faure, Patrik K.E. Magnusson, Gabriele Nagel, Göran Pershagen, Annette Peters, Ole Raaschou-Nielsen, Matteo Renzi, Debora Rizzuto, Evangelia Samoli, Yvonne T. van der Schouw, Sara Schramm, Gianluca Severi, Massimo Stafoggia, Maciej Strak, Mette Sørensen, Anne Tjønneland, Gudrun Weinmayr, Kathrin Wolf, Emanuel Zitt, Bert Brunekreef, and Gerard Hoek
- Subjects
Green space ,Mortality ,Air Pollution ,Traffic Noise ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Background: The majority of studies have shown higher greenness exposure associated with reduced mortality risks, but few controlled for spatially correlated air pollution and traffic noise exposures. We aim to address this research gap in the ELAPSE pooled cohort. Methods: Mean Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in a 300-m grid cell and 1-km radius were assigned to participants’ baseline home addresses as a measure of surrounding greenness exposure. We used Cox proportional hazards models to estimate the association of NDVI exposure with natural-cause and cause-specific mortality, adjusting for a number of potential confounders including socioeconomic status and lifestyle factors at individual and area-levels. We further assessed the associations between greenness exposure and mortality after adjusting for fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and road traffic noise. Results: The pooled study population comprised 327,388 individuals who experienced 47,179 natural-cause deaths during 6,374,370 person-years of follow-up. The mean NDVI in the pooled cohort was 0.33 (SD 0.1) and 0.34 (SD 0.1) in the 300-m grid and 1-km buffer. In the main fully adjusted model, 0.1 unit increment of NDVI inside 300-m grid was associated with 5% lower risk of natural-cause mortality (Hazard Ratio (HR) 0.95 (95% CI: 0.94, 0.96)). The associations attenuated after adjustment for air pollution [HR (95% CI): 0.97 (0.96, 0.98) adjusted for PM2.5; 0.98 (0.96, 0.99) adjusted for NO2]. Additional adjustment for traffic noise hardly affected the associations. Consistent results were observed for NDVI within 1-km buffer. After adjustment for air pollution, NDVI was inversely associated with diabetes, respiratory and lung cancer mortality, yet with wider 95% confidence intervals. No association with cardiovascular mortality was found. Conclusions: We found a significant inverse association between surrounding greenness and natural-cause mortality, which remained after adjusting for spatially correlated air pollution and traffic noise.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Long-term effects of asthma medication on asthma symptoms: an application of the targeted maximum likelihood estimation
- Author
-
Carolin Veit, Ronald Herrera, Gudrun Weinmayr, Jon Genuneit, Doris Windstetter, Christian Vogelberg, Erika von Mutius, Dennis Nowak, Katja Radon, Jessica Gerlich, and Tobias Weinmann
- Subjects
Adolescents ,Asthma ,Children ,Control medication ,Marginal structural models ,Targeted-maximum likelihood estimation ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Abstract Background Long-term effectiveness of asthma control medication has been shown in clinical trials but results from observational studies with children and adolescents are lacking. Marginal structural models estimated using targeted maximum likelihood methods are a novel statistiscal approach for such studies as it allows to account for time-varying confounders and time-varying treatment. Therefore, we aimed to calculate the long-term risk of reporting asthma symptoms in relation to control medication use in a real-life setting from childhood to adulthood applying targeted maximum likelihood estimation. Methods In the prospective cohort study SOLAR (Study on Occupational Allergy Risks) we followed a German subsample of 121 asthmatic children (9–11 years old) of the ISAAC II cohort (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood) until the age of 19 to 24. We obtained self-reported questionnaire data on asthma control medication use at baseline (1995–1996) and first follow-up (2002–2003) as well as self-reported asthma symptoms at baseline, first and second follow-up (2007–2009). Three hypothetical treatment scenarios were defined: early sustained intervention, early unsustained intervention and no treatment at all. We performed longitudinal targeted maximum likelihood estimation combined with Super Learner algorithm to estimate the relative risk (RR) to report asthma symptoms at SOLAR I and SOLAR II in relation to the different hypothetical scenarios. Results A hypothetical intervention of early sustained treatment was associated with a statistically significant risk increment of asthma symptoms at second follow-up when compared to no treatment at all (RR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.19–1.83) or early unsustained intervention (RR:1.38, 95% CI: 1.11–1.65). Conclusions While we could confirm the tagerted maximum likelihood estimation to be a usable and robust statistical tool, we did not observe a beneficial effect of asthma control medication on asthma symptoms. Because of potential due to the small sample size, lack of data on disease severity and reverse causation our results should, however, be interpreted with caution.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Long-term exposure to low ambient air pollution concentrations and mortality among 28 million people: results from seven large European cohorts within the ELAPSE project
- Author
-
Massimo Stafoggia, PhD, Bente Oftedal, PhD, Jie Chen, PhD, Sophia Rodopoulou, PhD, Matteo Renzi, MSc, Richard W Atkinson, ProfPhD, Mariska Bauwelinck, MSc, Jochem O Klompmaker, PhD, Amar Mehta, PhD, Danielle Vienneau, PhD, Zorana J Andersen, PhD, Tom Bellander, ProfPhD, Jørgen Brandt, ProfPhD, Giulia Cesaroni, MSc, Kees de Hoogh, PhD, Daniela Fecht, PhD, John Gulliver, ProfPhD, Ole Hertel, ProfPhD, Barbara Hoffmann, ProfMD, Ulla A Hvidtfeldt, PhD, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, PhD, Jeanette T Jørgensen, PhD, Klea Katsouyanni, ProfPhD, Matthias Ketzel, ProfPhD, Doris Tove Kristoffersen, PhD, Anton Lager, PhD, Karin Leander, PhD, Shuo Liu, MPH, Petter L S Ljungman, PhD, Gabriele Nagel, ProfMD, Göran Pershagen, ProfPhD, Annette Peters, ProfPhD, Ole Raaschou-Nielsen, ProfPhD, Debora Rizzuto, PhD, Sara Schramm, MD, Per E Schwarze, PhD, Gianluca Severi, PhD, Torben Sigsgaard, Prof, Maciek Strak, PhD, Yvonne T van der Schouw, ProfPhD, Monique Verschuren, ProfPhD, Gudrun Weinmayr, PhD, Kathrin Wolf, PhD, Emanuel Zitt, MD, Evangelia Samoli, PhD, Francesco Forastiere, PhD, Bert Brunekreef, ProfPhD, Gerard Hoek, PhD, and Nicole A H Janssen, PhD
- Subjects
Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Summary: Background: Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution has been associated with premature mortality, but associations at concentrations lower than current annual limit values are uncertain. We analysed associations between low-level air pollution and mortality within the multicentre study Effects of Low-Level Air Pollution: A Study in Europe (ELAPSE). Methods: In this multicentre longitudinal study, we analysed seven population-based cohorts of adults (age ≥30 years) within ELAPSE, from Belgium, Denmark, England, the Netherlands, Norway, Rome (Italy), and Switzerland (enrolled in 2000–11; follow-up until 2011–17). Mortality registries were used to extract the underlying cause of death for deceased individuals. Annual average concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2·5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), black carbon, and tropospheric warm-season ozone (O3) from Europe-wide land use regression models at 100 m spatial resolution were assigned to baseline residential addresses. We applied cohort-specific Cox proportional hazard models with adjustment for area-level and individual-level covariates to evaluate associations with non-accidental mortality, as the main outcome, and with cardiovascular, non-malignant respiratory, and lung cancer mortality. Subset analyses of participants living at low pollutant concentrations (as per predefined values) and natural splines were used to investigate the concentration-response function. Cohort-specific effect estimates were pooled in a random-effects meta-analysis. Findings: We analysed 28 153 138 participants contributing 257 859 621 person-years of observation, during which 3 593 741 deaths from non-accidental causes occurred. We found significant positive associations between non-accidental mortality and PM2·5, NO2, and black carbon, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1·053 (95% CI 1·021–1·085) per 5 μg/m3 increment in PM2·5, 1·044 (1·019–1·069) per 10 μg/m3 NO2, and 1·039 (1·018–1·059) per 0·5 × 10−5/m black carbon. Associations with PM2·5, NO2, and black carbon were slightly weaker for cardiovascular mortality, similar for non-malignant respiratory mortality, and stronger for lung cancer mortality. Warm-season O3 was negatively associated with both non-accidental and cause-specific mortality. Associations were stronger at low concentrations: HRs for non-accidental mortality at concentrations lower than the WHO 2005 air quality guideline values for PM2·5 (10 μg/m3) and NO2 (40 μg/m3) were 1·078 (1·046–1·111) per 5 μg/m3 PM2·5 and 1·049 (1·024–1·075) per 10 μg/m3 NO2. Similarly, the association between black carbon and non-accidental mortality was highest at low concentrations, with a HR of 1·061 (1·032–1·092) for exposure lower than 1·5× 10−5/m, and 1·081 (0·966–1·210) for exposure lower than 1·0× 10−5/m. Interpretation: Long-term exposure to concentrations of PM2·5 and NO2 lower than current annual limit values was associated with non-accidental, cardiovascular, non-malignant respiratory, and lung cancer mortality in seven large European cohorts. Continuing research on the effects of low concentrations of air pollutants is expected to further inform the process of setting air quality standards in Europe and other global regions. Funding: Health Effects Institute.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Modeling multi-level survival data in multi-center epidemiological cohort studies: Applications from the ELAPSE project
- Author
-
Evangelia Samoli, Sophia Rodopoulou, Ulla A. Hvidtfeldt, Kathrin Wolf, Massimo Stafoggia, Bert Brunekreef, Maciej Strak, Jie Chen, Zorana J. Andersen, Richard Atkinson, Mariska Bauwelinck, Tom Bellander, Jørgen Brandt, Giulia Cesaroni, Francesco Forastiere, Daniela Fecht, John Gulliver, Ole Hertel, Barbara Hoffmann, Kees de Hoogh, Nicole A.H. Janssen, Matthias Ketzel, Jochem O. Klompmaker, Shuo Liu, Petter Ljungman, Gabriele Nagel, Bente Oftedal, Göran Pershagen, Annette Peters, Ole Raaschou-Nielsen, Matteo Renzi, Doris T. Kristoffersen, Gianluca Severi, Torben Sigsgaard, Danielle Vienneau, Gudrun Weinmayr, Gerard Hoek, and Klea Katsouyanni
- Subjects
Air pollution ,Cox model ,Frailty models ,Health effects ,Mixed models ,Multi-level analysis ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Background: We evaluated methods for the analysis of multi-level survival data using a pooled dataset of 14 cohorts participating in the ELAPSE project investigating associations between residential exposure to low levels of air pollution (PM2.5 and NO2) and health (natural-cause mortality and cerebrovascular, coronary and lung cancer incidence). Methods: We applied five approaches in a multivariable Cox model to account for the first level of clustering corresponding to cohort specification: (1) not accounting for the cohort or using (2) indicator variables, (3) strata, (4) a frailty term in frailty Cox models, (5) a random intercept under a mixed Cox, for cohort identification. We accounted for the second level of clustering due to common characteristics in the residential area by (1) a random intercept per small area or (2) applying variance correction. We assessed the stratified, frailty and mixed Cox approach through simulations under different scenarios for heterogeneity in the underlying hazards and the air pollution effects. Results: Effect estimates were stable under approaches used to adjust for cohort but substantially differed when no adjustment was applied. Further adjustment for the small area grouping increased the effect estimates’ standard errors. Simulations confirmed identical results between the stratified and frailty models. In ELAPSE we selected a stratified multivariable Cox model to account for between-cohort heterogeneity without adjustment for small area level, due to the small number of subjects and events in the latter. Conclusions: Our study supports the need to account for between-cohort heterogeneity in multi-center collaborations using pooled individual level data.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Long-term low-level ambient air pollution exposure and risk of lung cancer – A pooled analysis of 7 European cohorts
- Author
-
Ulla Arthur Hvidtfeldt, Gianluca Severi, Zorana Jovanovic Andersen, Richard Atkinson, Mariska Bauwelinck, Tom Bellander, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Jørgen Brandt, Bert Brunekreef, Giulia Cesaroni, Jie Chen, Hans Concin, Francesco Forastiere, Carla H. van Gils, John Gulliver, Ole Hertel, Gerard Hoek, Barbara Hoffmann, Kees de Hoogh, Nicole Janssen, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, Jeanette Therming Jørgensen, Klea Katsouyanni, Matthias Ketzel, Jochem O. Klompmaker, Norun Hjertager Krog, Alois Lang, Karin Leander, Shuo Liu, Petter L.S. Ljungman, Patrik K.E. Magnusson, Amar Jayant Mehta, Gabriele Nagel, Bente Oftedal, Göran Pershagen, Raphael Simon Peter, Annette Peters, Matteo Renzi, Debora Rizzuto, Sophia Rodopoulou, Evangelia Samoli, Per Everhard Schwarze, Torben Sigsgaard, Mette Kildevæld Simonsen, Massimo Stafoggia, Maciek Strak, Danielle Vienneau, Gudrun Weinmayr, Kathrin Wolf, Ole Raaschou-Nielsen, and Daniela Fecht
- Subjects
Air pollution ,Lung cancer incidence ,Particulate matter ,Dose response relationship ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Background/aim: Ambient air pollution has been associated with lung cancer, but the shape of the exposure-response function - especially at low exposure levels - is not well described. The aim of this study was to address the relationship between long-term low-level air pollution exposure and lung cancer incidence. Methods: The “Effects of Low-level Air Pollution: a Study in Europe” (ELAPSE) collaboration pools seven cohorts from across Europe. We developed hybrid models combining air pollution monitoring, land use data, satellite observations, and dispersion model estimates for nitrogen dioxide (NO2), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), black carbon (BC), and ozone (O3) to assign exposure to cohort participants’ residential addresses in 100 m by 100 m grids. We applied stratified Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for potential confounders (age, sex, calendar year, marital status, smoking, body mass index, employment status, and neighborhood-level socio-economic status). We fitted linear models, linear models in subsets, Shape-Constrained Health Impact Functions (SCHIF), and natural cubic spline models to assess the shape of the association between air pollution and lung cancer at concentrations below existing standards and guidelines. Results: The analyses included 307,550 cohort participants. During a mean follow-up of 18.1 years, 3956 incident lung cancer cases occurred. Median (Q1, Q3) annual (2010) exposure levels of NO2, PM2.5, BC and O3 (warm season) were 24.2 µg/m3 (19.5, 29.7), 15.4 µg/m3 (12.8, 17.3), 1.6 10−5m−1 (1.3, 1.8), and 86.6 µg/m3 (78.5, 92.9), respectively. We observed a higher risk for lung cancer with higher exposure to PM2.5 (HR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.23 per 5 µg/m3). This association was robust to adjustment for other pollutants. The SCHIF, spline and subset analyses suggested a linear or supra-linear association with no evidence of a threshold. In subset analyses, risk estimates were clearly elevated for the subset of subjects with exposure below the EU limit value of 25 µg/m3. We did not observe associations between NO2, BC or O3 and lung cancer incidence. Conclusions: Long-term ambient PM2.5 exposure is associated with lung cancer incidence even at concentrations below current EU limit values and possibly WHO Air Quality Guidelines.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Long-term exposure to low-level air pollution and incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: The ELAPSE project
- Author
-
Shuo Liu, Jeanette T. Jørgensen, Petter Ljungman, Göran Pershagen, Tom Bellander, Karin Leander, Patrik K.E. Magnusson, Debora Rizzuto, Ulla A. Hvidtfeldt, Ole Raaschou-Nielsen, Kathrin Wolf, Barbara Hoffmann, Bert Brunekreef, Maciej Strak, Jie Chen, Amar Mehta, Richard W. Atkinson, Mariska Bauwelinck, Raphaëlle Varraso, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Jørgen Brandt, Giulia Cesaroni, Francesco Forastiere, Daniela Fecht, John Gulliver, Ole Hertel, Kees de Hoogh, Nicole A.H. Janssen, Klea Katsouyanni, Matthias Ketzel, Jochem O. Klompmaker, Gabriele Nagel, Bente Oftedal, Annette Peters, Anne Tjønneland, Sophia P. Rodopoulou, Evangelia Samoli, Terese Bekkevold, Torben Sigsgaard, Massimo Stafoggia, Danielle Vienneau, Gudrun Weinmayr, Gerard Hoek, and Zorana J. Andersen
- Subjects
Air pollution ,COPD incidence ,Low-level exposure ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Background: Air pollution has been suggested as a risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but evidence is sparse and inconsistent. Objectives: We examined the association between long-term exposure to low-level air pollution and COPD incidence. Methods: Within the ‘Effects of Low-Level Air Pollution: A Study in Europe’ (ELAPSE) study, we pooled data from three cohorts, from Denmark and Sweden, with information on COPD hospital discharge diagnoses. Hybrid land use regression models were used to estimate annual mean concentrations of particulate matter with a diameter
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Nickel allergy is associated with wheezing and asthma in a cohort of young German adults: results from the SOLAR study
- Author
-
Laura Kolberg, Felix Forster, Jessica Gerlich, Gudrun Weinmayr, Jon Genuneit, Doris Windstetter, Christian Vogelberg, Erika von Mutius, Dennis Nowak, Hans Drexler, Torsten Schäfer, and Katja Radon
- Subjects
Medicine - Abstract
Background Nickel allergy is the most prevalent contact allergy. It belongs to a different hypersensitivity type to asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis. The aim of this analysis was to assess whether self-reported nickel allergy is associated with incident wheezing, asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis in young German adults, taking into account potential effect modification by sex. Methods In total, 2051 (70.6%) participants aged 19–24 years took part in the second phase of SOLAR (Study on Occupational Allergy Risks), a follow-up study of ISAAC II (the second phase of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood) in Germany. Self-reported nickel allergy, as well as having pierced ears, and the three outcomes incident wheezing, asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis, were analysed stratified for sex. Logistic regression adjusted for potential confounders was performed. Results An association between self-reported nickel allergy and incident wheezing was observed for men and women, while only in males did pierced ears show a significant association with the outcome (adjusted OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.10–4.62). Also only in males, self-reported nickel allergy was associated with elevated odds for incident asthma (adjusted OR 4.34, 95% CI 1.22–15.41). Neither in men nor in women was a significant association observed for incident rhinoconjunctivitis. Conclusion Our results suggest that self-reported nickel allergy is associated with incident wheezing. Whether this association is due to environmental or genetic predisposition, or due to an overlap of the mechanisms of type I and type IV hypersensitivity, needs to be elucidated.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Correction: Overweight/Obesity and Respiratory and Allergic Disease in Children: International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase Two.
- Author
-
Gudrun Weinmayr, Francesco Forastiere, Gisela Büchele, Andrea Jaensch, David P Strachan, Gabriele Nagel, and ISAAC Phase Two Study Group
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Overweight/obesity and respiratory and allergic disease in children: international study of asthma and allergies in childhood (ISAAC) phase two.
- Author
-
Gudrun Weinmayr, Francesco Forastiere, Gisela Büchele, Andrea Jaensch, David P Strachan, Gabriele Nagel, and ISAAC Phase Two Study Group
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Childhood obesity and asthma are increasing worldwide. A possible link between the two conditions has been postulated. METHODS: Cross-sectional studies of stratified random samples of 8-12-year-old children (n = 10 652) (16 centres in affluent and 8 centres in non-affluent countries) used the standardized methodology of ISAAC Phase Two. Respiratory and allergic symptoms were ascertained by parental questionnaires. Tests for allergic disease were performed. Height and weight were measured, and overweight and obesity were defined according to international definitions. Prevalence rates and prevalence odds ratios were calculated. RESULTS: Overweight (odds ratio = 1.14, 95%-confidence interval: 0.98; 1.33) and obesity (odds ratio = 1.67, 95%-confidence interval: 1.25; 2.21) were related to wheeze. The relationship was stronger in affluent than in non-affluent centres. Similar results were found for cough and phlegm, rhinitis and eczema but the associations were mostly driven by children with wheeze. There was a clear association of overweight and obesity with airways obstruction (change in FEV1/FVC, -0.90, 95%-confidence interval: -1.33%; -0.47%, for overweight and -2.46%, 95%-confidence interval: -3.84%; -1.07%, for obesity) whereas the results for the other objective markers, including atopy, were null. CONCLUSIONS: Our data from a large international child population confirm that there is a strong relation of body mass index with wheeze especially in affluent countries. Moreover, body mass index is associated with an objective marker of airways obstruction (FEV1/FVC) but no other objective markers of respiratory and allergic disorders.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Barriers and Enablers for Integrating Public Health Cobenefits in Urban Climate Policy
- Author
-
Maya Negev, Leonardo Zea-Reyes, Livio Caputo, Gudrun Weinmayr, Clive Potter, and Audrey de Nazelle
- Subjects
Policy ,Climate ,Climate Change ,Urban Health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Humans ,Public Health ,General Medicine - Abstract
Urban climate policy offers a significant opportunity to promote improved public health. The evidence around climate and health cobenefits is growing but has yet to translate into widespread integrated policies. This article presents two systematic reviews: first, looking at quantified cobenefits of urban climate policies, where transportation, land use, and buildings emerge as the most studied sectors; and second, looking at review papers exploring the barriers and enablers for integrating these health cobenefits into urban policies. The latter reveals wide agreement concerning the need to improve the evidence base for cobenefits and consensus about the need for greater political will and leadership on this issue. Systems thinking may offer a way forward to help embrace complexity and integrate health cobenefits into decision making. Knowledge coproduction to bring stakeholders together and advance policy-relevant research for urban health will also be required. Action is needed to bring these two important policy agendas together.
- Published
- 2022
15. Corrigendum to ‘Exposure to ambient air pollution and elevated blood levels of gammaglutamyl transferase in a large Austrian cohort’ [Sci. Total Environ.883 (2023) 163658]
- Author
-
Jan Wirsching, Gabriele Nagel, Ming-Yi Tsai, Kees de Hoogh, Andrea Jaensch, Bernhard Anwander, Ranjeet S. Sokhi, Hanno Ulmer, Emanuel Zitt, Hans Concin, Bert Brunekreef, Gerard Hoek, and Gudrun Weinmayr
- Subjects
Environmental Engineering ,Environmental Chemistry ,Pollution ,Waste Management and Disposal - Published
- 2023
16. Mortality and Morbidity Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Low-Level PM, BC, NO, and O: An Analysis of European Cohorts in the ELAPSE Project
- Author
-
Bert, Brunekreef, Maciej, Strak, Jie, Chen, Zorana, J Andersen, Richard, Atkinson, Mariska, Bauwelinck, Tom, Bellander, Marie-Christine, Boutron, Jørgen, Brandt, Iain, Carey, Giulia, Cesaroni, Francesco, Forastiere, Daniela, Fecht, John, Gulliver, Ole, Hertel, Barbara, Hoffmann, Kees, de Hoogh, Danny, Houthuijs, Ulla, Hvidtfeldt, Nicole, Janssen, Jeanette, Jørgensen, Klea, Katsouyanni, Matthias, Ketzel, Jochem, Klompmaker, Norun, Hjertager Krog, Shuo, Liu, Petter, Ljungman, Amar, Mehta, Gabriele, Nagel, Bente, Oftedal, Göran, Pershagen, Annette, Peters, Ole, Raaschou-Nielsen, Matteo, Renzi, Sophia, Rodopoulou, Evi, Samoli, Per, Schwarze, Torben, Sigsgaard, Massimo, Stafoggia, Danielle, Vienneau, Gudrun, Weinmayr, Kathrin, Wolf, and Gerard, Hoek
- Abstract
Epidemiological cohort studies have consistently found associations between long-term exposure to outdoor air pollution and a range of morbidity and mortality endpoints. Recent evaluations by the World Health Organization and the Global Burden of Disease study have suggested that these associations may be nonlinear and may persist at very low concentrations. Studies conducted in North America in particular have suggested that associations with mortality persisted at concentrations of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) well below current air quality standards and guidelines. The uncertainty about the shape of the concentration-response function at the low end of the concentration distribution, related to the scarcity of observations in the lowest range, was the basis of the current project. Previous studies have focused on PM2.5, but increasingly associations with nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are being reported, particularly in studies that accounted for the fine spatial scale variation of NO2. Very few studies have evaluated the effects of long-term exposure to low concentrations of ozone (O3). Health effects of black carbon (BC), representing primary combustion particles, have not been studied in most large cohort studies of PM2.5. Cohort studies assessing health effects of particle composition, including elements from nontailpipe traffic emissions (iron, copper, and zinc) and secondary aerosol (sulfur) have been few in number and reported inconsistent results.
- Published
- 2022
17. Long term exposure to air pollution and kidney parenchyma cancer – Effects of Low-level Air Pollution: a Study in Europe (ELAPSE)
- Author
-
Ulla Hvidtfeldt, Jie Chen, Maciej Strak, Zorana Andersen, Tom Bellander, Jørgen Brandt, Daniela Fecht, Ole Hertel, Jeanette Jørgensen, Matthias Ketzel, Karin Leander, Petter Ljungman, Gabriele Nagel, Göran Pershagen, Klea Katsouyanni, Gudrun Weinmayr, Kathrin Wolf, Emanuel Zitt, Debora Rizzuto, Bert Brunekreef, Gerard Hoek, and Ole Raaschou-Nielsen
- Subjects
General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,General Environmental Science - Published
- 2022
18. Association of air pollution with incidence of end stage renal disease in two European cohorts and effect modification by chronic conditions
- Author
-
Giulia Cesaroni, Matteo Renzi, Andrea Jaensch, Claudia Marino, Pietro Manuel Ferraro, Emmanuel Zitt, Kees de Hoogh, Massimo Stafoggia, Bert Brunekreef, Gabriele Nagel, and Gudrun Weinmayr
- Subjects
General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,General Environmental Science - Published
- 2022
19. Association of PM 2.5 components with the incidence of end-stage kidney disease in two large European cohorts
- Author
-
Gudrun Weinmayr, Matteo Renzi, Andrea Jaensch, Claudia Marino, Pietro Manuel Ferraro, Emanuel Zitt, Kees de Hoogh, Massimo Stafoggia, Gerard Hoek, Gabriele Nagel, and Giulia Cesaroni
- Subjects
General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,General Environmental Science - Published
- 2022
20. Long-term exposure to source-specific fine particles and mortality – a pooled analysis of 14 European cohorts within the ELAPSE project
- Author
-
Jie Chen, Gerard Hoek, Kees de Hoogh, Zorana Andersen, Tom Bellander, Barbara Hoffmann, Petter Ljungman, Ole Raaschou-Nielsen, Evangelia Samoli, Massimo Stafoggia, Maciej Strak, Gudrun Weinmayr, Kathrin Wolf, Bert Brunekreef, and George Thurston
- Subjects
General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,General Environmental Science - Published
- 2022
21. Exposure to ambient air pollution and elevated blood levels of gamma-glutamyl transferase in a large Austrian cohort
- Author
-
Jan Wirsching, Gabriele Nagel, Ming-Yi Tsai, Kees de Hoogh, Andrea Jaensch, Bernhard Anwander, Ranjeet S. Sokhi, Hanno Ulmer, Emanuel Zitt, Hans Concin, Bert Brunekreef, Gerard Hoek, and Gudrun Weinmayr
- Subjects
Environmental Engineering ,Environmental Chemistry ,Pollution ,Waste Management and Disposal - Published
- 2023
22. Long-term Air Pollution Exposure and Pneumonia-related Mortality in a Large Pooled European Cohort
- Author
-
Shuo Liu, Youn-Hee Lim, Jie Chen, Maciek Strak, Kathrin Wolf, Gudrun Weinmayr, Sophia Rodopolou, Kees de Hoogh, Tom Bellander, Jørgen Brandt, Hans Concin, Emanuel Zitt, Daniela Fecht, Francesco Forastiere, John Gulliver, Ole Hertel, Barbara Hoffmann, Ulla A. Hvidtfeldt, W. M. Monique Verschuren, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, Jeanette T. Jørgensen, Rina So, Heresh Amini, Thomas Cole-Hunter, Amar J. Mehta, Laust H. Mortensen, Matthias Ketzel, Anton Lager, Karin Leander, Petter Ljungman, Gianluca Severi, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Patrik K. E. Magnusson, Gabriele Nagel, Göran Pershagen, Annette Peters, Ole Raaschou-Nielsen, Debora Rizzuto, Yvonne T. van der Schouw, Sara Schramm, Mette Sørensen, Massimo Stafoggia, Anne Tjønneland, Klea Katsouyanni, Wei Huang, Evangelia Samoli, Bert Brunekreef, Gerard Hoek, Zorana J. Andersen, and Health effects Institute
- Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Adult ,Air Pollutants ,long-term exposure ,Respiratory System ,Nitrogen Dioxide ,air pollution ,Medizin ,Environmental Exposure ,Pneumonia ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,respiratory infections ,Air Pollution ,Influenza, Human ,adults ,Humans ,Particulate Matter ,11 Medical and Health Sciences - Abstract
Rationale: Ambient air pollution exposure has been linked to mortality from chronic cardiorespiratory diseases, while evidence on respiratory infections remains more limited. Objectives: We examined the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and pneumonia-related mortality in adults in a pool of eight European cohorts. Methods: Within the multicenter project ELAPSE (Effects of Low-Level Air Pollution: A Study in Europe), we pooled data from eight cohorts among six European countries. Annual mean residential concentrations in 2010 for fine particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), black carbon (BC), and ozone were estimated using Europe-wide hybrid land-use regression models. We applied stratified Cox proportional hazard models to investigate the associations between air pollution and pneumonia, influenza, and acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) mortality. Measurements and Main Results: Of 325,367 participants, 712 died from pneumonia and influenza combined, 682 from pneumonia, and 695 from ALRI during a mean follow-up of 19.5 years. NO2 and BC were associated with 10–12% increases in pneumonia and influenza combined mortality, but 95% confidence intervals included unity (hazard ratios, 1.12 [0.99–1.26] per 10 μg/m3 for NO2; 1.10 [0.97–1.24] per 0.5 1025m21 for BC). Associations with pneumonia and ALRI mortality were almost identical. We detected effect modification suggesting stronger associations with NO2 or BC in overweight, employed, or currently smoking participants compared with normal weight, unemployed, or nonsmoking participants. Conclusions: Long-term exposure to combustion-related air pollutants NO2 and BC may be associated with mortality from lower respiratory infections, but larger studies are needed to estimate these associations more precisely.
- Published
- 2022
23. Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and bladder cancer incidence in a pooled European cohort: the ELAPSE project
- Author
-
Jie Chen, Sophia Rodopoulou, Maciej Strak, Kees de Hoogh, Tahir Taj, Aslak Harbo Poulsen, Zorana J. Andersen, Tom Bellander, Jørgen Brandt, Emanuel Zitt, Daniela Fecht, Francesco Forastiere, John Gulliver, Ole Hertel, Barbara Hoffmann, Ulla Arthur Hvidtfeldt, W. M. Monique Verschuren, Jeanette T. Jørgensen, Klea Katsouyanni, Matthias Ketzel, Anton Lager, Karin Leander, Shuo Liu, Petter Ljungman, Gianluca Severi, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Patrik K. E. Magnusson, Gabriele Nagel, Göran Pershagen, Annette Peters, Debora Rizzuto, Yvonne T. van der Schouw, Evangelia Samoli, Mette Sørensen, Massimo Stafoggia, Anne Tjønneland, Gudrun Weinmayr, Kathrin Wolf, Bert Brunekreef, Ole Raaschou-Nielsen, Gerard Hoek, and Health effects Institute
- Subjects
Male ,Cancer Research ,Nitrogen Dioxide ,PROFILE ,NO2 ,complex mixtures ,Article ,1117 Public Health and Health Services ,Rare Diseases ,USE REGRESSION-MODELS ,Air Pollution ,Humans ,1112 Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,Oncology & Carcinogenesis ,POPULATION ,RISK ,Air Pollutants ,Science & Technology ,MORTALITY ,DIESEL ,Incidence ,COMPONENTS ,MEN ,Environmental Exposure ,CARCINOGENICITY ,Zinc ,Oncology ,Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ,Female ,Particulate Matter ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Abstract
Background: The evidence linking ambient air pollution to bladder cancer is limited and mixed. Methods: We assessed the associations of bladder cancer incidence with residential exposure to fine particles (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), black carbon (BC), warm season ozone (O3) and eight PM2.5 elemental components (copper, iron, potassium, nickel, sulfur, silicon, vanadium, and zinc) in a pooled cohort (N = 302,493). Exposures were primarily assessed based on 2010 measurements and back-extrapolated to the baseline years. We applied Cox proportional hazard models adjusting for individual- and area-level potential confounders. Results: During an average of 18.2 years follow-up, 967 bladder cancer cases occurred. We observed a positive though statistically non-significant association between PM2.5 and bladder cancer incidence. Hazard Ratios (HR) were 1.09 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.93–1.27) per 5 µg/m3 for 2010 exposure and 1.06 (95% CI: 0.99–1.14) for baseline exposure. Effect estimates for NO2, BC and O3 were close to unity. A positive association was observed with PM2.5 zinc (HR 1.08; 95% CI: 1.00–1.16 per 10 ng/m3). Conclusions: We found suggestive evidence of an association between long-term PM2.5 mass exposure and bladder cancer, strengthening the evidence from the few previous studies. The association with zinc in PM2.5 suggests the importance of industrial emissions.
- Published
- 2022
24. Nickel allergy is associated with wheezing and asthma in a cohort of young German adults: results from the SOLAR study
- Author
-
Torsten Schäfer, Doris Windstetter, Katja Radon, Jessica Gerlich, Felix Forster, Dennis Nowak, Jon Genuneit, Erika von Mutius, Gudrun Weinmayr, Laura Kolberg, Christian Vogelberg, and Hans Drexler
- Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Nickel allergy ,Allergy ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,Confounding ,lcsh:Medicine ,Original Articles ,medicine.disease ,Logistic regression ,Asthma ,Type IV hypersensitivity ,030207 dermatology & venereal diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,030228 respiratory system ,Cohort ,medicine ,Genetic predisposition ,business - Abstract
Background Nickel allergy is the most prevalent contact allergy. It belongs to a different hypersensitivity type to asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis. The aim of this analysis was to assess whether self-reported nickel allergy is associated with incident wheezing, asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis in young German adults, taking into account potential effect modification by sex. Methods In total, 2051 (70.6%) participants aged 19–24 years took part in the second phase of SOLAR (Study on Occupational Allergy Risks), a follow-up study of ISAAC II (the second phase of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood) in Germany. Self-reported nickel allergy, as well as having pierced ears, and the three outcomes incident wheezing, asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis, were analysed stratified for sex. Logistic regression adjusted for potential confounders was performed. Results An association between self-reported nickel allergy and incident wheezing was observed for men and women, while only in males did pierced ears show a significant association with the outcome (adjusted OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.10–4.62). Also only in males, self-reported nickel allergy was associated with elevated odds for incident asthma (adjusted OR 4.34, 95% CI 1.22–15.41). Neither in men nor in women was a significant association observed for incident rhinoconjunctivitis. Conclusion Our results suggest that self-reported nickel allergy is associated with incident wheezing. Whether this association is due to environmental or genetic predisposition, or due to an overlap of the mechanisms of type I and type IV hypersensitivity, needs to be elucidated., Self-reported nickel allergy is associated with incident wheezing in young German males and females, and with incident asthma in males, whereas no significant association was observed for self-reported nickel allergy and incident rhinoconjunctivitis http://bit.ly/2YHmwBA
- Published
- 2020
25. Long-term exposure to air pollution and mortality from dementia, psychiatric disorders, and suicide in a large pooled European cohort:ELAPSE study
- Author
-
Zorana J. Andersen, Jiawei Zhang, Jeanette T. Jørgensen, Evangelia Samoli, Shuo Liu, Jie Chen, Maciej Strak, Kathrin Wolf, Gudrun Weinmayr, Sophia Rodopolou, Elizabeth Remfry, Kees de Hoogh, Tom Bellander, Jørgen Brandt, Hans Concin, Emanuel Zitt, Daniela Fecht, Francesco Forastiere, John Gulliver, Barbara Hoffmann, Ulla A. Hvidtfeldt, W.M. Monique Verschuren, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, Rina So, Tom Cole-Hunter, Amar J. Mehta, Laust H. Mortensen, Matthias Ketzel, Anton Lager, Karin Leander, Petter Ljungman, Gianluca Severi, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Patrik K.E. Magnusson, Gabriele Nagel, Göran Pershagen, Annette Peters, Debora Rizzuto, Yvonne T. van der Schouw, Sara Schramm, Massimo Stafoggia, Klea Katsouyanni, Bert Brunekreef, Gerard Hoek, Youn-Hee Lim, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, NNF17OC0027812, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA: R-82811201, Health Effects Institute, HEI: 4954-RFA14-3/16-5-3, Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF, Karolinska Institutet, KI, Vetenskapsrådet, VR: 2017-00641, China Scholarship Council, CSC: 201806010406, Novo Nordisk Fonden, NNF, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Supported by the Health Effects Institute (No. 4954-RFA14-3/16-5-3), the Novo Nordisk Foundation Challenge Programme (No. NNF17OC0027812), and scholarship from the China Scholarship Council (No. 201806010406). SALT and TwinGene are sub-studies of The Swedish Twin Registry (STR), which is managed by Karolinska Institutet and receives additional funding through the Swedish Research Council (No. 2017-00641). The KORA study was initiated and financed by the Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental Health, which is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) and by the State of Bavaria. The China Scholarship Council, China, the Novo Nordisk Foundation, Denmark, the Swedish Research Council, Sweden, the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, and the State of Bavaria were not involved in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript., The research described in this article was conducted under contract to the Health Effects Institute (HEI), an organization jointly funded by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (Assistance Award No. R-82811201) and certain motor vehicle and engine manufacturers. The contents of this article do not necessarily reflect the views of HEI, or its sponsors, nor do they necessarily reflect the views and policies of the EPA or motor vehicle and engine manufacturers. HEI has reviewed and approved the study design. HEI was not involved in data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The authors would also like to thank all participants in the pooled cohort studies and the respective study teams of the ELAPSE project for their hard work and effort. We thank Marjan Tewis for the data management tasks in creating the pooled cohort database., and HAL UVSQ, Équipe
- Subjects
Air Pollution ,Dementia ,Long-term Exposure ,Mortality ,Psychiatric Disorders ,Suicide ,[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio] ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Long-term exposure ,Air pollution ,Medizin ,Psychiatric disorders ,Air pollution Dementia Long-term exposure Mortality Psychiatric disorders Suicide ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Ambient air pollution is an established risk factor for premature mortality from chronic cardiovascular, respiratory and metabolic diseases, while evidence on neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders remains limited. We examined the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and mortality from dementia, psychiatric disorders, and suicide in seven European cohorts. Within the multicenter project ‘Effects of Low-Level Air Pollution: A Study in Europe’ (ELAPSE), we pooled data from seven European cohorts from six countries. Based on the residential addresses, annual mean levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), black carbon (BC), ozone (O3), and 8 PM2.5 components were estimated using Europe-wide hybrid land-use regression models. We applied stratified Cox proportional hazard models to investigate the associations between air pollution and mortality from dementia, psychiatric disorders, and suicide. Of 271,720 participants, 900 died from dementia, 241 from psychiatric disorders, and 164 from suicide, during a mean follow-up of 19.7 years. In fully adjusted models, we observed positive associations of NO2 (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.38; 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.13, 1.70 per 10 µg/m3), PM2.5 (HR = 1.29; 95 % CI: 0.98, 1.71 per 5 µg/m3), and BC (HR = 1.37; 95 % CI: 1.11, 1.69 per 0.5 × 10−5/m) with psychiatric disorders mortality, as well as with suicide (NO2: HR = 1.13 [95 % CI: 0.92, 1.38]; PM2.5: HR = 1.19 [95 % CI: 0.76, 1.87]; BC: HR = 1.08 [95 % CI: 0.87, 1.35]), and no association with dementia mortality. We did not detect any positive associations of O3 and 8 PM2.5 components with any of the three mortality outcomes. Long-term exposure to NO2, PM2.5, and BC may lead to premature mortality from psychiatric disorders and suicide.
- Published
- 2022
26. Long-term exposure to air pollution and liver cancer incidence in six European cohorts
- Author
-
Jeanette Therming Jørgensen, Alois Lang, Klea Katsouyanni, Massimo Stafoggia, Ulla Arthur Hvidtfeldt, Anton Lager, Matteo Renzi, Gerard Hoek, Anne Tjønneland, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Barbara Hoffmann, Ole Raaschou-Nielsen, Matthias Ketzel, Karin Leander, Hans Concin, Tom Bellander, Göran Pershagen, Nicole A.H. Janssen, Sophia Rodopoulou, John S. Gulliver, Raphael Simon Peter, Jochem O. Klompmaker, Evangelia Samoli, Gudrun Weinmayr, Mariska Bauwelinck, Youn-Hee Lim, Gabriele Nagel, Debora Rizzuto, Rina So, Bert Brunekreef, Amar Mehta, Torben Sigsgaard, Annette Peters, Giulia Cesaroni, Francesco Forastiere, Shuo Liu, Zorana Jovanovic Andersen, Patrik K. E. Magnusson, Petter Ljungman, Jie Chen, Maciej Strak, Mette Kildevæld Simonsen, Richard Atkinson, Danielle Vienneau, Kathrin Wolf, Carla H. van Gils, Daniela Fecht, Kees de Hoogh, Rudi G. J. Westendorp, Gianluca Severi, Jørgen Brandt, Ole Hertel, Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences and Solvay Business School, and Sociology
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Cancer Research ,Liver cancer incidence ,PARTICIPATION ,air pollution ,Air pollution ,PM2.5 ,medicine.disease_cause ,PROFILE ,complex mixtures ,Liver disease ,USE REGRESSION-MODELS ,Environmental health ,HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA ,medicine ,cohort study ,Humans ,1112 Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,particulate matter ,Oncology & Carcinogenesis ,Particle Size ,Lung cancer ,liver cancer incidence ,POPULATION ,Proportional Hazards Models ,RISK ,Air Pollutants ,Science & Technology ,business.industry ,Proportional hazards model ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Incidence ,Hazard ratio ,Liver Neoplasms ,Cancer ,MEN ,Environmental Exposure ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,PREVALENCE ,Europe ,Oncology ,Female ,Liver cancer ,business ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,LUNG - Abstract
Particulate matter air pollution and diesel engine exhaust have been classified as carcinogenic for lung cancer, yet few studies have explored associations with liver cancer. We used six European adult cohorts which were recruited between 1985 and 2005, pooled within the “Effects of low-level air pollution: A study in Europe” (ELAPSE) project, and followed for the incidence of liver cancer until 2011 to 2015. The annual average exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO 2), particulate matter with diameter 2.5), black carbon (BC), warm-season ozone (O 3), and eight elemental components of PM 2.5 (copper, iron, zinc, sulfur, nickel, vanadium, silicon, and potassium) were estimated by European-wide hybrid land-use regression models at participants' residential addresses. We analyzed the association between air pollution and liver cancer incidence by Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for potential confounders. Of 330 064 cancer-free adults at baseline, 512 developed liver cancer during a mean follow-up of 18.1 years. We observed positive linear associations between NO 2 (hazard ratio, 95% confidence interval: 1.17, 1.02-1.35 per 10 μg/m 3), PM 2.5 (1.12, 0.92-1.36 per 5 μg/m 3), and BC (1.15, 1.00-1.33 per 0.5 10 −5/m) and liver cancer incidence. Associations with NO 2 and BC persisted in two-pollutant models with PM 2.5. Most components of PM 2.5 were associated with the risk of liver cancer, with the strongest associations for sulfur and vanadium, which were robust to adjustment for PM 2.5 or NO 2. Our study suggests that ambient air pollution may increase the risk of liver cancer, even at concentrations below current EU standards.
- Published
- 2021
27. Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and bladder cancer incidence in a pooled European cohort: the ELAPSE project
- Author
-
Marie Christine Boutron, Kathrin Wolf, Jie Chen, Maciej Strak, Zorana Jovanovic Andersen, Ole Raaschou Nielsen, Evangelia Samoli, Barbara Hoffmann, Göran Pershagen, Gerard Hoek, Kees de Hoogh, Bert Brunekreef, Gudrun Weinmayr, and Sophia Rodopoulou
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Bladder cancer ,Ambient air pollution ,business.industry ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Environmental health ,Epidemiology ,Cohort ,medicine ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,medicine.disease ,business ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM: The epidemiological evidence on associations between ambient air pollution and bladder cancer is limited. We aimed to evaluate the associations between long-term exposure to amb...
- Published
- 2021
28. Long-term exposure to low-level air pollution and incidence of asthma: the ELAPSE project
- Author
-
Sophia Rodopoulou, Giulia Cesaroni, Jørgen Brandt, Torben Sigsgaard, Ole Raaschou-Nielsen, Doris Tove Kristoffersen, Petter Ljungman, Danielle Vienneau, Kathrin Wolf, Jeanette Therming Jørgensen, Gudrun Weinmayr, Shuo Liu, Zorana Jovanovic Andersen, Patrik K. E. Magnusson, Raphaëlle Varraso, Jie Chen, Maciej Strak, Karin Leander, Barbara Hoffmann, Francesco Forastiere, Matthias Ketzel, Anne Tjønneland, Evangelia Samoli, John S. Gulliver, Klea Katsouyanni, Debora Rizzuto, Gabriele Nagel, Bert Brunekreef, Bente Oftedal, Amar Mehta, Annette Peters, Göran Pershagen, Jochem O. Klompmaker, Massimo Stafoggia, Nicole A.H. Janssen, Ulla Arthur Hvidtfeldt, Mariska Bauwelinck, Richard Atkinson, Daniela Fecht, Kees de Hoogh, Ole Hertel, Tom Bellander, Gerard Hoek, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA: R-82811201 Health Effects Institute, HEI: 4954-RFA14-3/16-5-3 Karolinska Institutet, KI Vetenskapsrådet, VR: 2017-00641 China Scholarship Council, CSC: 201806010406, Support statement: This work is supported by the Health Effects Institute (4954-RFA14-3/16-5-3) and a grant from the China Scholarship Council (201806010406). SALT and TwinGene are substudies of The Swedish Twin Registry (STR) which is managed by Karolinska Institutet and receives additional funding through the Swedish Research Council under grant 2017-00641. Funding information for this article has been deposited with the Crossref Funder Registry., and Acknowledgements: Research described in this article was conducted under contract to the Health Effects Institute (HEI), an organisation jointly funded by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (assistance award number R-82811201) and certain motor vehicle and engine manufacturers. The contents of this article do not necessarily reflect the views of HEI, or its sponsors, nor do they necessarily reflect the views and policies of the EPA or the motor vehicle and engine manufacturers. The authors would also like to thank all participants in the CEANS, DCH and DNC cohort studies, and the respective study teams (the ELAPSE project) for their hard work and effort. Thanks to Niklas Andersson (Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden) for the work of harmonising complicated data on covariates between the four subcohorts in CEANS.
- Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Adult ,EUROPEAN COHORTS ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Respiratory System ,ADULT-ONSET ASTHMA ,Air pollution ,PM2.5 ,010501 environmental sciences ,NO2 ,medicine.disease_cause ,01 natural sciences ,DISEASE ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Environmental health ,Air Pollution ,medicine ,media_common.cataloged_instance ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,European union ,Child ,SCALE ,11 Medical and Health Sciences ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Asthma ,media_common ,Sweden ,Air Pollutants ,business.industry ,MORTALITY ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Incidence ,Hazard ratio ,Confounding ,Environmental Exposure ,GLOBAL BURDEN ,Particulates ,medicine.disease ,3. Good health ,Europe ,13. Climate action ,Cohort ,Particulate Matter ,HEALTH ,FOLLOW-UP ,business - Abstract
BackgroundLong-term exposure to ambient air pollution has been linked to childhood-onset asthma, although evidence is still insufficient. Within the multicentre project Effects of Low-Level Air Pollution: A Study in Europe (ELAPSE), we examined the associations of long-term exposures to particulate matter with a diameter 2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and black carbon (BC) with asthma incidence in adults.MethodsWe pooled data from three cohorts in Denmark and Sweden with information on asthma hospital diagnoses. The average concentrations of air pollutants in 2010 were modelled by hybrid land-use regression models at participants’ baseline residential addresses. Associations of air pollution exposures with asthma incidence were explored with Cox proportional hazard models, adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsOf 98 326 participants, 1965 developed asthma during a mean follow-up of 16.6 years. We observed associations in fully adjusted models with hazard ratios of 1.22 (95% CI 1.04–1.43) per 5 μg·m−3 for PM2.5, 1.17 (95% CI 1.10–1.25) per 10 µg·m−3 for NO2 and 1.15 (95% CI 1.08–1.23) per 0.5×10−5 m−1 for BC. Hazard ratios were larger in cohort subsets with exposure levels below the European Union and US limit values and possibly World Health Organization guidelines for PM2.5 and NO2. NO2 and BC estimates remained unchanged in two-pollutant models with PM2.5, whereas PM2.5 estimates were attenuated to unity. The concentration–response curves showed no evidence of a threshold.ConclusionsLong-term exposure to air pollution, especially from fossil fuel combustion sources such as motorised traffic, was associated with adult-onset asthma, even at levels below the current limit values.
- Published
- 2021
29. Older adults’ experiences of a physical activity and sedentary behaviour intervention: a nested qualitative study in the SITLESS multi-country randomised clinical trial
- Author
-
Ulrike John-Köhler, Gudrun Weinmayr, Emma McIntosh, Laura Coll-Planas, Manuela Deidda, Javier Jerez-Roig, Ilona Mc Mullan, Jason J Wilson, Paolo Caserotti, Katharina Wirth, Nicole E Blackburn, Marta Santiago, Maria Giné-Garriga, Dhayana Dallmeier, Mathias Skjødt, Sara Rodriguez-Garrido, Mark A. Tully, Sergi Blancafort, European Union (EU), and Horizon 2020
- Subjects
Aging ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Applied psychology ,Psychological intervention ,qualitative study ,Exercise referral schemes ,physical activity ,Context (language use) ,Northern Ireland ,Peer support ,behaviour change ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,ddc:150 ,Germany ,Intervention (counseling) ,sedentary behaviour ,Humans ,ddc:610 ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Exercise ,Qualitative Research ,Aged ,DDC 150 / Psychology ,Physical activity ,030503 health policy & services ,exercise referral schemes ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Behaviour change ,Sedentary behaviour ,Altern ,Focus group ,Social relation ,3. Good health ,Clinical trial ,Ageing ,Spain ,ageing ,Medicine ,Sedentary Behavior ,Qualitative study ,0305 other medical science ,Psychology ,DDC 610 / Medicine & health ,Qualitative research - Abstract
Background: The SITLESS programme comprises exercise referral schemes and self-management strategies and has been evaluated in a trial in Denmark, Spain, Germany and Northern Ireland. The aim of this qualitative study was to understand the implementation and contextual aspects of the intervention in relation to the mechanisms of impact and to explore the perceived effects. Methods: Qualitative methodologies were nested in the SITLESS trial including 71 individual interviews and 12 focus groups targeting intervention and control group participants from postintervention to 18-month follow-up in all intervention sites based on a semi-structured topic guide. Results: Overarching themes were identified under the framework categories of context, implementation, mechanisms of impact and perceived effects. The findings highlight the perceived barriers and facilitators to older adults’ engagement in exercise referral schemes. Social interaction and enjoyment through the group-based programmes are key components to promote adherence and encourage the maintenance of targeted behaviours through peer support and connectedness. Exit strategies and signposting to relevant classes and facilities enabled the maintenance of positive lifestyle behaviours. Conclusions: When designing and implementing interventions, key components enhancing social interaction, enjoyment and continuity should be in place in order to successfully promote sustained behaviour change., publishedVersion
- Published
- 2021
30. Work-related stress and incident asthma and rhinitis: results from the SOLAR study
- Author
-
Erika von Mutius, Jessica Gerlich, Gudrun Weinmayr, Dennis Nowak, Doris Windstetter, Wolff Schlotz, Christian Vogelberg, Jon Genuneit, Tobias Weinmann, Felix Forster, and Katja Radon
- Subjects
Male ,Allergy ,Adolescent ,Population ,Workload ,Logistic regression ,Job Satisfaction ,Cohort Studies ,Occupational Stress ,03 medical and health sciences ,Sex Factors ,0302 clinical medicine ,Germany ,Humans ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Young adult ,education ,Respiratory Sounds ,Rhinitis ,Asthma ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Odds ratio ,medicine.disease ,030210 environmental & occupational health ,Confidence interval ,Cohort ,Female ,business ,Demography - Abstract
This study analyzes the association of work-related stress with incident asthma and rhinitis in young adults with a special focus on gender-specific differences. Incident asthma, wheezing and rhinitis were measured in a cohort of 2051 young German adults (aged 16–18 years at baseline) recruited by the prospective population-based SOLAR study (Study of Occupational Allergy Risks). Work-related stress was measured by the Trier Inventory for the Assessment of Chronic Stress (TICS). Two TICS scales, work overload and work discontent, were analysed. Logistic regression was conducted to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). In females, the odds for incident asthma were found to be 17% higher for each increase of the work discontent score by one point (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.04–1.31). In males, no association was statistically significant. Incident rhinitis showed no association with any exposure variable. This study shows a link between work-related stress and incident asthma which seems to be confined to women. This study adds evidence about the association of work-related stress and asthma in young adults and can contribute to prevention for that particular age group.
- Published
- 2019
31. Long-Term Exposure to Fine Particle Elemental Components and Natural and Cause-Specific Mortality-a Pooled Analysis of Eight European Cohorts within the ELAPSE Project
- Author
-
Daniela Fecht, Klea Katsouyanni, Ole Hertel, Anton Lager, Danielle Vienneau, Sophia Rodopoulou, Ulla Arthur Hvidtfeldt, Matteo Renzi, Torben Sigsgaard, Francesco Forastiere, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, Jørgen Brandt, Jochem O. Klompmaker, Gabriele Nagel, Per E. Schwarze, Gudrun Weinmayr, Kathrin Wolf, Bert Brunekreef, Amar Mehta, Tom Bellander, Annette Peters, Hans Concin, Sara Schramm, Bente Oftedal, Conor James MacDonald, Matthias Ketzel, Massimo Stafoggia, John S. Gulliver, Göran Pershagen, Mette Sørensen, Shuo Liu, Ole Raaschou-Nielsen, Jie Chen, Maciej Strak, Richard Atkinson, Jeanette Therming Jørgensen, Karin Leander, Debora Rizzuto, Yvonne T. van der Schouw, Giulia Cesaroni, Gerard Hoek, Evangelia Samoli, Kees de Hoogh, Anne Tjønneland, Petter Ljungman, Nicole A.H. Janssen, Barbara Hoffmann, Zorana Jovanovic Andersen, Patrik K. E. Magnusson, Mariska Bauwelinck, Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences and Solvay Business School, and Sociology
- Subjects
Fine particulate ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,05 Environmental Sciences ,Medizin ,PM2.5 ,010501 environmental sciences ,Atmospheric sciences ,Toxicology ,PROFILE ,ESCAPE ,complex mixtures ,01 natural sciences ,Cohort Studies ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,USE REGRESSION-MODELS ,PARTICULATE MATTER ,Air Pollution ,Cause of Death ,Humans ,Aerodynamic diameter ,030212 general & internal medicine ,11 Medical and Health Sciences ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,RISK ,Air Pollutants ,Research ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Cause specific mortality ,MEN ,Environmental Exposure ,Middle Aged ,Particulates ,Term (time) ,Pooled analysis ,Particle ,Environmental science ,Particulate Matter - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Inconsistent associations between long-term exposure to particles with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μ m [fine particulate matter ( PM 2.5 )] components and mortality have been reported, partly related to challenges in exposure assessment. OBJECTIVES: We investigated the associations between long-term exposure to PM 2.5 elemental components and mortality in a large pooled European cohort; to compare health effects of PM 2.5 components estimated with two exposure modeling approaches, namely, supervised linear regression (SLR) and random forest (RF) algorithms. METHODS: We pooled data from eight European cohorts with 323,782 participants, average age 49 y at baseline (1985-2005). Residential exposure to 2010 annual average concentration of eight PM 2.5 components [copper (Cu), iron (Fe), potassium (K), nickel (Ni), sulfur (S), silicon (Si), vanadium (V), and zinc (Zn)] was estimated with Europe-wide SLR and RF models at a 100 × 100 m scale. We applied Cox proportional hazards models to investigate the associations between components and natural and cause-specific mortality. In addition, two-pollutant analyses were conducted by adjusting each component for PM 2.5 mass and nitrogen dioxide ( NO 2 ) separately. RESULTS: We observed 46,640 natural-cause deaths with 6,317,235 person-years and an average follow-up of 19.5 y. All SLR-modeled components were statistically significantly associated with natural-cause mortality in single-pollutant models with hazard ratios (HRs) from 1.05 to 1.27. Similar HRs were observed for RF-modeled Cu, Fe, K, S, V, and Zn with wider confidence intervals (CIs). HRs for SLR-modeled Ni, S, Si, V, and Zn remained above unity and (almost) significant after adjustment for both PM 2.5 and NO 2 . HRs only remained (almost) significant for RF-modeled K and V in two-pollutant models. The HRs for V were 1.03 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.05) and 1.06 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.10) for SLR- and RF-modeled exposures, respectively, per 2 ng / m 3 , adjusting for PM 2.5 mass. Associations with cause-specific mortality were less consistent in two-pollutant models. CONCLUSION: Long-term exposure to V in PM 2.5 was most consistently associated with increased mortality. Associations for the other components were weaker for exposure modeled with RF than SLR in two-pollutant models. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP8368.
- Published
- 2021
32. Long term exposure to low level air pollution and mortality in eight European cohorts within the ELAPSE project: Pooled analysis
- Author
-
Karin Leander, Ole Raaschou-Nielsen, W M Monique Verschuren, Hans Concin, Francesco Forastiere, Ulla Arthur Hvidtfeldt, Debora Rizzuto, Torben Sigsgaard, Bente Oftedal, Massimo Stafoggia, Gianluca Severi, Evangelia Samoli, Gerard Hoek, Petter Ljungman, Jeanette Therming Jørgensen, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Matthias Ketzel, Jørgen Brandt, Terese Bekkevold, Shuo Liu, Jie Chen, Maciej Strak, Gabriele Nagel, Matteo Renzi, Gudrun Weinmayr, Anne Tjønneland, Ole Hertel, John S. Gulliver, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, Bert Brunekreef, Danielle Vienneau, Kathrin Wolf, Göran Pershagen, Amar Mehta, Annette Peters, Daniela Fecht, Nicole A.H. Janssen, Kees de Hoogh, Yvonne T. van der Schouw, Giulia Cesaroni, Tom Bellander, Sophia Rodopoulou, Mette Sørensen, Mariska Bauwelinck, Jochem O. Klompmaker, Sara Schramm, Richard Atkinson, Klea Katsouyanni, Zorana Jovanovic Andersen, Patrik K. E. Magnusson, Anton Lager, Barbara Hoffmann, Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences and Solvay Business School, Sociology, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA: R-82811201, Health Effects Institute, HEI: 4954-RFA14-3/16-5-3, Funding: This work was supported by Health Effects Institute (HEI) research agreement (grant No 4954-RFA14-3/16-5-3). Research described in this article was conducted under contract to the HEI, an organisation jointly funded by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (assistance award No R-82811201) and certain motor vehicle and engine manufacturers. The contents of this article do not necessarily reflect the views of HEI, or its sponsors, nor do they necessarily reflect the views and policies of the EPA or motor vehicle and engine manufacturers. Competing interests: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form at http://www.icmje.org/coi_disclosure.pdf and declare: support from the Health Effects Institute for the submitted work, no financial relationships with any organisations that might have an interest in the submitted work in the previous three years, no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work. Ethical approval: All included cohort studies were approved by the medical ethics committees in their respective countries. Data sharing: No additional data available. The corresponding author affirms that the manuscript is an honest, accurate, and transparent account of the study being reported, that no important aspects of the study have been omitted, and and that any discrepancies from the study as planned (and, if relevant, registered) have been explained.
- Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,Air pollution ,Medizin ,010501 environmental sciences ,medicine.disease_cause ,NO2 ,01 natural sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality ,media_common ,ASSOCIATIONS ,RISK ,Air Pollutants ,education.field_of_study ,O-3 ,General Medicine ,Environmental exposure ,Air Pollution/adverse effects ,3. Good health ,Europe ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,FINE PARTICULATE MATTER ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,Pollution ,Ozone ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Population ,MODELS ,PM2.5 ,1117 Public Health and Health Services ,03 medical and health sciences ,Medicine, General & Internal ,Air Pollution ,Environmental health ,General & Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Air Pollutants/adverse effects ,media_common.cataloged_instance ,Humans ,European union ,Noncommunicable Diseases/mortality ,Noncommunicable Diseases ,education ,Air quality index ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Science & Technology ,STABILITY ,business.industry ,Research ,1103 Clinical Sciences ,Environmental Exposure ,GLOBAL BURDEN ,Confidence interval ,chemistry ,13. Climate action ,business ,CANADIAN CENSUS HEALTH ,Environmental Exposure/adverse effects - Abstract
Objective To investigate the associations between air pollution and mortality, focusing on associations below current European Union, United States, and World Health Organization standards and guidelines. Design Pooled analysis of eight cohorts. Setting Multicentre project Effects of Low-Level Air Pollution: A Study in Europe (ELAPSE) in six European countries. Participants 325 367 adults from the general population recruited mostly in the 1990s or 2000s with detailed lifestyle data. Stratified Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyse the associations between air pollution and mortality. Western Europe-wide land use regression models were used to characterise residential air pollution concentrations of ambient fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ), nitrogen dioxide, ozone, and black carbon. Main outcome measures Deaths due to natural causes and cause specific mortality. Results Of 325 367 adults followed-up for an average of 19.5 years, 47 131 deaths were observed. Higher exposure to PM 2.5 , nitrogen dioxide, and black carbon was associated with significantly increased risk of almost all outcomes. An increase of 5 µg/m 3 in PM 2.5 was associated with 13% (95% confidence interval 10.6% to 15.5%) increase in natural deaths; the corresponding figure for a 10 µg/m 3 increase in nitrogen dioxide was 8.6% (7% to 10.2%). Associations with PM 2.5 , nitrogen dioxide, and black carbon remained significant at low concentrations. For participants with exposures below the US standard of 12 µg/m 3 an increase of 5 µg/m 3 in PM 2.5 was associated with 29.6% (14% to 47.4%) increase in natural deaths. Conclusions Our study contributes to the evidence that outdoor air pollution is associated with mortality even at low pollution levels below the current European and North American standards and WHO guideline values. These findings are therefore an important contribution to the debate about revision of air quality limits, guidelines, and standards, and future assessments by the Global Burden of Disease.
- Published
- 2021
33. Long-term low-level ambient air pollution exposure and risk of lung cancer – A pooled analysis of 7 European cohorts
- Author
-
Klea Katsouyanni, Jochem O. Klompmaker, Per E. Schwarze, Göran Pershagen, Massimo Stafoggia, Alois Lang, Carla H. van Gils, Richard Atkinson, Sophia Rodopoulou, Giulia Cesaroni, Danielle Vienneau, Kathrin Wolf, Ulla Arthur Hvidtfeldt, Torben Sigsgaard, Gabriele Nagel, Bert Brunekreef, Francesco Forastiere, Amar Mehta, Mette Kildevæld Simonsen, Annette Peters, Gudrun Weinmayr, Mariska Bauwelinck, Tom Bellander, Matthias Ketzel, Jørgen Brandt, Norun Hjertager Krog, Evangelia Samoli, John S. Gulliver, Matteo Renzi, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, Ole Hertel, Jeanette Therming Jørgensen, Hans Concin, Petter Ljungman, Daniela Fecht, Nicole Janssen, Kees de Hoogh, Gianluca Severi, Karin Leander, Ole Raaschou-Nielsen, Barbara Hoffmann, Debora Rizzuto, Zorana Jovanovic Andersen, Patrik K. E. Magnusson, Maciek Strak, Shuo Liu, Jie Chen, Gerard Hoek, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Raphael Simon Peter, Bente Oftedal, Interface Demography, Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences and Solvay Business School, and Sociology
- Subjects
Lung Neoplasms ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Air pollution ,Medizin ,010501 environmental sciences ,medicine.disease_cause ,01 natural sciences ,Environmental Science(all) ,Environmental health ,Medicine ,Humans ,Lung cancer ,Air quality index ,lcsh:Environmental sciences ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,lcsh:GE1-350 ,Air Pollutants ,business.industry ,Proportional hazards model ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Air Pollution ,Dose Response Relationship ,Lung Cancer Incidence ,Particulate Matter ,Environmental exposure ,Environmental Exposure ,medicine.disease ,Europe ,Dose response relationship ,Cohort ,Lung cancer incidence ,business ,Particulate matter ,Body mass index ,Environmental Sciences - Abstract
Background/aim: Ambient air pollution has been associated with lung cancer, but the shape of the exposure-response function - especially at low exposure levels - is not well described. The aim of this study was to address the relationship between long-term low-level air pollution exposure and lung cancer incidence. Methods: The “Effects of Low-level Air Pollution: a Study in Europe” (ELAPSE) collaboration pools seven cohorts from across Europe. We developed hybrid models combining air pollution monitoring, land use data, satellite observations, and dispersion model estimates for nitrogen dioxide (NO2), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), black carbon (BC), and ozone (O3) to assign exposure to cohort participants’ residential addresses in 100 m by 100 m grids. We applied stratified Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for potential confounders (age, sex, calendar year, marital status, smoking, body mass index, employment status, and neighborhood-level socio-economic status). We fitted linear models, linear models in subsets, Shape-Constrained Health Impact Functions (SCHIF), and natural cubic spline models to assess the shape of the association between air pollution and lung cancer at concentrations below existing standards and guidelines. Results: The analyses included 307,550 cohort participants. During a mean follow-up of 18.1 years, 3956 incident lung cancer cases occurred. Median (Q1, Q3) annual (2010) exposure levels of NO2, PM2.5, BC and O3 (warm season) were 24.2 µg/m3 (19.5, 29.7), 15.4 µg/m3 (12.8, 17.3), 1.6 10−5m−1 (1.3, 1.8), and 86.6 µg/m3 (78.5, 92.9), respectively. We observed a higher risk for lung cancer with higher exposure to PM2.5 (HR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.23 per 5 µg/m3). This association was robust to adjustment for other pollutants. The SCHIF, spline and subset analyses suggested a linear or supra-linear association with no evidence of a threshold. In subset analyses, risk estimates were clearly elevated for the subset of subjects with exposure below the EU limit value of 25 µg/m3. We did not observe associations between NO2, BC or O3 and lung cancer incidence. Conclusions: Long-term ambient PM2.5 exposure is associated with lung cancer incidence even at concentrations below current EU limit values and possibly WHO Air Quality Guidelines.
- Published
- 2021
34. Natural and cause-specific mortality and long-term exposure to particle components in a pooled cohort of 323,782 participants in Europe: the ELAPSE project
- Author
-
Gerard Hoek, Bert Brunekreef, Zorana Jovanovic Andersen, Maciek Strak, K. de Hoogh, Klea Katsouyanni, Jie Chen, Gudrun Weinmayr, Francesco Forastiere, and G Pershagen
- Subjects
business.industry ,Cohort ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Cause specific mortality ,Medicine ,business ,Natural (archaeology) ,General Environmental Science ,Term (time) ,Demography - Published
- 2020
35. The Mediating Role of Self-Regulation and Self-Efficacy on Physical Activity Change in Community-Dwelling Older Adults (≥65 Years): An Experimental Cross-Lagged Analysis Using Data From SITLESS
- Author
-
Ilona I. McMullan, Brendan P. Bunting, Nicole E. Blackburn, Jason J. Wilson, Manuela Deidda, Paolo Caserotti, Lee Smith, Dhayana Dallmeier, Marta Roque, Gudrun Weinmayr, Maria Giné-Garriga, Laura Coll-Planas, and Mark A. Tully
- Subjects
Gerontology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Physical activity ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Motor Activity ,Self-Control ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Intervention (counseling) ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Exercise ,Aged ,Self-efficacy ,Public health ,Rehabilitation ,Behavior change ,030229 sport sciences ,Self Efficacy ,Clinical trial ,Cross lagged ,Cohort ,Independent Living ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,Psychology ,human activities - Abstract
Improving the capacity for physical activity interventions to maintain behavior change is a key public health concern and an important strategy for the health and independence of older adults. Ways of ensuring effective maintenance of physical activity levels in older adults are unclear. This study includes the objective measure of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA); self-reported self-efficacy; and self-regulation at four timepoints (baseline, intervention completion at 4 months, 12-, and 18-month follow-up) from the SITLESS study, a clinical trial conducted with a cohort of community-dwelling older adults (≥65 years) from Denmark, Germany, Spain, and the United Kingdom. A cross-lagged analysis found that self-regulation and self-efficacy may be key determinants of MVPA behavior in community-dwelling older adults. More specifically, the use of behavioral support strategies represents an important correlate of MVPA behavior, and its association with MVPA may be mediated by self-regulation and self-efficacy in older adults in the short and long term.
- Published
- 2020
36. Development of Europe-wide models for particle elemental composition using supervised linear regression and random forest
- Author
-
Mariska Bauwelinck, Danielle Vienneau, Kathrin Wolf, Maciej Strak, Tom Bellander, Barbara Hoffmann, Nicole A.H. Janssen, Bert Brunekreef, Gerard Hoek, Gudrun Weinmayr, Aaron van Donkelaar, Ulla Arthur Hvidtfeldt, Evangelia Samoli, Zorana Jovanovic Andersen, Jie Chen, Bente Oftedal, Ole Hertel, Kees de Hoogh, Matthias Ketzel, John S. Gulliver, Richard Atkinson, Randall V. Martin, Massimo Stafoggia, Interface Demography, Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences and Solvay Business School, and Sociology
- Subjects
Environmental modeling ,European level ,Chemistry(all) ,Point source ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,Air Pollution ,Statistics ,Linear regression ,ELEMENTS ,PARTICLES ,Environmental Chemistry ,National level ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Elemental composition ,Air Pollutants ,General Chemistry ,Particulates ,Random forest ,Europe ,Zinc ,Linear Models ,Environmental science ,Particle ,Particulate Matter ,Algorithms ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
We developed Europe-wide models of long-term exposure to eight elements (copper, iron, potassium, nickel, sulfur, silicon, vanadium, and zinc) in particulate matter with diameter
- Published
- 2020
37. Association of lung function with overall mortality is independent of inflammatory, cardiac, and functional biomarkers in older adults : the ActiFE-study
- Author
-
Gudrun, Weinmayr, Holger, Schulz, Jochen, Klenk, Michael, Denkinger, Enric, Duran-Tauleria, Wolfgang, Koenig, Dhayana, Dallmeier, Dietrich, Rothenbacher, J, Stingl, and Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (LKCMedicine)
- Subjects
Epidemiology ,Cardiology ,lcsh:Medicine ,Comorbidity ,Predictive markers ,Article ,Atemwegskrankheit ,Germany ,Humans ,Public Health Surveillance ,Medicine [Science] ,ddc:610 ,Mortality ,lcsh:Science ,Geriatric Assessment ,Lung ,Lung diseases ,Aged ,Proportional Hazards Models ,Aged, 80 and over ,Inflammation ,Respiratory tract diseases ,lcsh:R ,Biomarker ,respiratory system ,Respiratory Function Tests ,respiratory tract diseases ,Cardiovascular diseases ,Lungenfunktion ,Risk factors ,lcsh:Q ,DDC 610 / Medicine & health ,Herzkrankheit ,Biomarkers - Abstract
Reduced lung function is associated with overall and cardiovascular mortality. Chronic low grade systemic inflammation is linked to impaired lung function and cardiovascular outcomes. We assessed the association of lung function with overall 8-year mortality in 867 individuals of the Activity and Function in the Elderly study using confounder-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models (including gait speed and daily walking time as measures of physical function) without and with adjustment for inflammatory and cardiac markers. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity ( FEV1/FVC) but not FVC was related to mortality after adjustment for physical function and other confounders. Additional adjustment for inflammatory and cardiac markers did not change the hazard ratios (HR) markedly, e.g. for a FEV1/ FVC below 0.7 from 1.55 [95% confidence-interval (CI) 1.14���2.11] to 1.49 (95% CI 1.09���2.03). These independent associations were also observed in the apparently lung healthy subpopulation with even higher HRs up to 2.76 (95% CI 1.52���4.93). A measure of airflow limitation but not vital capacity was associated with overall mortality in this community-dwelling older population and in the subgroup classified as lung healthy. These associations were independent of adjustment for inflammatory and cardiac markers and support the role of airflow limitation as independent predictor of mortality in older adults., publishedVersion
- Published
- 2020
38. Urban Climate Policy and Action through a Health Lens—An Untapped Opportunity
- Author
-
Giselle Sebag, Kristie L. Ebi, Aina Roca-Barcelό, Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen, Gudrun Weinmayr, Maya Negev, Charlotte J. Roscoe, Carlos Dora, Audrey de Nazelle, and Medical Research Council (MRC)
- Subjects
IMPACTS ,STRATEGIES ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,WASTE ,Climate change ,Environmental Sciences & Ecology ,Toxicology ,Conference of the parties ,Urban climate ,Political science ,co-benefits ,cities ,Systems thinking ,ADAPTATION ,Adaptation (computer science) ,Public, Environmental & Occupational Health ,Science & Technology ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,Urban Health ,systems thinking ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,SCIENCE ,Public relations ,TRANSPORT ,co-production ,Policy ,climate change ,Climate change mitigation ,Health promotion ,TRAVEL ,Action (philosophy) ,PUBLIC-HEALTH ,Commentary ,Medicine ,business ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,Environmental Health ,Environmental Sciences - Abstract
Motivated by a growing recognition of the climate emergency, reflected in the 26th Conference of the Parties (COP26), we outline untapped opportunities to improve health through ambitious climate actions in cities. Health is a primary reason for climate action yet is rarely integrated in urban climate plans as a policy goal. This is a missed opportunity to create sustainable alliances across sectors and groups, to engage a broad set of stakeholders, and to develop structural health promotion. In this statement, we first briefly review the literature on health co-benefits of urban climate change strategies and make the case for health-promoting climate action; we then describe barriers to integrating health in climate action. We found that the evidence-base is often insufficiently policy-relevant to be impactful. Research rarely integrates the complexity of real-world systems, including multiple and dynamic impacts of strategies, and consideration of how decision-making processes contend with competing interests and short-term electoral cycles. Due to siloed-thinking and restrictive funding opportunities, research often falls short of the type of evidence that would be most useful for decision-making, and research outputs can be cryptic to decision makers. As a way forward, we urge researchers and stakeholders to engage in co-production and systems thinking approaches. Partnering across sectors and disciplines is urgently needed so pathways to climate change mitigation and adaptation fully embrace their health-promoting potential and engage society towards the huge transformations needed. This commentary is endorsed by the International Society for Environmental Epidemiology (ISEE) and the International Society for Urban Health (ISUH) and accompanies a sister statement oriented towards stakeholders (published on the societies’ websites).
- Published
- 2021
39. Pregnancy and perinatal conditions and atopic disease prevalence in childhood and adulthood
- Author
-
Jessica Gerlich, E. von Mutius, Astrid S Peters-Weist, Diana Roller, Christian Vogelberg, Sabine Heinrich, Doris Windstetter, Holger Dressel, Dennis Nowak, N Benecke, Gudrun Weinmayr, Jon Genuneit, Katja Radon, and U Range
- Subjects
Male ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Allergy ,Immunology ,Population ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pregnancy ,Risk Factors ,Hypersensitivity ,Odds Ratio ,Prevalence ,medicine ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Labor, Induced ,Longitudinal Studies ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Child ,education ,Sensitization ,Asthma ,education.field_of_study ,Cesarean Section ,business.industry ,Extraction, Obstetrical ,Odds ratio ,Atopic dermatitis ,medicine.disease ,Delivery mode ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,030228 respiratory system ,Female ,business - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Previous studies showed controversial results for the influence of pregnancy-related and perinatal factors on subsequent respiratory and atopic diseases in children. The aim of this study was to assess the association between perinatal variables and the prevalence of asthma, bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR), flexural eczema (FE), allergic rhinitis, and sensitization in childhood and early adulthood. METHODS: The studied population was first examined in Munich and Dresden in 1995/1996 at age 9-11 years. Participants were followed until age 19-24 years using questionnaires and clinical examinations. Associations between perinatal data and subsequent atopic diseases were examined using logistic regression analyses adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: Cesarean section was statistically significantly associated with BHR in early adulthood (odds ratio 4.8 [95% confidence interval 1.5-15.2]), while assisted birth was associated with presence of asthma symptoms in childhood (2.2 [1.2-3.9]), FE symptoms (2.2 [1.2-4.3]) and doctor's diagnosis of atopic dermatitis (1.9 [1.0-3.4]) in childhood, and sensitization in early adulthood (2.2 [1.1-4.3]). Lower birth length (1.9 [1.1-3.2]), lower birthweight (0.5 [0.3-0.9]), and higher birthweight (0.6 [0.4-1.0]) were predictive of sensitization in early adulthood compared to average birth length and birthweight, respectively. None of the other perinatal factors showed statistically significant associations with the outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that children who are born by cesarean section and especially by assisted birth, might be at greater risk for developing asthma, FE, and sensitization and should hence be monitored. Prenatal maternal stress might partly explain these associations, which should be further investigated.
- Published
- 2017
40. Outdoor air pollution and risk for kidney parenchyma cancer in 14 European cohorts
- Author
-
Johan Nilsson Sommar, Anne Tjønneland, Petra H.M. Peeters, Paolo Vineis, Nancy L. Pedersen, Ingeborg M. Kooter, Marloes Eeftens, Carlotta Sacerdote, Alessandro Marcon, Marie Pedersen, Claudia Galassi, Massimo Stafoggia, Andrea Jaensch, Enrica Migliore, Kirsten Thorup Eriksen, Andrei Pyko, Rob Beelen, Laura Fratiglioni, Ranjeet S. Sokhi, Bertil Forsberg, Gerard Hoek, Ming-Yi Tsai, Fulvio Ricceri, Miren Dorronsoro, Gunn Marit Aasvang, H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Meng Wang, Bernhard Föger, Zorana Jovanovic Andersen, Ulf de Faire, Kees de Hoogh, Gudrun Weinmayr, Sara Grioni, Mette Sørensen, Claes-Göran Östenson, Roel Vermeulen, Pilar Amiano, Ibon Tamayo, Michelle Plusquin, Norun Hjertager Krog, Göran Pershagen, Timothy J. Key, David Olsson, Gabriele Nagel, Bert Brunekreef, Ole Raaschou-Nielsen, Michal Korek, Vittorio Krogh, and Bente Oftedal
- Subjects
Pollutant ,Cancer Research ,business.industry ,Air pollution ,Cancer ,Environmental exposure ,010501 environmental sciences ,Particulates ,medicine.disease ,medicine.disease_cause ,complex mixtures ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Oncology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Environmental health ,Parenchyma ,medicine ,business ,Risk assessment ,Kidney cancer ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Several studies have indicated weakly increased risk for kidney cancer among occupational groups exposed to gasoline vapors, engine exhaust, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other air pollutant ...
- Published
- 2017
41. Long-term exposure to fine particle elemental components and lung cancer incidence in the ELAPSE pooled cohort
- Author
-
Danielle Vienneau, Kathrin Wolf, Bente Oftedal, Jochem O. Klompmaker, Hans Concin, Per E. Schwarze, Klea Katsouyanni, Shuo Liu, Giulia Cesaroni, Ulla Arthur Hvidtfeldt, Richard Atkinson, Gianluca Severi, Gabriele Nagel, Jie Chen, Maciej Strak, Zorana Jovanovic Andersen, Patrik K. E. Magnusson, Bert Brunekreef, Amar Mehta, Annette Peters, Jørgen Brandt, Raphael Simon Peter, Ole Raaschou-Nielsen, Barbara Hoffmann, Tom Bellander, Sophia Rodopoulou, Ole Hertel, Gerard Hoek, Karin Leander, Mariska Bauwelinck, Evangelia Samoli, Francesco Forastiere, Daniela Fecht, Torben Sigsgaard, Debora Rizzuto, Kees de Hoogh, Jeanette Therming Jørgensen, Massimo Stafoggia, Nicole Janssen, Göran Pershagen, Petter Ljungman, Carla H. van Gils, Matthias Ketzel, John S. Gulliver, Matteo Renzi, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, Alois Lang, Gudrun Weinmayr, Interface Demography, Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences and Solvay Business School, and Sociology
- Subjects
Fine particulate matter ,Lung Neoplasms ,Air Pollution ,Elemental Components ,Fine Particulate Matter ,Lung Cancer Incidence ,Pooled Cohort ,05 Environmental Sciences ,air pollution ,Medizin ,Air pollution ,Elemental components ,010501 environmental sciences ,Toxicology ,complex mixtures ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Animal science ,Environmental Science(all) ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Lung cancer ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,Air Pollutants ,Proportional hazards model ,Incidence ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Pooled cohort ,pooled cohort ,Environmental Exposure ,Environmental exposure ,06 Biological Sciences ,Particulates ,medicine.disease ,Europe ,fine particulate matter ,elemental components ,Cohort ,lung cancer incidence ,Environmental science ,Population study ,Particulate Matter ,Lung cancer incidence ,03 Chemical Sciences ,Body mass index - Abstract
Background: An association between long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and lung cancer has been established in previous studies. PM2.5 is a complex mixture of chemical components from various sources and little is known about whether certain components contribute specifically to the associated lung cancer risk. The present study builds on recent findings from the “Effects of Low-level Air Pollution: A Study in Europe” (ELAPSE) collaboration and addresses the potential association between specific elemental components of PM2.5 and lung cancer incidence. Methods: We pooled seven cohorts from across Europe and assigned exposure estimates for eight components of PM2.5 representing non-tail pipe emissions (copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn)), long-range transport (sulfur (S)), oil burning/industry emissions (nickel (Ni), vanadium (V)), crustal material (silicon (Si)), and biomass burning (potassium (K)) to cohort participants’ baseline residential address based on 100 m by 100 m grids from newly developed hybrid models combining air pollution monitoring, land use data, satellite observations, and dispersion model estimates. We applied stratified Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for potential confounders (age, sex, calendar year, marital status, smoking, body mass index, employment status, and neighborhood-level socio-economic status). Results: The pooled study population comprised 306,550 individuals with 3916 incident lung cancer events during 5,541,672 person-years of follow-up. We observed a positive association between exposure to all eight components and lung cancer incidence, with adjusted HRs of 1.10 (95% CI 1.05, 1.16) per 50 ng/m3 PM2.5 K, 1.09 (95% CI 1.02, 1.15) per 1 ng/m3 PM2.5 Ni, 1.22 (95% CI 1.11, 1.35) per 200 ng/m3 PM2.5 S, and 1.07 (95% CI 1.02, 1.12) per 200 ng/m3 PM2.5 V. Effect estimates were largely unaffected by adjustment for nitrogen dioxide (NO2). After adjustment for PM2.5 mass, effect estimates of K, Ni, S, and V were slightly attenuated, whereas effect estimates of Cu, Si, Fe, and Zn became null or negative. Conclusions: Our results point towards an increased risk of lung cancer in connection with sources of combustion particles from oil and biomass burning and secondary inorganic aerosols rather than non-exhaust traffic emissions. Specific limit values or guidelines targeting these specific PM2.5 components may prove helpful in future lung cancer prevention strategies.
- Published
- 2021
42. Global estimates of mortality associated with long-term exposure to outdoor fine particulate matter
- Author
-
Bart Ostro, Richard Atkinson, Randall V. Martin, Susan M. Gapstur, Joseph V. Spadaro, Andrea Jaensch, Ryan Allen, Michelle C. Turner, Michael Brauer, Jaime E. Hart, Lauren Pinault, Anthony B. Miller, Maigeng Zhou, Lijun Wang, Joshua S. Apte, Haidong Kan, Gabriele Nagel, Dan L. Crouse, Nicole A.H. Janssen, Gudrun Weinmayr, John B. Cannon, Paul J. Villeneuve, Bert Brunekreef, Aaron van Donkelaar, Hilda Tsang, Debbie Goldberg, C. Arden Pope, Paul A. Peters, Qian Di, Thuan-Quoc Thach, Jay S. Coggins, Marten Marra, Aaron Cohen, Francesco Forastiere, Bryan Hubbell, Chris C. Lim, Richard T. Burnett, Joseph Frostad, Neal Fann, Hong Chen, W. Ryan Diver, Michael Tjepkema, Stephen S Lim, George D. Thurston, Peng Yin, Daniel Krewski, Francine Laden, Hans Concin, Richard B. Hayes, Scott Weichenthal, Michael Jerrett, Katherine Walker, Mieczyslaw Szyszkowicz, and Giulia Cesaroni
- Subjects
concentration ,Time Factors ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Global Burden of Disease/statistics & numerical data ,010501 environmental sciences ,Global Health ,01 natural sciences ,Risk Assessment ,Global Burden of Disease ,Cohort Studies ,Indoor air quality ,Environmental health ,Air Pollution ,Global health ,Air Pollutants/toxicity ,Medicine ,2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment ,Humans ,Climate-Related Exposures and Conditions ,Aetiology ,Noncommunicable Diseases/mortality ,Noncommunicable Diseases ,Disease burden ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,risk ,Proportional Hazards Models ,Particulate Matter/toxicity ,Air Pollutants ,Multidisciplinary ,business.industry ,Proportional hazards model ,Hazard ratio ,Bayes Theorem ,Environmental Exposure ,Air Pollution/adverse effects ,mortality ,Confidence interval ,Global Health/statistics & numerical data ,Good Health and Well Being ,fine particulate matter ,exposure ,Particulate Matter ,Risk assessment ,business ,Cohort study ,2.4 Surveillance and distribution ,Environmental Exposure/adverse effects - Abstract
Exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) is a major global health concern. Quantitative estimates of attributable mortality are based on disease-specific hazard ratio models that incorporate risk information from multiple PM 2.5 sources (outdoor and indoor air pollution from use of solid fuels and secondhand and active smoking), requiring assumptions about equivalent exposure and toxicity. We relax these contentious assumptions by constructing a PM 2.5 -mortality hazard ratio function based only on cohort studies of outdoor air pollution that covers the global exposure range. We modeled the shape of the association between PM 2.5 and nonaccidental mortality using data from 41 cohorts from 16 countries—the Global Exposure Mortality Model (GEMM). We then constructed GEMMs for five specific causes of death examined by the global burden of disease (GBD). The GEMM predicts 8.9 million [95% confidence interval (CI): 7.5–10.3] deaths in 2015, a figure 30% larger than that predicted by the sum of deaths among the five specific causes (6.9; 95% CI: 4.9–8.5) and 120% larger than the risk function used in the GBD (4.0; 95% CI: 3.3–4.8). Differences between the GEMM and GBD risk functions are larger for a 20% reduction in concentrations, with the GEMM predicting 220% higher excess deaths. These results suggest that PM 2.5 exposure may be related to additional causes of death than the five considered by the GBD and that incorporation of risk information from other, nonoutdoor, particle sources leads to underestimation of disease burden, especially at higher concentrations.
- Published
- 2018
43. P I – 1–3 Mortality and morbidity effects of long-term exposure to low-level pm2.5, black carbon, no2 and o3: an analysis of european cohorts
- Author
-
Ole Raaschou-Nielsen, Klea Katsouyanni, Barbara Hoffmann, Gudrun Weinmayr, Boutron Mc, Francesco Forastiere, Nicole Janssen, Bert Brunekreef, John S. Gulliver, Annette Peters, Gerard Hoek, Maciej Strak, Richard Atkinson, Göran Pershagen, Per E. Schwarze, Kees de Hoogh, and Ole Hertel
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,language.human_language ,World health ,Term (time) ,Danish ,Environmental health ,Epidemiology ,Cohort ,language ,medicine ,Statistical analysis ,business ,Exposure assessment ,Cohort study - Abstract
Background/aim Epidemiological cohort studies have consistently found associations between long-term exposure to outdoor air pollution and a range of morbidity and mortality endpoints. Recent evaluations by World Health Organisation and Global Burden of Disease study suggested that these associations may be non-linear and persist at very low concentrations. Methods We focus on analyses contributing to knowledge about health effects of air pollution concentrations at low concentrations, defined as less than current EU, EPA and WHO Limit Values or guidelines for PM2.5, NO2 and O3. Studies have focused especially on PM2.5, but increasingly associations with NO2 are reported. Very few studies have evaluated long-term morbidity and mortality effects of O3. We perform analyses of all-cause and cause-specific mortality and morbidity endpoints in a pooled dataset of 10 ESCAPE study cohorts and the Danish Nurse Cohort with detailed individual data (~3 80 000 subjects) and in seven very large European administrative cohorts (~35 million subjects). We focus on PM2.5, NO2, O3, and exploit rich monitoring data of black carbon (BC) available from the ESCAPE study. Results The first results are expected mid 2018. So far, we completed exposure assessment – using hybrid LUR models we made European maps of 2010 concentrations for PM2.5, NO2, O3 and BC. As individual cohort data are pooled, we developed common codebook harmonising variables between cohorts. We also obtained additional residential addresses histories. Further, we developed data transfer and management procedures. Data from all cohorts has been transferred and checked. Follow up is extended until 2013. We established secure remote access environment so that analysts involved can perform analyses without physically travelling to Utrecht. Finally, common statistical analysis scripts have been developed and afterwards demonstrated and discussed during the Stat Workshop (Utrecht, 25–27 Oct 2017). Conclusion There are no conclusions yet from this study.
- Published
- 2018
44. Exposure to Ambient Particulate Matter Elements and Incidence of Gastric Cancer in European Cohorts from 7 Countries
- Author
-
Gerard Hoek, Andrei Pyko, Gudrun Weinmayr, Mette Sørensen, Bente Oftedal, Fulvio Ricceri, Jule Munkenast, Giulia Cesaroni, Gabriele Nagel, Ole Raaschou-Nielsen, and Andrea Jaensch
- Subjects
business.industry ,Environmental health ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,medicine ,food and beverages ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Cancer ,Residence ,Particulates ,medicine.disease ,business ,complex mixtures ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Background/Aim: Previous analysis from the large European multicentre ESCAPE study showed an association of particulate matter
- Published
- 2018
45. Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and incidence of brain tumor: the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE)
- Author
-
David Olsson, Zorana Jovanovic Andersen, Enrica Migliore, Alois Lang, Roel Vermeulen, Vittorio Krogh, Laura Fratiglioni, Bertil Forsberg, Gerard Hoek, Gunn Marit Aasvang, Göran Pershagen, Ole Raaschou-Nielsen, Gabriele Nagel, Andrea Jaensch, Bert Brunekreef, Giulia Cesaroni, Bente Oftedal, Carlotta Sacerdote, Elvira Vaclavik Bräuner, Johan Nilsson Sommar, Michal Korek, Anne Tjønneland, Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Andrei Pyko, Menno Keuken, Kees de Hoogh, Per E. Schwarze, Marie Pedersen, Jeanette Therming Jørgensen, Fulvio Ricceri, Claudia Galassi, Meng Wang, Ulf de Faire, Ranjeet S. Sokhi, Gudrun Weinmayr, Petra H.M. Peeters, Claes-Göran Östenson, Paolo Vineis, Rob Beelen, Aslak Harbo Poulsen, Kirsten Thorup Eriksen, Alessandro Marcon, Massimo Stafoggia, Ming-Yi Tsai, Sara Grioni, dIRAS RA-2, LS IRAS EEPI ME (Milieu epidemiologie), One Health Chemisch, and dIRAS RA-I&I RA
- Subjects
Oncology ,Male ,Cancer Research ,Epidemiology ,2016 Urban Mobility & Environment ,air pollution ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Cohort Studies ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,11. Sustainability ,traffic ,Air pollutant concentrations ,Brain Neoplasms ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Incidence ,Hazard ratio ,brain cancer ,brain tumor ,Adult ,Air Pollution ,Environmental Exposure ,Europe ,Female ,Follow-Up Studies ,Humans ,Middle Aged ,Particulate Matter ,Prognosis ,Environmental exposure ,3. Good health ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Environment & Sustainability ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Brain tumor ,Urbanisation ,Environment ,epidemiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Arbetsmedicin och miljömedicin ,Internal medicine ,Environmental health ,Journal Article ,medicine ,Nitrogen dioxide ,Oncology & Carcinogenesis ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Pollutant ,Proportional hazards model ,business.industry ,Occupational Health and Environmental Health ,medicine.disease ,chemistry ,13. Climate action ,SUMS - Sustainable Urban Mobility and Safety ,Neurology (clinical) ,ELSS - Earth, Life and Social Sciences ,business ,1109 Neurosciences ,1112 Oncology And Carcinogenesis - Abstract
Background. Epidemiological evidence on the association between ambient air pollution and brain tumor risk is sparse and inconsistent. Methods. In 12 cohorts from 6 European countries, individual estimates of annual mean air pollution levels at the baseline residence were estimated by standardized land-use regression models developed within the ESCAPE and TRANSPHORM projects: Particulate matter (PM) ≥2.5,≥10, and 2.5-10 FÊm in diameter (PM2.5, PM10, and PMcoarse), PM2.5 absorbance, nitrogen oxides (NO2 and NOx) and elemental composition of PM. We estimated cohort-specific associations of air pollutant concentrations and traffic intensity with total, malignant, and nonmalignant brain tumor, in separate Cox regression models, adjusting for risk factors, and pooled cohort-specific estimates using random-effects meta-analyses. Results. Of 282 194 subjects from 12 cohorts, 466 developed malignant brain tumors during 12 years of follow-up. Six of the cohorts also had data on nonmalignant brain tumor, where among 106 786 subjects, 366 developed brain tumor: 176 nonmalignant and 190 malignant. We found a positive, statistically nonsignificant association between malignant brain tumor and PM2.5 absorbance (hazard ratio and 95% CI: 1.67; 0.89.3.14 per 10.5/m3), and weak positive or null associations with the other pollutants. Hazard ratio for PM2.5 absorbance (1.01; 0.38.2.71 per 10-5/m3) and all other pollutants were lower for nonmalignant than for malignant brain tumors. Conclusion. We found suggestive evidence of an association between long-term exposure to PM2.5 absorbance indicating traffic-related air pollution and malignant brain tumors, and no association with overall or nonmalignant brain tumors. © 2018 The Author(s). Chemicals/CAS: nitric oxide, 10102-43-9; nitrogen dioxide, 10102-44-0
- Published
- 2018
46. Chronic Stress in Young German Adults: Who Is Affected? A Prospective Cohort Study
- Author
-
Erika von Mutius, Dennis Nowak, Katja Radon, Ronald Herrera, Ursula Berger, Doris Windstetter, Christian Vogelberg, Gudrun Weinmayr, Matthias Weigl, Jon Genuneit, Wolff Schlotz, and Jessica Gerlich
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Gerontology ,Longitudinal study ,Adolescent ,Universities ,generalized estimation equations ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Population ,lcsh:Medicine ,Article ,Cohort Studies ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,ddc:150 ,Germany ,Odds Ratio ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Young adult ,Students ,Workplace ,Prospective cohort study ,education ,Generalized estimating equation ,education.field_of_study ,lcsh:R ,longitudinal study ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Odds ratio ,work stress ,psychological effects ,030210 environmental & occupational health ,Chronic Disease ,Cohort ,Female ,Psychology ,Stress, Psychological ,Cohort study - Abstract
We aimed to prospectively assess changes in chronic stress among young adults transitioning from high school to university or working life. A population-based cohort in Munich and Dresden (Germany) was followed from age 16–18 (2002–2003) to age 20–23 (2007–2009) (n = 1688). Using the Trier Inventory for the Assessment of Chronic Stress, two dimensions of stress at university or work were assessed: work overload and work discontent. In the multiple ordinal generalized estimating equations, socio-demographics, stress outside the workplace, and job history were additionally considered. At follow-up, 52% of the population were university students. Work overload increased statistically significantly from first to second follow-up, while work discontent remained constant at the population level. Students, compared to employees, reported a larger increase in work overload (adjusted odds ratio (OR): 1.33; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.07, 1.67), while work discontent did not differ between the groups. In conclusion, work overload increases when young adults transition from school to university/job life, with university students experiencing the largest increase.
- Published
- 2017
47. Long-term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Incidence of Postmenopausal Breast Cancer in 15 European Cohorts within the ESCAPE Project
- Author
-
Bente Oftedal, Gunn Marit Aasvang, Ole Raaschou-Nielsen, Kirsten Thorup Eriksen, Gabriele Nagel, Anna Oudin, Bert Brunekreef, Paolo Vineis, Ming-Yi Tsai, Claes-Göran Östenson, Petra H.M. Peeters, Gudrun Weinmayr, Andrei Pyko, Göran Pershagen, Ibon Tamayo-Uria, Nancy L. Pedersen, Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Sara Grioni, Jeanette Therming Jørgensen, Anne Tjønneland, Rob Beelen, Laura Baglietto, Michal Korek, Andrea Jaensch, Fulvio Ricceri, Meng Wang, Ulf de Faire, Pilar Amiano, Enrica Migliore, Marie Pedersen, Alois Lang, Timothy J. Key, Laura Fratiglioni, Miren Dorronsoro, Geir Aamodt, Agnès Fournier, Alessandro Marcon, Massimo Stafoggia, David Olsson, Roel Vermeulen, Zorana Jovanovic Andersen, Bertil Forsberg, Gerard Hoek, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Claudia Galassi, Ranjeet S. Sokhi, Menno Keuken, Giulia Cesaroni, Kees de Hoogh, Carlotta Sacerdote, Michelle Plusquin, Vittorio Krogh, LS IRAS EEPI GRA (Gezh.risico-analyse), LS IRAS EEPI ME (Milieu epidemiologie), and dIRAS RA-2
- Subjects
2016 Urban Mobility & Environment ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,05 Environmental Sciences ,polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ,Air pollution ,010501 environmental sciences ,Toxicology ,NO2 ,medicine.disease_cause ,01 natural sciences ,Cohort Studies ,0302 clinical medicine ,Nickel ,USE REGRESSION-MODELS ,PARTICULATE MATTER ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,RISK ,Air Pollutants ,Aged ,Air Pollution ,Breast Neoplasms ,Environmental Exposure ,Europe ,Female ,Humans ,Incidence ,Middle Aged ,Postmenopause ,ENVIRONMENTAL-POLLUTANTS ,air pollution ,cancer ,breast ,epidemiology ,ESCAPE ,women ,Particulate matter ,PM10 ,PM2.5 ,Nitrogen dioxides ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Hazard ratio ,Great Britain ,11 Medical And Health Sciences ,use regression models ,Environmental exposure ,3. Good health ,Health ,PM2.5 ABSORBENCY ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Public Health ,Healthy Living ,Cohort study ,Silicon ,Iron ,GREAT-BRITAIN ,California teachers ,New York ,POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS ,Arbetsmedicin och miljömedicin ,03 medical and health sciences ,LUNG-CANCER ,Breast cancer ,Environmental health ,Journal Article ,medicine ,environmental pollutants ,Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Element ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,business.industry ,Environmental and Occupational Health ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Cancer ,Nitrogen oxide ,Occupational Health and Environmental Health ,medicine.disease ,Confidence interval ,lung cancer ,NEW-YORK ,13. Climate action ,SUMS - Sustainable Urban Mobility and Safety ,Potassium ,ELSS - Earth, Life and Social Sciences ,Healthy for Life ,business ,Copper ,Sulfur ,CALIFORNIA-TEACHERS - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Epidemiological evidence on the association between ambient air pollution and breast cancer risk is inconsistent. OBJECTIVE: We examined the association between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and incidence of postmenopausal breast cancer in European women. METHODS: In 15 cohorts from nine European countries, individual estimates of air pollution levels at the residence were estimated by standardized land-use regression models developed within the European Study of Cohorts for Air Pollution Effects (ESCAPE) and Transport related Air Pollution and Health impacts - Integrated Methodologies for Assessing Particulate Matter (TRANSPHORM) projects: particulate matter (PM) ≤2:5 μm, ≤10 μm, and 2:5–10 μm in diameter (PM2:5, PM10, and PMcoarse, respectively); PM2:5 absorbance; nitrogen oxides (NO2 and NOx); traffic intensity; and elemental composition of PM. We estimated cohort-specific associations between breast cancer and air pollutants using Cox regression models, adjusting for major lifestyle risk factors, and pooled cohort-specific estimates using random-effects meta-analyses. RESULTS: Of 74,750 postmenopausal women included in the study, 3,612 developed breast cancer during 991,353 person-years of follow-up. We found positive and statistically insignificant associations between breast cancer and PM2:5 {hazard ratio (HR) =1:08 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.77, 1.51] per 5 μg/m3 }, PM10 [1.07 (95% CI: 0.89, 1.30) per 10 μg/m3 ], PMcoarse [1.20 (95% CI: 0.96, 1.49 per 5 μg/m3 ], and NO2 [1.02 (95% CI: 0.98, 1.07 per 10 μg/m3 ], and a statistically significant association with NOx [1.04 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.08) per 20 μg/m3, p =0:04]. CONCLUSIONS: We found suggestive evidence of an association between ambient air pollution and incidence of postmenopausal breast cancer in European women. © 2017, Public Health Services, US Dept of Health and Human Services. All rights reserved. Chemicals/CAS: copper, 15158-11-9, 7440-50-8; iron, 14093-02-8, 53858-86-9, 7439-89-6; nickel, 7440-02-0; nitrogen oxide, 11104-93-1; potassium, 7440-09-7; silicon, 7440-21-3; sulfur, 13981-57-2, 7704-34-9; vanadium, 7440-62-2; zinc, 7440-66-6, 14378-32-6
- Published
- 2017
48. Ambient air pollution and primary liver cancer incidence in four European cohorts within the ESCAPE project
- Author
-
Roel Vermeulen, Vittorio Krogh, Hans Concin, Mette Sørensen, Rob Beelen, Kirsten Thorup Eriksen, Ole Raaschou-Nielsen, Fulvio Ricceri, Alessandro Marcon, Ming-Yi Tsai, Paolo Vineis, Meng Wang, Gabriele Nagel, Massimo Stafoggia, Bert Brunekreef, Zorana Jovanovic Andersen, Gerard Hoek, Sara Grioni, Andrea Jaensch, Marie Pedersen, Steffen Loft, Anne Tjønneland, Kees de Hoogh, Claudia Galassi, Ranjeet S. Sokhi, Carlotta Sacerdote, Andrea Ranzi, Gudrun Weinmayr, dIRAS RA-2, LS IRAS EEPI ME (Milieu epidemiologie), and dIRAS RA-I&I RA
- Subjects
Male ,Denmark ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,DISEASE ,Cohort Studies ,0302 clinical medicine ,USE REGRESSION-MODELS ,HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA ,Motorized vehicle traffic ,Medicine ,NITROGEN-DIOXIDE ,General Environmental Science ,Vehicle Emissions ,Air Pollutants ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Incidence ,Hazard ratio ,Confounding ,Liver Neoplasms ,Cohort ,Environmental exposure ,ASSOCIATION ,cohort ,Italy ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Austria ,Female ,Nitrogen Oxides ,Ambient air pollution ,environment ,Liver cancer ,Cohort study ,motorized vehicle traffic ,Meteorology ,ambient air poluution ,Environment ,complex mixtures ,liver cancer ,03 medical and health sciences ,LUNG-CANCER ,Statistical significance ,Environmental health ,Air Pollution ,Humans ,EXPOSURE ,METAANALYSIS ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,business.industry ,MORTALITY ,Environmental Exposure ,Confidence interval ,RISK-FACTORS ,Particulate Matter ,business - Abstract
Background Tobacco smoke exposure increases the risk of cancer in the liver, but little is known about the possible risk associated with exposure to ambient air pollution. Objectives We evaluated the association between residential exposure to air pollution and primary liver cancer incidence. Methods We obtained data from four cohorts with enrolment during 1985–2005 in Denmark, Austria and Italy. Exposure to nitrogen oxides (NO 2 and NO X ), particulate matter (PM) with diameter of less than 10 µm (PM 10 ), less than 2.5 µm (PM 2.5 ), between 2.5 and 10 µm (PM 2.5–10 ) and PM 2.5 absorbance (soot) at baseline home addresses were estimated using land-use regression models from the ESCAPE project. We also investigated traffic density on the nearest road. We used Cox proportional-hazards models with adjustment for potential confounders for cohort-specific analyses and random-effects meta-analyses to estimate summary hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Out of 174,770 included participants, 279 liver cancer cases were diagnosed during a mean follow-up of 17 years. In each cohort, HRs above one were observed for all exposures with exception of PM 2.5 absorbance and traffic density. In the meta-analysis, all exposures were associated with elevated HRs, but none of the associations reached statistical significance. The summary HR associated with a 10-μg/m 3 increase in NO 2 was 1.10 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.93, 1.30) and 1.34 (95% CI: 0.76, 2.35) for a 5-μg/m 3 increase in PM 2.5 . Conclusions The results provide suggestive evidence that ambient air pollution may increase the risk of liver cancer. Confidence intervals for associations with NO 2 and NO X were narrower than for the other exposures.
- Published
- 2017
49. Correction: Soppa, V.J., et al. Respiratory Effects of Fine and Ultrafine Particles from Indoor Sources—A Randomized Sham-Controlled Exposure Study of Healthy Volunteers Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2014, 11, 6871–6889
- Author
-
Barbara Hoffmann, Gudrun Weinmayr, Ulrich Quass, Frauke Hennig, Vanessa J. Soppa, Roel P. F. Schins, Heinz Kaminski, Bryan Hellack, and Thomas A. J. Kuhlbusch
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Public health ,lcsh:R ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Correction ,lcsh:Medicine ,Environmental research ,n/a ,Environmental health ,Healthy volunteers ,medicine ,business - Abstract
The authors wish to make the following amendments to their paper published in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health [1][...]
- Published
- 2014
50. Association between Source-Specific Particulate Matter Air Pollution and hs-CRP: Local Traffic and Industrial Emissions
- Author
-
Dagmar Führer-Sakel, Gudrun Weinmayr, Raimund Erbel, Martina Bröcker-Preuss, Michael Memmesheimer, Stefan Möhlenkamp, Frauke Hennig, Susanne Moebus, Barbara Hoffmann, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, Kateryna Fuks, and Hermann Jakobs
- Subjects
Male ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Medizin ,Air pollution ,medicine.disease_cause ,complex mixtures ,Cohort Studies ,Air pollutants ,Germany ,Environmental monitoring ,Traffic load ,medicine ,Humans ,Aged ,Vehicle Emissions ,Inflammation ,Air Pollutants ,Research ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Environmental Exposure ,Environmental exposure ,Middle Aged ,Particulates ,C-Reactive Protein ,Models, Chemical ,Environmental chemistry ,Environmental science ,Female ,Particulate Matter ,Biomarkers ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
Background: Long-term exposures to particulate matter air pollution (PM2.5 and PM10) and high traffic load have been associated with markers of systemic inflammation. Epidemiological investigations have focused primarily on total PM, which represents a mixture of pollutants originating from different sources. Objective: We investigated associations between source-specific PM and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease. Methods: We used data from the first (2000–2003) and second examination (2006–2008) of the Heinz Nixdorf Recall study, a prospective population-based German cohort of initially 4,814 participants (45–75 years of age). We estimated residential long-term exposure to local traffic- and industry-specific fine particulate matter (PM2.5) at participants’ residences using a chemistry transport model. We used a linear mixed model with a random participant intercept to estimate associations of source-specific PM and natural log-transformed hs-CRP, controlling for age, sex, education, body mass index, low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking variables, physical activity, season, humidity, and city (8,204 total observations). Results: A 1-μg/m3 increase in total PM2.5 was associated with a 4.53% increase in hs-CRP concentration (95% CI: 2.76, 6.33%). hs-CRP was 17.89% (95% CI: 7.66, 29.09%) and 7.96% (95% CI: 3.45, 12.67%) higher in association with 1-μg/m3 increases in traffic- and industry-specific PM2.5, respectively. Results for PM10 were similar. Conclusions: Long-term exposure to local traffic-specific PM (PM2.5, PM10) was more strongly associated with systemic inflammation than total PM. Associations of local industry-specific PM were slightly stronger but not significantly different from associations with total PM. Citation: Hennig F, Fuks K, Moebus S, Weinmayr G, Memmesheimer M, Jakobs H, Bröcker-Preuss M, Führer-Sakel D, Möhlenkamp S, Erbel R, Jöckel KH, Hoffmann B, Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study Investigative Group. 2014. Association between source-specific particulate matter air pollution and hs-CRP: local traffic and industrial emissions. Environ Health Perspect 122:703–710; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1307081
- Published
- 2014
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.