141 results on '"Gudelj I"'
Search Results
2. Effects of Environmental Factors on Severity and Mortality of COVID-19
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Kifer, D, Bugada, D, Villar-Garcia, J, Gudelj, I, Menni, C, Sudre, C, Vuckovic, F, Ugrina, I, Lorini, L, Posso, M, Bettinelli, S, Ughi, N, Maloberti, A, Epis, O, Giannattasio, C, Rossetti, C, Kalogjera, L, Persec, J, Ollivere, L, Ollivere, B, Yan, H, Cai, T, Aithal, G, Steves, C, Kantele, A, Kajova, M, Vapalahti, O, Sajantila, A, Wojtowicz, R, Wierzba, W, Krol, Z, Zaczynski, A, Zycinska, K, Postula, M, Luksic, I, Civljak, R, Markotic, A, Brachmann, J, Markl, A, Mahnkopf, C, Murray, B, Ourselin, S, Valdes, A, Horcajada, J, Castells, X, Pascual, J, Allegri, M, Primorac, D, Spector, T, Barrios, C, Lauc, G, Kifer D., Bugada D., Villar-Garcia J., Gudelj I., Menni C., Sudre C., Vuckovic F., Ugrina I., Lorini L. F., Posso M., Bettinelli S., Ughi N., Maloberti A., Epis O., Giannattasio C., Rossetti C., Kalogjera L., Persec J., Ollivere L., Ollivere B. J., Yan H., Cai T., Aithal G. P., Steves C. J., Kantele A., Kajova M., Vapalahti O., Sajantila A., Wojtowicz R., Wierzba W., Krol Z., Zaczynski A., Zycinska K., Postula M., Luksic I., Civljak R., Markotic A., Brachmann J., Markl A., Mahnkopf C., Murray B., Ourselin S., Valdes A. M., Horcajada J. P., Castells X., Pascual J., Allegri M., Primorac D., Spector T. D., Barrios C., Lauc G., Kifer, D, Bugada, D, Villar-Garcia, J, Gudelj, I, Menni, C, Sudre, C, Vuckovic, F, Ugrina, I, Lorini, L, Posso, M, Bettinelli, S, Ughi, N, Maloberti, A, Epis, O, Giannattasio, C, Rossetti, C, Kalogjera, L, Persec, J, Ollivere, L, Ollivere, B, Yan, H, Cai, T, Aithal, G, Steves, C, Kantele, A, Kajova, M, Vapalahti, O, Sajantila, A, Wojtowicz, R, Wierzba, W, Krol, Z, Zaczynski, A, Zycinska, K, Postula, M, Luksic, I, Civljak, R, Markotic, A, Brachmann, J, Markl, A, Mahnkopf, C, Murray, B, Ourselin, S, Valdes, A, Horcajada, J, Castells, X, Pascual, J, Allegri, M, Primorac, D, Spector, T, Barrios, C, Lauc, G, Kifer D., Bugada D., Villar-Garcia J., Gudelj I., Menni C., Sudre C., Vuckovic F., Ugrina I., Lorini L. F., Posso M., Bettinelli S., Ughi N., Maloberti A., Epis O., Giannattasio C., Rossetti C., Kalogjera L., Persec J., Ollivere L., Ollivere B. J., Yan H., Cai T., Aithal G. P., Steves C. J., Kantele A., Kajova M., Vapalahti O., Sajantila A., Wojtowicz R., Wierzba W., Krol Z., Zaczynski A., Zycinska K., Postula M., Luksic I., Civljak R., Markotic A., Brachmann J., Markl A., Mahnkopf C., Murray B., Ourselin S., Valdes A. M., Horcajada J. P., Castells X., Pascual J., Allegri M., Primorac D., Spector T. D., Barrios C., and Lauc G.
- Abstract
Background: Most respiratory viruses show pronounced seasonality, but for SARS-CoV-2, this still needs to be documented. Methods: We examined the disease progression of COVID-19 in 6,914 patients admitted to hospitals in Europe and China. In addition, we evaluated progress of disease symptoms in 37,187 individuals reporting symptoms into the COVID Symptom Study application. Findings: Meta-analysis of the mortality risk in seven European hospitals estimated odds ratios per 1-day increase in the admission date to be 0.981 (0.973–0.988, p < 0.001) and per increase in ambient temperature of 1°C to be 0.854 (0.773–0.944, p = 0.007). Statistically significant decreases of comparable magnitude in median hospital stay, probability of transfer to the intensive care unit, and need for mechanical ventilation were also observed in most, but not all hospitals. The analysis of individually reported symptoms of 37,187 individuals in the UK also showed the decrease in symptom duration and disease severity with time. Interpretation: Severity of COVID-19 in Europe decreased significantly between March and May and the seasonality of COVID-19 is the most likely explanation.
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- 2021
3. High-throughput glycomics: Optimization of sample preparation
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Trbojević Akmačić, I., Ugrina, I., Štambuk, J., Gudelj, I., Vučković, F., Lauc, G., and Pučić-Baković, M.
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- 2015
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4. Replication of fifteen loci involved in human plasma protein N-glycosylation in 4,802 samples from four cohorts
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Sharapov, S.Z., Shadrina, A.S., Tsepilov, Y.A., Elgaeva, E.E., Tiys, E.S., Feoktistova, S.G., Zaytseva, O.O., Vučković, F., Cuadrat, R., Jäger, S., Wittenbecher, C., Karssen, L.C., Timofeeva, M., Tillin, T., Trbojević-Akmačić, I., Štambuk, T., Rudman, N., Krištić, J., Šimunović, J., Momčilović, A., Vilaj, M., Jurić, J., Slana, A., Gudelj, I., Klarić, T., Puljak, L., Skelin, A., Kadić, A.J., Van Zundert, J., Chaturvedi, N., Campbell, H., Dunlop, M., Farrington, S.M., Doherty, M., Dagostino, C., Gieger, C., Allegri, M., Williams, F., Schulze, M.B., Lauc, G., and Aulchenko, Y.S.
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Genetic Association Study ,Glycosylation ,Locus ,Replication ,Total Plasma N-glycome - Abstract
Human protein glycosylation is a complex process, and its in vivo regulation is poorly understood. Changes in glycosylation patterns are associated with many human diseases and conditions. Understanding the biological determinants of protein glycome provides a basis for future diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) allow to study biology via a hypothesis-free search of loci and genetic variants associated with a trait of interest. Sixteen loci were identified by three previous GWAS of human plasma proteome N-glycosylation. However, the possibility that some of these loci are false positives needs to be eliminated by replication studies, which have been limited so far. Here, we use the largest set of samples so far (4,802 individuals) to replicate the previously identified loci. For all but one locus, the expected replication power exceeded 95%. Of the sixteen loci reported previously, fifteen were replicated in our study. For the remaining locus (near the KREMEN1 gene) the replication power was low, and hence replication results were inconclusive. The very high replication rate highlights the general robustness of the GWAS findings as well as the high standards adopted by the community that studies genetic regulation of protein glycosylation. The fifteen replicated loci present a good target for further functional studies. Among these, eight genes encode glycosyltransferases: MGAT5, B3GAT1, FUT8, FUT6, ST6GAL1, B4GALT1, ST3GAL4, and MGAT3. The remaining seven loci offer starting points for further functional follow-up investigation into molecules and mechanisms that regulate human protein N-glycosylation in vivo.
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- 2021
5. Constraints on microbial metabolism drive evolutionary diversification in homogeneous environments
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GUDELJ, I., BEARDMORE, R. E., ARKIN, S. S., and MACLEAN, R. C.
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- 2007
6. 'Omics' biomarkers associated with chronic low back pain: Protocol of a retrospective longitudinal study
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Allegri, M., De Gregori, M., Minella, C.E., Klersy, C., Wang, W., Sim, M., Gieger, C., Manz, J., Pemberton, I.K., MacDougall, J., Williams, F.M.K., Van Zundert, J., Buyse, K., Lauc, G., Gudelj, I., Primorac, D., Skelin, A., Aulchenko, Y.S., Karssen, L.C., Kapural, L., Rauck, R., and Fanelli, G.
- Abstract
Introduction Chronic low back pain (CLBP) produces considerable direct costs as well as indirect burdens for society, industry and health systems. CLBP is characterised by heterogeneity, inclusion of several pain syndromes, different underlying molecular pathologies and interaction with psychosocial factors that leads to a range of clinical manifestations. There is still much to understand in the underlying pathological processes and the non-psychosocial factors which account for differences in outcomes. Biomarkers that may be objectively used for diagnosis and personalised, targeted and cost-effective treatment are still lacking. Therefore, any data that may be obtained at the-omics' level (glycomics, Activomics and genome-wide association studies-GWAS) may be helpful to use as dynamic biomarkers for elucidating CLBP pathogenesis and may ultimately provide prognostic information too. By means of a retrospective, observational, case-cohort, multicentre study, we aim to investigate new promising biomarkers potentially able to solve some of the issues related to CLBP. Methods and analysis The study follows a two-phase, 1:2 case-control model. A total of 12 000 individuals (4000 cases and 8000 controls) will be enrolled; clinical data will be registered, with particular attention to pain characteristics and outcomes of pain treatments. Blood samples will be collected to perform-omics studies. The primary objective is to recognise genetic variants associated with CLBP; secondary objectives are to study glycomics and Activomics profiles associated with CLBP. Ethics and dissemination The study is part of the PainOMICS project funded by European Community in the Seventh Framework Programme. The study has been approved from competent ethical bodies and copies of approvals were provided to the European Commission before starting the study. Results of the study will be reviewed by the Scientific Board and Ethical Committee of the PainOMICS Consortium. The scientific results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals. Trial registration number NCT02037789; Pre-results.
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- 2016
7. SUN-PP250: Indicators of Malnutrition and the Need for Nutritional Support in Elderly Persons
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Sundov, Z., primary, Sundov, A., additional, Kontic, M., additional, Nincevic, Z., additional, Nincevic, J., additional, Cindro, P.V., additional, Poljak, N., additional, and Gudelj, I., additional
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- 2015
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8. Sarcoidosis and tuberculosis in South Croatia: Are there epidemiological similarities or not?
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Mise, K., Jurcev-Savicevic, A., Goic-Barisic, I., Kozul, K., and Gudelj, I.
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- 2011
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9. Smjernice hrvatskoga pulmoloskog drustva za dijagnosticiranje i lijecenje astme u odraslih
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Tudorić, Neven, Vrbica, Z, Pavičić, Fadila, Korolija-Marinić, D, Fijačko, V, Fistrić, T, Gudelj, I, Kukulj, S, Matanić, D, Miculinić, N, Plavec, Davor, Popić, G, Popović-Grle Sanja, and Turkalj, Mirjana
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education ,astma ,dijagnoza ,health care economics and organizations ,humanities - Abstract
The global use of guidelines for proper diagnosis and management of asthma was worldwide aimed toward obtaining effective control of asthma. Until now, the most often used guidelines in Croatia were the ones issued by the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). Their implementation significantly improved and uniformed the diagnosis and management of asthma at different levels of the national health system. The obtained level of knowledge has enabled the making of local guidelines which acknowledge economic, cultural and even traditional specificities of Croatia. It was supposed that Croatian medical professionals would more effectively use guidelines they actively supported to prepare and which were appropriated to local work environment and medicines available. Therefore, based on current scientific evidence, the Croatian Respiratory Society has prepared Croatian Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Asthma in Adults purposed for wide use among Croatian doctors and other health professionals.
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- 2007
10. Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma in Southern Croatia: Impact of Sensitization to Ambrosia elatior
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Cvitanović S, Ljubo Znaor, Kanceljak-Macan B, Macan J, Gudelj I, and Grbić D
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Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,Croatia ,Statistics, Nonparametric ,Age Distribution ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,Humans ,Sex Distribution ,Probability ,Ambrosia elatior ,airborne pollen ,pollen count ,seasonal allergic rhinitis ,seasonal allergic asthma ,skin prick test ,specific IgE ,pollen allergy ,Incidence ,Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal ,food and beverages ,Clinical Science ,Middle Aged ,Patch Tests ,Prognosis ,Asthma ,Respiratory Function Tests ,respiratory tract diseases ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Pollen ,Female ,Immunization ,Ambrosia - Abstract
Aim. To identify pollen types in southern Croatia and investigate the impact of sensitization to Ambrosia elatior (A.elatior) on symptoms and treatment in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis and/or asthma. Methods. The study recruited 120 patients from Split-Dalmatian County with seasonal rhinitis and asthma symptoms and positive skin prick test to one or more common inhaled allergens. Patients with positive skin prick test and increased specific IgE to A. elatior (N=56) were included in the follow-up study over the A. elatior pollen season. Rhinitis and asthma symptoms were scored and drug treatment recorded using standardized questionnaires. At the same time forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory flow in the first seconds (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF) and eosinophil count in peripheral blood were measured. Type and pollen concentration in the air over the nine-week pollen season of A. elatior were determined on the glass slides using the gravimetric method. The results were expressed as the proportion of A. elatior pollen in the total pollen found. Results. Fifty-six of 120 patients (46.7%) were sensitized to A. elatior. Its proportion in total pollen peaked to 12 % in the first week of September. Forty-one patients who completed the follow-up study showed a significantly higher score of symptoms during this peak period than in the beginning of the pollen season for seasonal allergic rhinitis (median ± ; ; interquartile range, 50± ; 11 vs 7± ; 4 ; P
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- 2007
11. 26 Change of type on lung cancer in last 25 years in Croatia
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Mise, K., primary, Ivancevic, Z., additional, Gudelj, I., additional, Kotarac, S., additional, Bradaric, A., additional, and Svilicic, A., additional
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- 2005
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12. Transmission rates and adaptive evolution of pathogens in sympatric heterogeneous plant populations
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Gudelj, I., primary, van den Bosch, F., additional, and Gilligan, C. A., additional
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- 2004
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13. Spatial heterogeneity, social structure and disease dynamics of animal populations
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Gudelj, I., primary and White, K.A.J., additional
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- 2004
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14. Evolution of Sibling Fungal Plant Pathogens in Relation to Host Specialization
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Gudelj, I., primary, Fitt, B. D. L., additional, and van den Bosch, F., additional
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- 2004
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15. The effects of spatial movement and group interactions on disease dynamics of social animals
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Gudelj, I, primary
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- 2004
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16. Correction: Molecular and Evolutionary Bases of Within-Patient Genotypic and Phenotypic Diversity in Escherichia coli Extraintestinal Infections
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Levert M, Zamfir O, Clermont O, Bouvet O, Lespinats S, Mc, Hipeaux, Branger C, Picard B, Saint-Ruf C, Norel F, Balliau T, Michel Zivy, Le Nagard H, Cruvellier S, Chane-Woon-Ming B, Nilsson S, Gudelj I, Phan K, Ferenci T, and Tenaillon O
17. Microbial adaptation to antibiotic treatment, both in the lab and the clinic
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Wood, E., Beardmore, R., and Gudelj, I.
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Antibiotic resistance ,Antibiotics ,Bacterial death ,Microbial evolution ,Nanopore ,Clinical pathogens - Abstract
Despite the use of antibiotics in modern medicine for nearly a century, there is still much to learn about how bacteria respond and adapt to these commonly used drugs. Furthermore, antibiotic treatments in patients can span weeks or even months, therefore it is crucial to understand how pathogens evolve to antibiotics within the human body over time. This thesis comprises two parts, with the first exploring the impact that antibiotics have on bacterial growth and viability during nutrient starvation through experimental evolution and the second investigating the genomes of multidrug-resistant pathogens acquired from patients suffering with chronic infection. Initially in chapter two we demonstrate how ribosome-targeting antibiotics such as doxycycline and erythromycin can actually be beneficial for Escherichia coli, both through the stimulation of growth and improved long-term viability in an environment starved of nutrients. This is not true for all antibiotics though, as antibiotics with alternative cellular targets (rifampicin and penicillin) do not confer the same benefits. Given that antibiotics are primarily associated with negative impacts on bacterial growth, this is a surprising finding and we sought to identify the mechanism. Whole genome sequencing was performed on doxycycline-exposed populations of E.coli as they went through starvation, as well as the use of a GFP-tagged promoter library to study short-term metabolic changes occurring as nutrients are depleted. Following this, we demonstrate the influence that ribosome production has on long-term viability through the use of E.coli rrn knockout strains. Through doing so, we show that interference with ribosome functioning can improve long-term viability in nutrient starved environments, mirroring the effects of ribosome-targeting antibiotics. Chapter four is dedicated to understanding the effects of genomic background on doxycycline-induced benefits in E.coli. Through the use of the keio library, over 2,500 individual growth curves were generated, consisting of growth data in both the presence and absence of doxycycline. Principle component analysis was subsequently carried out, and groups of strains associated with particular phenotypes were assigned into functional categories. Through doing so we uncover some unexpected phenotypes, for example E.coli knockout strains that are only able to grow in media containing doxycycline. Finally, chapters five and six explore the genomes of pathogenic bacteria during long-term antibiotic treatment. Bacteria evolve resistance towards antibiotics within laboratory experiments in a matter of days, but how do pathogens adapt to repeated antibiotic treatment within the human body? Klebsiella pneumoniae and E.coli isolates spanning 18 and 26 months respectively were acquired from two different patients and characterised through the use of nanopore sequencing and phenotypic studies. Nanopore sequencing allowed the resistomes of these pathogens to be elucidated, as well as genomic variations and structural changes. Whilst the K.pneumoniae isolates were found to be clonal, thereby allowing genomic changes to be tracked over time, the E.coli isolates were found to belong to different clonal groups. Comparative genomics was therefore carried out on these isolates to assess the genomic variability between isolates and determine the genetic basis for antibiotic resistance. In summary, this thesis describes a novel, beneficial effect of ribosome-targeting antibiotics on long-term bacterial viability. Whilst an antibiotic may be effective in the short-term, over long periods it may actually stimulate bacterial growth. This has implications not only on the clinical use of antibiotics, but also on our understanding of natural antibiotic production in the environment. Additionally, this thesis builds upon our knowledge of within-host evolution of pathogens and demonstrates the ability of nanopore sequencing to elucidate resistomes. Alongside phenotypic data, genomics can be a powerful tool in determining the antimicrobial resistance profile of pathogens, particularly in complex clinical cases such as those presented here.
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- 2021
18. Effects of Environmental Factors on Severity and Mortality of COVID-19
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Domagoj Kifer, Dario Bugada, Judit Villar-Garcia, Ivan Gudelj, Cristina Menni, Carole Sudre, Frano Vučković, Ivo Ugrina, Luca F. Lorini, Margarita Posso, Silvia Bettinelli, Nicola Ughi, Alessandro Maloberti, Oscar Epis, Cristina Giannattasio, Claudio Rossetti, Livije Kalogjera, Jasminka Peršec, Luke Ollivere, Benjamin J. Ollivere, Huadong Yan, Ting Cai, Guruprasad P. Aithal, Claire J. Steves, Anu Kantele, Mikael Kajova, Olli Vapalahti, Antti Sajantila, Rafal Wojtowicz, Waldemar Wierzba, Zbigniew Krol, Artur Zaczynski, Katarina Zycinska, Marek Postula, Ivica Lukšić, Rok Čivljak, Alemka Markotić, Johannes Brachmann, Andreas Markl, Christian Mahnkopf, Benjamin Murray, Sebastien Ourselin, Ana M. Valdes, Juan P. Horcajada, Xavier Castells, Julio Pascual, Massimo Allegri, Dragan Primorac, Tim D. Spector, Clara Barrios, Gordan Lauc, Kifer, D, Bugada, D, Villar-Garcia, J, Gudelj, I, Menni, C, Sudre, C, Vuckovic, F, Ugrina, I, Lorini, L, Posso, M, Bettinelli, S, Ughi, N, Maloberti, A, Epis, O, Giannattasio, C, Rossetti, C, Kalogjera, L, Persec, J, Ollivere, L, Ollivere, B, Yan, H, Cai, T, Aithal, G, Steves, C, Kantele, A, Kajova, M, Vapalahti, O, Sajantila, A, Wojtowicz, R, Wierzba, W, Krol, Z, Zaczynski, A, Zycinska, K, Postula, M, Luksic, I, Civljak, R, Markotic, A, Brachmann, J, Markl, A, Mahnkopf, C, Murray, B, Ourselin, S, Valdes, A, Horcajada, J, Castells, X, Pascual, J, Allegri, M, Primorac, D, Spector, T, Barrios, C, Lauc, G, Department of Medicine, HUS Inflammation Center, Department of Virology, Veterinary Biosciences, Helsinki One Health (HOH), Olli Pekka Vapalahti / Principal Investigator, Viral Zoonosis Research Unit, Veterinary Microbiology and Epidemiology, HUSLAB, Department of Forensic Medicine, and PaleOmics Laboratory
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medicine.medical_specialty ,BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Clinical Medical Sciences ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Disease ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Disease severity ,mucin ,law ,Internal medicine ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,030304 developmental biology ,Original Research ,11832 Microbiology and virology ,Mechanical ventilation ,0303 health sciences ,lcsh:R5-920 ,business.industry ,seasonality ,COVID-19 ,humidity ,mortality ,mucins ,BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Kliničke medicinske znanosti ,Disease progression ,General Medicine ,Odds ratio ,Intensive care unit ,3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health ,3. Good health ,3111 Biomedicine ,business ,lcsh:Medicine (General) - Abstract
Most respiratory viruses show pronounced seasonality, but for SARS-CoV-2, this still needs to be documented. We examined the disease progression of COVID-19 in 6,914 patients admitted to hospitals in Europe and China. In addition, we evaluated progress of disease symptoms in 37,187 individuals reporting symptoms into the COVID Symptom Study application. Meta-analysis of the mortality risk in seven European hospitals estimated odds ratios per 1-day increase in the admission date to be 0.981 (0.973–0.988, < 0.001) and per increase in ambient temperature of 1°C to be 0.854 (0.773–0.944, = 0.007). Statistically significant decreases of comparable magnitude in median hospital stay, probability of transfer to the intensive care unit, and need for mechanical ventilation were also observed in most, but not all hospitals. The analysis of individually reported symptoms of 37,187 individuals in the UK also showed the decrease in symptom duration and disease severity with time. Severity of COVID-19 in Europe decreased significantly between March and May and the seasonality of COVID-19 is the most likely explanation.
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- 2021
19. Experimental evolution of yeast shows that public-goods upregulation can evolve despite challenges from exploitative non-producers.
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Lindsay RJ, Holder PJ, Hewlett M, and Gudelj I
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- Sucrose metabolism, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins metabolism, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins genetics, Biological Evolution, Hexoses metabolism, Up-Regulation, Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal, Saccharomyces cerevisiae genetics, Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolism, beta-Fructofuranosidase metabolism, beta-Fructofuranosidase genetics
- Abstract
Microbial secretions, such as metabolic enzymes, are often considered to be cooperative public goods as they are costly to produce but can be exploited by others. They create incentives for the evolution of non-producers, which can drive producer and population productivity declines. In response, producers can adjust production levels. Past studies suggest that while producers lower production to reduce costs and exploitation opportunities when under strong selection pressure from non-producers, they overproduce secretions when these pressures are weak. We challenge the universality of this trend with the production of a metabolic enzyme, invertase, by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which catalyses sucrose hydrolysis into two hexose molecules. Contrary to past studies, overproducers evolve during evolutionary experiments even when under strong selection pressure from non-producers. Phenotypic and competition assays with a collection of synthetic strains - engineered to have modified metabolic attributes - identify two mechanisms for suppressing the benefits of invertase to those who exploit it. Invertase overproduction increases extracellular hexose concentrations that suppresses the metabolic efficiency of competitors, due to the rate-efficiency trade-off, and also enhances overproducers' hexose capture rate by inducing transporter expression. Thus, overproducers are maintained in the environment originally thought to not support public goods production., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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20. Bacterial resistance response and resource availability mediate viral coexistence.
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Butt L, Meyer JR, Lindsay RJ, Beardmore RE, and Gudelj I
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- Host Specificity, Bacteria genetics, Bacteriophages genetics
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Viruses that infect bacteria, known as bacteriophages or phages, are the most prevalent entities on Earth. Their genetic diversity in nature is well documented, and members of divergent lineages can be found sharing the same ecological niche. This viral diversity can be influenced by a number of factors, including productivity, spatial structuring of the environment, and host-range trade-offs. Rapid evolution is also known to promote diversity by buffering ecological systems from extinction. There is, however, little known about the impact of coevolution on the maintenance of viral diversity within a microbial community. To address this, we developed a 4 species experimental system where two bacterial hosts, a generalist and a specialist phage, coevolved in a spatially homogenous environment over time. We observed the persistence of both viruses if the resource availability was sufficiently high. This coexistence occurred in the absence of any detectable host-range trade-offs that are costly for generalists and thus known to promote viral diversity. However, the coexistence was lost if two bacteria were not permitted to evolve alongside the phages or if two phages coevolved with a single bacterial host. Our findings indicate that a host's resistance response in mixed-species communities plays a significant role in maintaining viral diversity in the environment., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Evolutionary Biology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
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- 2024
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21. N-Glycosylation Profiles of Immunoglobulin G and Future Cardiovascular Events.
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Hoshi RA, Plavša B, Liu Y, Trbojević-Akmačić I, Glynn RJ, Ridker PM, Cummings RD, Gudelj I, Lauc G, Demler OV, and Mora S
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- Humans, Immunoglobulin G, Glycosylation, Case-Control Studies, Polysaccharides, Cardiovascular Diseases diagnosis, Cardiovascular Diseases epidemiology, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
- Abstract
Background: Posttranslational glycosylation of IgG can modulate its inflammatory capacity through structural variations. We examined the association of baseline IgG N-glycans and an IgG glycan score with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD)., Methods: IgG N-glycans were measured in 2 nested CVD case-control studies: JUPITER (Justification for the Use of Statins in Prevention: an Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin; NCT00239681; primary prevention; discovery; Npairs=162); and TNT trial (Treating to New Targets; NCT00327691; secondary prevention; validation; Npairs=397). Using conditional logistic regression, we investigated the association of future CVD with baseline IgG N-glycans and a glycan score adjusting for clinical risk factors (statin treatment, age, sex, race, lipids, hypertension, and smoking) in JUPITER. Significant associations were validated in TNT, using a similar model further adjusted for diabetes. Using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression, an IgG glycan score was derived in JUPITER as a linear combination of selected IgG N-glycans., Results: Six IgG N-glycans were associated with CVD in both studies: an agalactosylated glycan (IgG-GP4) was positively associated, while 3 digalactosylated glycans (IgG glycan peaks 12, 13, 14) and 2 monosialylated glycans (IgG glycan peaks 18, 20) were negatively associated with CVD after multiple testing correction (overall false discovery rate <0.05). Four selected IgG N-glycans comprised the IgG glycan score, which was associated with CVD in JUPITER (adjusted hazard ratio per glycan score SD, 2.08 [95% CI, 1.52-2.84]) and validated in TNT (adjusted hazard ratio per SD, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.03-1.39]). The area under the curve changed from 0.693 for the model without the score to 0.728 with the score in JUPITER (PLRT=1.1×10
-6 ) and from 0.635 to 0.637 in TNT (PLRT=0.017)., Conclusions: An IgG N-glycan profile was associated with incident CVD in 2 populations (primary and secondary prevention), involving an agalactosylated glycan associated with increased risk of CVD, while several digalactosylated and sialylated IgG glycans associated with decreased risk. An IgG glycan score was positively associated with future CVD., Competing Interests: Disclosures R.A. Hoshi, G. Lauc, O.V. Demler, S. Mora, and B. Plavša are co-inventors on a patent application for a Method for prediction of future cardiovascular disease risk via analysis of IgG glycome assigned to GENOS d.o.o. and the Brigham and Women’s Hospital Inc. O.V. Demler received support from Kowa, not related to the current work. S. Mora has served as consultant to Pfizer for work outside the current study. G. Lauc is the founder and chief executive officer of Genos Ltd, a private research organization that specializes in high-throughput glycomics analysis and has several patents in this field. I. Trbojević-Akmačić and Ivan Gudelj are employees of Genos Ltd. P.M. Ridker received past investigator-initiated research grant support from AstraZeneca to conduct the JUPITER (Justification for the Use of Statins in Prevention: an Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin) and has current investigator-initiated research grant support from Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Kowa, Amarin, Pfizer, Esperion, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bristol Myers Squibb, and Operation Warp Speed; served as a consultant to Novartis, Flame, Agepha, Ardelyx, AstraZeneca, Janssen, Civi Biopharm, Glaxo Smith Kline, Socar, Novo Nordisk, Health Outlook, Montai Health, Eli Lilly, New Amsterdam, Boehringer-Ingelheim, RTI, Cytokinetics, Horizon Therapeutics, and Cardio Therapeutics; has minority shareholder equity positions in Uppton, Bitteroot Bio, and Angiowave; received nonmonetary research support from the Pfizer Bristol Myers Squibb Alliance and from Quidel Inc. to conduct federally funded COVID-19 research; and receives compensation for service on the Peter Munk Advisory Board (University of Toronto), the Leducq Foundation, Paris France, and the Baim Institute (Boston, MA). The other authors report no conflicts.- Published
- 2024
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22. Mapping of the gene network that regulates glycan clock of ageing.
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Frkatović-Hodžić A, Mijakovac A, Miškec K, Nostaeva A, Sharapov SZ, Landini A, Haller T, Akker EVD, Sharma S, Cuadrat RRC, Mangino M, Li Y, Keser T, Rudman N, Štambuk T, Pučić-Baković M, Trbojević-Akmačić I, Gudelj I, Štambuk J, Pribić T, Radovani B, Tominac P, Fischer K, Beekman M, Wuhrer M, Gieger C, Schulze MB, Wittenbecher C, Polasek O, Hayward C, Wilson JF, Spector TD, Köttgen A, Vučković F, Aulchenko YS, Vojta A, Krištić J, Klarić L, Zoldoš V, and Lauc G
- Subjects
- Gene Regulatory Networks, Immunoglobulin G genetics, Polysaccharides metabolism, Genome-Wide Association Study, Galactose
- Abstract
Glycans are an essential structural component of immunoglobulin G (IgG) that modulate its structure and function. However, regulatory mechanisms behind this complex posttranslational modification are not well known. Previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified 29 genomic regions involved in regulation of IgG glycosylation, but only a few were functionally validated. One of the key functional features of IgG glycosylation is the addition of galactose (galactosylation), a trait which was shown to be associated with ageing. We performed GWAS of IgG galactosylation (N=13,705) and identified 16 significantly associated loci, indicating that IgG galactosylation is regulated by a complex network of genes that extends beyond the galactosyltransferase enzyme that adds galactose to IgG glycans. Gene prioritization identified 37 candidate genes. Using a recently developed CRISPR/dCas9 system we manipulated gene expression of candidate genes in the in vitro IgG expression system. Upregulation of three genes, EEF1A1, MANBA and TNFRSF13B , changed the IgG glycome composition, which confirmed that these three genes are involved in IgG galactosylation in this in vitro expression system.
- Published
- 2023
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23. Breathlessness and "exacerbation" questions predictive for incident COPD (MARKO study): data after two years of follow-up.
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Vrbica Ž, Steiner J, Labor M, Gudelj I, and Plavec D
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- Female, Humans, Male, Follow-Up Studies, Respiratory System, Dyspnea diagnosis, C-Reactive Protein, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive diagnosis
- Abstract
Aims: To determine the predictability of the MARKO questionnaire and/or its domains, individually or in combination with other markers and characteristics (age, gender, smoking history, lung function, 6-min walk test (6 MWT), exhaled breath temperature (EBT), and hsCRP for the incident chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in subjects at risk over 2 years follow-up period)., Participants and Methods: Patients, smokers/ex-smokers with >20 pack-years, aged 40-65 years of both sexes were recruited and followed for 2 years. After recruitment and signing the informed consent at the GP, a detailed diagnostic workout was done by the pulmonologist; they completed three self-assessment questionnaires-MARKO, SGRQ and CAT, detailed history and physical, laboratory (CBC, hsCRP), lung function tests with bronchodilator and EBT. At the 2 year follow-up visit they performed: the same three self-assessment questionnaires, history and physical, lung function tests and EBT., Results: A sample of 320 subjects (41.9% male), mean (SD) age 51.9 (7.4) years with 36.4 (17.4) pack-years of smoking was reassessed after 2.1 years. Exploratory factor analysis of MARKO questionnaire isolated three distinct domains (breathlessness and fatigue, "exacerbations", cough and expectorations). We have determined a rate for incident COPD that was 4.911/100 person-years (95% CI [3.436-6.816]). We found out that questions about breathlessness and "exacerbations", and male sex were predictive of incident COPD after two years follow-up (AUC 0.79, 95% CI [0.74-0.84], p < 0.001). When only active smokers were analyzed a change in EBT after a cigarette (ΔEBT) was added to a previous model (AUC 0.83, 95% CI [0.78-0.88], p < 0.001)., Conclusion: Our preliminary data shows that the MARKO questionnaire combined with EBT (change after a cigarette smoke) could potentially serve as early markers of future COPD in smokers., Competing Interests: Plavec Davor is an Academic Editor for PeerJ. Plavec Davor is employed by Prima Nova, a private health institution. The authors declare that they do not have any other competing interests., (© 2023 Vrbica et al.)
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- 2023
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24. Human-specific features and developmental dynamics of the brain N-glycome.
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Klarić TS, Gudelj I, Santpere G, Novokmet M, Vučković F, Ma S, Doll HM, Risgaard R, Bathla S, Karger A, Nairn AC, Luria V, Bečeheli I, Sherwood CC, Ely JJ, Hof PR, Sousa AMM, Josić D, Lauc G, and Sestan N
- Subjects
- Adult, Humans, Rats, Animals, Glycosylation, Mass Spectrometry, Brain
- Abstract
Comparative "omics" studies have revealed unique aspects of human neurobiology, yet an evolutionary perspective of the brain N-glycome is lacking. We performed multiregional characterization of rat, macaque, chimpanzee, and human brain N-glycomes using chromatography and mass spectrometry and then integrated these data with complementary glycotranscriptomic data. We found that, in primates, the brain N-glycome has diverged more rapidly than the underlying transcriptomic framework, providing a means for rapidly generating additional interspecies diversity. Our data suggest that brain N-glycome evolution in hominids has been characterized by an overall increase in complexity coupled with a shift toward increased usage of α(2-6)-linked N -acetylneuraminic acid. Moreover, interspecies differences in the cell type expression pattern of key glycogenes were identified, including some human-specific differences, which may underpin this evolutionary divergence. Last, by comparing the prenatal and adult human brain N-glycomes, we uncovered region-specific neurodevelopmental pathways that lead to distinct spatial N-glycosylation profiles in the mature brain.
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- 2023
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25. Storage stability and HILIC-UHPLC-FLR analysis of immunoglobulin G N-glycome from saliva.
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Radovani B, Lauc G, and Gudelj I
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- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Polysaccharides, Biomarkers, Immunoglobulin A, Secretory, Immunoglobulin G chemistry, Saliva
- Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the most abundant antibody in the blood and plays a critical role in host immune defense against infectious agents. Glycosylation is known to modulate the effector functions of IgG and is involved in disease development and progression. It is no surprise that the N-glycome of IgG from plasma has already been proposed as a biomarker for various physiological and pathological conditions. However, because saliva is easy to collect, it could be useful for exploring the functional role of salivary IgG N-glycosylation and its potential as a diagnostic biomarker. Therefore, in this study, we described a method for N-glycome analysis of IgG from saliva samples. Salivary IgG N-glycans were analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography based on hydrophilic interactions with fluorescence detection (HILIC-UHPLC-FLR). In addition, we compared IgG N-glycan profiles from saliva with those from plasma, assessed the stability of salivary IgG N-glycan profiles under different storage conditions, and evaluated the effects of using a saliva preservation medium. This study provides an ultrasensitive UHPLC method for the analysis of total IgG N-glycosylation from saliva, gives insight into storage stability of salivary IgG, and highlights its (dis)advantages for further biomarker-related research., (© 2023. Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2023
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26. Higher MRI lesion load in multiple sclerosis is related to the N-glycosylation changes of cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulin G.
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Turčić A, Radovani B, Vogrinc Ž, Habek M, Rogić D, Gabelić T, Zaninović L, Lauc G, and Gudelj I
- Subjects
- Humans, Glycosylation, Cross-Sectional Studies, Biomarkers cerebrospinal fluid, Immunoglobulin G, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Inflammation complications, Polysaccharides, Multiple Sclerosis diagnosis
- Abstract
Background: Intrathecal clonal expansion of antibody-producing plasma cells in multiple sclerosis (MS) perpetuates central nervous system injury and is associated with active demyelination. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) effector functions are modulated by linked N-glycan structures. The aim of the study was to detect potential differences in N-glycosylation of IgG in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and total sera proteins between people with MS and those in whom the diagnosis of MS was excluded. Furthermore, we investigated the association with standard laboratory biomarkers of intrathecal inflammation as well as clinical and neuroradiological disease activity., Methods: This cross-sectional study included patients with suspected demyelinating disease. MS diagnosis was based on the 2017 McDonald criteria and controls were patients with excluded MS diagnosis. N-glycans were compared with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers of disease activity and biomarkers of intrathecal inflammation (cell count, CSF-IgG concentration, percentage of intrathecal IgG, oligoclonal bands (OCB), virus-specific antibody index (MRZH reaction))., Results: Differences between groups were observed only in the CSF-IgG N-glycome. In MS, the presence of bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (Padj=2.63E-05) and monogalactosylation (Padj=1.49E-06) were more abundant and associated with positive OCBs. N-glycans monogalactosylated at the α6 arm FA2[6]G1 (r = 0.56) and FA2[6]BG1 (r = 0.45) correlated with percentage of intrathecal IgG, but not total CSF-IgG. This trait was also more abundant in MRZH positive people with MS who had higher MRI lesion load (P = 0.018) but unrelated to active lesions or EDSS., Conclusions: More abundant monogalactosylation of intrathecally synthesized IgG is the most prominent trait in MS and is associated with higher MRI lesion load., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest M.H. participated as a clinical investigator and/or received consultation and/or speaker fees from: Biogen, Sanofi Genzyme, Merck, Bayer, Novartis, Pliva/Teva, Roche, Alvogen, Actelion, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, TG Pharmaceuticals. T.G. participated as a clinical investigator and/or received consultation and/or speaker fees from: Biogen, Sanofi Genzyme, Merck, Bayer, Novartis, Pliva/Teva, Roche, Alvogen, Actelion, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, TG Pharmaceuticals. G.L. declares that he is the founder and owner of Genos Glycoscience Ltd., which offers commercial service of glycomic analysis and has several patents in this field. I.G. is an employee of Genos Glycoscience Ltd. The other authors declare that there is no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
- Published
- 2023
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27. Ribosome-binding antibiotics increase bacterial longevity and growth efficiency.
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Wood E, Schulenburg H, Rosenstiel P, Bergmiller T, Ankrett D, Gudelj I, and Beardmore R
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- Doxycycline pharmacology, Escherichia coli, Ribosomes, Humans, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Bacteria
- Abstract
Antibiotics, by definition, reduce bacterial growth rates in optimal culture conditions; however, the real-world environments bacteria inhabit see rapid growth punctuated by periods of low nutrient availability. How antibiotics mediate population decline during these periods is poorly understood. Bacteria cannot optimize for all environmental conditions because a growth-longevity tradeoff predicts faster growth results in faster population decline, and since bacteriostatic antibiotics slow growth, they should also mediate longevity. We quantify how antibiotics, their targets, and resistance mechanisms influence longevity using populations of Escherichia coli and, as the tradeoff predicts, populations are maintained for longer if they encounter ribosome-binding antibiotics doxycycline and erythromycin, a finding that is not observed using antibiotics with alternative cellular targets. This tradeoff also predicts resistance mechanisms that increase growth rates during antibiotic treatment could be detrimental during nutrient stresses, and indeed, we find resistance by ribosomal protection removes benefits to longevity provided by doxycycline. We therefore liken ribosomal protection to a "Trojan horse" because it provides protection from an antibiotic but, during nutrient stresses, it promotes the demise of the bacteria. Seeking mechanisms to support these observations, we show doxycycline promotes efficient metabolism and reduces the concentration of reactive oxygen species. Seeking generality, we sought another mechanism that affects longevity and we found the number of doxycycline targets, namely, the ribosomal RNA operons, mediates growth and longevity even without antibiotics. We conclude that slow growth, as observed during antibiotic treatment, can help bacteria overcome later periods of nutrient stress.
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- 2023
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28. Metabolic efficiency reshapes the seminal relationship between pathogen growth rate and virulence.
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Lindsay RJ, Holder PJ, Talbot NJ, and Gudelj I
- Subjects
- Virulence, Biological Evolution
- Abstract
A cornerstone of classical virulence evolution theories is the assumption that pathogen growth rate is positively correlated with virulence, the amount of damage pathogens inflict on their hosts. Such theories are key for incorporating evolutionary principles into sustainable disease management strategies. Yet, empirical evidence raises doubts over this central assumption underpinning classical theories, thus undermining their generality and predictive power. In this paper, we identify a key component missing from current theories which redefines the growth-virulence relationship in a way that is consistent with data. By modifying the activity of a single metabolic gene, we engineered strains of Magnaporthe oryzae with different nutrient acquisition and growth rates. We conducted in planta infection studies and uncovered an unexpected non-monotonic relationship between growth rate and virulence that is jointly shaped by how growth rate and metabolic efficiency interact. This novel mechanistic framework paves the way for a much-needed new suite of virulence evolution theories., (© 2023 The Authors. Ecology Letters published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2023
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29. Canonical Host-Pathogen Trade-Offs Subverted by Mutations with Dual Benefits.
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Beardmore R, Hewlett M, Peña-Miller R, Gudelj I, and Meyer JR
- Subjects
- Mutation, Phenotype, Host Specificity, Biological Evolution, Escherichia coli genetics, Bacteriophages genetics
- Abstract
AbstractHost-parasite coevolution is expected to drive the evolution of genetic diversity because the traits used in arms races-namely, host range and parasite resistance-are hypothesized to trade off with traits used in resource competition. We therefore tested data for several trade-offs among 93 isolates of bacteriophage λ and 51 Escherichia coli genotypes that coevolved during a laboratory experiment. Surprisingly, we found multiple trade-ups (positive trait correlations) but little evidence of several canonical trade-offs. For example, some bacterial genotypes evaded a trade-off between phage resistance and absolute fitness, instead evolving simultaneous improvements in both traits. This was surprising because our experimental design was predicted to expose resistance-fitness trade-offs by culturing E. coli in a medium where the phage receptor, LamB, is also used for nutrient acquisition. On reflection, LamB mediates not one but many trade-offs, allowing for more complex trait interactions than just pairwise trade-offs. Here, we report that mathematical reasoning and laboratory data highlight how trade-ups should exist whenever an evolutionary system exhibits multiple interacting trade-offs. Does this mean that coevolution should not promote genetic diversity? No, quite the contrary. We deduce that whenever positive trait correlations are observed in multidimensional traits, other traits may trade off and so provide the right circumstances for diversity maintenance. Overall, this study reveals that there are predictive limits when data account only for pairwise trait correlations, and it argues that a wider range of circumstances than previously anticipated can promote genetic and species diversity.
- Published
- 2023
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30. The N -Glycosylation of Total Plasma Proteins and IgG in Atrial Fibrillation.
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Plavša B, Szavits-Nossan J, Blivajs A, Rapčan B, Radovani B, Šesto I, Štambuk K, Mustapić V, Đerek L, Rudan D, Lauc G, and Gudelj I
- Subjects
- Humans, Glycosylation, Biomarkers metabolism, Blood Proteins metabolism, Polysaccharides metabolism, Immunoglobulin G, Atrial Fibrillation
- Abstract
Atrial fibrillation is a disease with a complex pathophysiology, whose occurrence and persistence are caused not only by aberrant electrical signaling in the heart, but by the development of a susceptible heart substrate. These changes, such as the accumulation of adipose tissue and interstitial fibrosis, are characterized by the presence of inflammation. N -glycans have shown great promise as biomarkers in different diseases, specifically those involving inflammatory changes. To assess the changes in the N -glycosylation of the plasma proteins and IgG in atrial fibrillation, we analyzed the N -glycosylation of 172 patients with atrial fibrillation, before and six months after a pulmonary vein isolation procedure, with 54 cardiovascularly healthy controls. An analysis was performed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography. We found one oligomannose N -glycan structure from the plasma N -glycome and six IgG N -glycans, mainly revolving around the presence of bisecting N -acetylglucosamine, that were significantly different between the case and control groups. In addition, four plasma N -glycans, mostly oligomannose structures and a derived trait that was related to them, were found to be different in the patients who experienced an atrial fibrillation recurrence during the six-month follow-up. IgG N -glycosylation was extensively associated with the CHA
2 DS2 -VASc score, confirming its previously reported associations with the conditions that make up the score. This is the first study looking at the N -glycosylation patterns in atrial fibrillation and warrants further investigation into the prospect of glycans as biomarkers for atrial fibrillation.- Published
- 2023
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31. Analysis of Pneumocystis Transcription Factor Evolution and Implications for Biology and Lifestyle.
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Ames R, Brown AJP, Gudelj I, and Nev OA
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- Humans, Phylogeny, Transcription Factors genetics, Transcription Factors metabolism, Genomics, Life Style, Pneumocystis genetics, Pneumonia, Pneumocystis microbiology, Pneumocystis carinii genetics
- Abstract
Pneumocystis jirovecii kills hundreds of thousands of immunocompromised patients each year. Yet many aspects of the biology of this obligate pathogen remain obscure because it is not possible to culture the fungus in vitro independently of its host. Consequently, our understanding of Pneumocystis pathobiology is heavily reliant upon bioinformatic inferences. We have exploited a powerful combination of genomic and phylogenetic approaches to examine the evolution of transcription factors in Pneumocystis species. We selected protein families (Pfam families) that correspond to transcriptional regulators and used bioinformatic approaches to compare these families in the seven Pneumocystis species that have been sequenced to date with those from other yeasts, other human and plant pathogens, and other obligate parasites. Some Pfam families of transcription factors have undergone significant reduction during their evolution in the Pneumocystis genus, and other Pfam families have been lost or appear to be in the process of being lost. Meanwhile, other transcription factor families have been retained in Pneumocystis species, and some even appear to have undergone expansion. On this basis, Pneumocystis species seem to have retained transcriptional regulators that control chromosome maintenance, ribosomal gene regulation, RNA processing and modification, and respiration. Meanwhile, regulators that promote the assimilation of alternative carbon sources, amino acid, lipid, and sterol biosynthesis, and iron sensing and homeostasis appear to have been lost. Our analyses of transcription factor retention, loss, and gain provide important insights into the biology and lifestyle of Pneumocystis. IMPORTANCE Pneumocystis jirovecii is a major fungal pathogen of humans that infects healthy individuals, colonizing the lungs of infants. In immunocompromised and transplant patients, this fungus causes life-threatening pneumonia, and these Pneumocystis infections remain among the most common and serious infections in HIV/AIDS patients. Yet we remain remarkably ignorant about the biology and epidemiology of Pneumocystis due to the inability to culture this fungus in vitro . Our analyses of transcription factor retentions, losses, and gains in sequenced Pneumocystis species provide valuable new views of their specialized biology, suggesting the retention of many metabolic and stress regulators and the loss of others that are essential in free-living fungi. Given the lack of in vitro culture methods for Pneumocystis, this powerful bioinformatic approach has advanced our understanding of the lifestyle of P. jirovecii and the nature of its dependence on the host for survival.
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- 2023
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32. IgG N-Glycosylation Is Altered in Coronary Artery Disease.
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Radovani B, Vučković F, Maggioni AP, Ferrannini E, Lauc G, and Gudelj I
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Glycosylation, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Polysaccharides chemistry, Immunoglobulin G chemistry, Coronary Artery Disease
- Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common cardiovascular disease (CVD), and previous studies have shown a significant association between N-glycosylation, a highly regulated posttranslational modification, and the development of atherosclerotic plaques. Our aim was to determine whether the N-glycome of immunoglobulin G (IgG) is associated with CAD, as N-glycans are known to alter the effector functions of IgG, which may enhance the inflammatory response in CAD. Therefore, in this study, we isolated IgG from subjects with coronary atherosclerosis (CAD+) and from subjects with clean coronaries (CAD-). The purified IgGs were denatured and enzymatically deglycosylated, and the released and fluorescently labelled N-glycans were analysed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography based on hydrophilic interactions with fluorescence detection (HILIC-UHPLC-FLR). Sex-stratified analysis of 316 CAD- and 156 CAD+ cases revealed differences in IgG N-glycome composition. The most notable differences were observed in women, where the presence of sialylated N-glycan structures was negatively associated with CAD. The obtained chromatograms provide insight into the IgG N-glycome composition in CAD as well as the biomarker potential of IgG N-glycans in CAD.
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- 2023
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33. Susceptibility of Human Plasma N-glycome to Low-Calorie and Different Weight-Maintenance Diets.
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Deriš H, Tominac P, Vučković F, Astrup A, Blaak EE, Lauc G, and Gudelj I
- Subjects
- Humans, Caloric Restriction, Diet, Polysaccharides, Weight Loss, Energy Intake
- Abstract
Aberrant plasma protein glycosylation is associated with a wide range of diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular, and immunological disorders. To investigate plasma protein glycosylation alterations due to weight loss and successive weight-maintenance diets, 1850 glycomes from participants of the Diogenes study were analyzed using Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC). The Diogenes study is a large dietary intervention study in which participants were subjected to a low-calorie diet (LCD) followed by one of five different weight-maintenance diets in a period of 6 months. The most notable alterations of the plasma glycome were 8 weeks after the subjects engaged in the LCD; a significant increase in low-branched glycan structures, accompanied by a decrease in high-branched glycan structures. After the LCD period, there was also a significant rise in N-glycan structures with antennary fucose. Interestingly, we did not observe significant changes between different diets, and almost all effects we observed immediately after the LCD period were annulled during the weight-maintenance diets period.
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- 2022
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34. Effects of low-calorie and different weight-maintenance diets on IgG glycome composition.
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Deriš H, Tominac P, Vučković F, Briški N, Astrup A, Blaak EE, Lauc G, and Gudelj I
- Subjects
- Diet, Humans, Obesity, Polysaccharides, Weight Loss, Energy Intake, Immunoglobulin G
- Abstract
Obesity-induced inflammation activates the adaptive immune system by altering immunoglobulin G (IgG) glycosylation in a way to produce more proinflammatory antibodies. The IgG glycome has already been well studied, and its alterations are correlated with a high body mass index (BMI) and central adiposity. Still, the IgG N-glycome susceptibility to different dietary regimes for weight control after the initial weight loss has not been studied. To explore changes in IgG glycosylation induced by weight loss and subsequent weight-maintenance diets, we analyzed 1,850 IgG glycomes from subjects in a dietary intervention Diogenes study. In this study, participants followed a low-calorie diet (LCD) providing 800 kcal/d for 8 weeks, followed by one of five weight-maintenance diets over a 6-month period. The most significant alteration of the IgG N-glycome was present 8 weeks after the subjects underwent an LCD, a statistically significant decrease of agalactosylated and the increase of sialylated N glycans. In the follow-up period, the increase in glycans with bisecting GlcNAc and the decrease in sialylated glycans were observed. Those changes were present regardless of the diet type, and we did not observe significant changes between different diets. However, it should be noted that in all five diet groups, there were individuals who prominently altered their IgG glycome composition in either proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory directions., Competing Interests: GL is the founder and owner and HD, PT, FV and IG are employees of Genos Ltd, a company that specializes in high-throughput glycomics and has several patents in this field. Author AA was employed by The Novo Nordisk Foundation. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Deriš, Tominac, Vučković, Briški, Astrup, Blaak, Lauc and Gudelj.)
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- 2022
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35. Differences in Immunoglobulin G Glycosylation Between Influenza and COVID-19 Patients.
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Kljaković-Gašpić Batinjan M, Petrović T, Vučković F, Hadžibegović I, Radovani B, Jurin I, Đerek L, Huljev E, Markotić A, Lukšić I, Trbojević-Akmačić I, Lauc G, Gudelj I, and Čivljak R
- Abstract
The essential role of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in immune system regulation and combatting infectious diseases cannot be fully recognized without an understanding of the changes in its N -glycans attached to the asparagine 297 of the Fc domain that occur under such circumstances. These glycans impact the antibody stability, half-life, secretion, immunogenicity, and effector functions. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed and compared the total IgG glycome-at the level of individual glycan structures and derived glycosylation traits (sialylation, galactosylation, fucosylation, and bisecting N -acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc))-of 64 patients with influenza, 77 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and 56 healthy controls. Our study revealed a significant decrease in IgG galactosylation, sialylation, and bisecting GlcNAc (where the latter shows the most significant decrease) in deceased COVID-19 patients, whereas IgG fucosylation was increased. On the other hand, IgG galactosylation remained stable in influenza patients and COVID-19 survivors. IgG glycosylation in influenza patients was more time-dependent: In the first seven days of the disease, sialylation increased and fucosylation and bisecting GlcNAc decreased; in the next 21 days, sialylation decreased and fucosylation increased (while bisecting GlcNAc remained stable). The similarity of IgG glycosylation changes in COVID-19 survivors and influenza patients may be the consequence of an adequate immune response to enveloped viruses, while the observed changes in deceased COVID-19 patients may indicate its deviation., (© 2022 THE AUTHORS. Published by Elsevier LTD on behalf of Chinese Academy of Engineering and Higher Education Press Limited Company.)
- Published
- 2022
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36. TEN-YEAR FOLLOW-UP OF QUALITY IN REGIONAL ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA IN OBSTETRICS OBSTETRIC REGIONAL ANESTHESIA: IMPROVING QUALITY.
- Author
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Brkić Gudelj I, Šklebar I, and Habek D
- Subjects
- Pregnancy, Female, Humans, Cesarean Section, Follow-Up Studies, Headache, Anesthesia, Obstetrical adverse effects, Analgesia, Epidural adverse effects, Post-Dural Puncture Headache epidemiology, Post-Dural Puncture Headache etiology, Post-Dural Puncture Headache therapy, Anesthesia, Spinal adverse effects
- Abstract
Introduction: Quality assessment of provided healthcare is becoming a standard in numerous health institutions worldwide, which is beneficial for both the patient and the institution. In order to achieve this standard, it is necessary to develop quality indicators in all segments of healthcare. Postdural puncture headache is a common complication following neuraxial blocks, especially in obstetric anesthesia. If severe, it is a cause of emotional and psychological distress and must be treated by a blood patch., Aim: The aim of this study was to determine whether the number of these complications is reduced when blood patch frequency is monitored and analyzed and to assess the effect of countermeasures in order to improve the quality and safety of regional anesthesia in obstetrics., Methods: Before 2009 and during that year at the University Hospital Sveti Duh, there had been a large number of severe postdural puncture headaches after spinal anesthesia and epidural analgesia treated by a blood patch in 6.12% of cases. After noticing the rising number of blood patches, we decided to analyses data every year. We recorded all blood patches injected to obstetric patients within the period of nine year, from 2009 to 2018 and concurrently we introduced a set of measures to improve the quality of neuraxial blocks, such as the use of atraumatic 26 or 27-gauge pencil-point spinal needles and modern neuraxial blockade protocols. Data were collected from anesthesiology and gynecology protocols and analyzed with MedCalc software, version 18.1.2., Results: The frequency of blood patch applications has been reduced from 6.12% to 0.30%, which is statistically significant. The percentage of placed epidural catheters for vaginal birth increased from 21% in 2009 to 38% in 2018. Although not statistically significant, the number of pregnant women undergoing a caesarean section is also growing, while the total number of births is falling. The proportion of cesarean sections in spinal anesthesia varies from year to year., Discussion: A statistically significant decrease in the number of installed blood patches clearly indicates the positive effect of measures taken to improve quality, which could contribute to the growing interest of pregnant women in childbirth in epidural analgesia. The number of placed epidural catheters is increasing despite the decline in the total number of deliveries and the increase in the number of deliveries completed by cesarean section., Conclusion: Monitoring the incidence of severe post-puncture headaches treated with blood patches has shown great progress in improving the quality and safety of regional anesthesia and analgesia in our institution, so we believe that monitoring the number of blood patches could serve as an indicator of regional anesthesia and analgesia in obstetrics. Monitoring the number of blood patches shows that the frequency of post-puncture headaches does not correlate only with the type of needle or epidural catheter used for neuroaxial blocks, but is also a sensitive indicator of any deviations from the achieved standards. Furthermore, it indicates the need for careful analysis of causes in order to adopt and implement appropriate countermeasures.
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- 2022
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37. N-Glycosylation and Inflammation; the Not-So-Sweet Relation.
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Radovani B and Gudelj I
- Subjects
- Glycosylation, Glycosyltransferases, Humans, Polysaccharides metabolism, Adaptive Immunity, Inflammation
- Abstract
Chronic inflammation is the main feature of many long-term inflammatory diseases such as autoimmune diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancer. There is a growing number of studies in which alterations of N-glycosylation have been observed in many pathophysiological conditions, yet studies of the underlying mechanisms that precede N-glycome changes are still sparse. Proinflammatory cytokines have been shown to alter the substrate synthesis pathways as well as the expression of glycosyltransferases required for the biosynthesis of N-glycans. The resulting N-glycosylation changes can further contribute to disease pathogenesis through modulation of various aspects of immune cell processes, including those relevant to pathogen recognition and fine-tuning the inflammatory response. This review summarizes our current knowledge of inflammation-induced N-glycosylation changes, with a particular focus on specific subsets of immune cells of innate and adaptive immunity and how these changes affect their effector functions, cell interactions, and signal transduction., Competing Interests: Author IG was employed by Genos Glycoscience. The remaining author declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Radovani and Gudelj.)
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- 2022
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38. Seeking patterns of antibiotic resistance in ATLAS, an open, raw MIC database with patient metadata.
- Author
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Catalán P, Wood E, Blair JMA, Gudelj I, Iredell JR, and Beardmore RE
- Subjects
- Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Drug Resistance, Microbial, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Anti-Infective Agents pharmacology, Metadata
- Abstract
Antibiotic resistance represents a growing medical concern where raw, clinical datasets are under-exploited as a means to track the scale of the problem. We therefore sought patterns of antibiotic resistance in the Antimicrobial Testing Leadership and Surveillance (ATLAS) database. ATLAS holds 6.5M minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for 3,919 pathogen-antibiotic pairs isolated from 633k patients in 70 countries between 2004 and 2017. We show most pairs form coherent, although not stationary, timeseries whose frequencies of resistance are higher than other databases, although we identified no systematic bias towards including more resistant strains in ATLAS. We sought data anomalies whereby MICs could shift for methodological and not clinical or microbiological reasons and found artefacts in over 100 pathogen-antibiotic pairs. Using an information-optimal clustering methodology to classify pathogens into low and high antibiotic susceptibilities, we used ATLAS to predict changes in resistance. Dynamics of the latter exhibit complex patterns with MIC increases, and some decreases, whereby subpopulations' MICs can diverge. We also identify pathogens at risk of developing clinical resistance in the near future., (© 2022. The Author(s).)
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- 2022
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39. Transcriptomic taxonomy and neurogenic trajectories of adult human, macaque, and pig hippocampal and entorhinal cells.
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Franjic D, Skarica M, Ma S, Arellano JI, Tebbenkamp ATN, Choi J, Xu C, Li Q, Morozov YM, Andrijevic D, Vrselja Z, Spajic A, Santpere G, Li M, Zhang S, Liu Y, Spurrier J, Zhang L, Gudelj I, Rapan L, Takahashi H, Huttner A, Fan R, Strittmatter SM, Sousa AMM, Rakic P, and Sestan N
- Subjects
- Animals, Doublecortin Protein, Hippocampus pathology, Humans, Mice, Neurogenesis genetics, Swine, Macaca, Transcriptome
- Abstract
The hippocampal-entorhinal system supports cognitive functions, has lifelong neurogenic capabilities in many species, and is selectively vulnerable to Alzheimer's disease. To investigate neurogenic potential and cellular diversity, we profiled single-nucleus transcriptomes in five hippocampal-entorhinal subregions in humans, macaques, and pigs. Integrated cross-species analysis revealed robust transcriptomic and histologic signatures of neurogenesis in the adult mouse, pig, and macaque but not humans. Doublecortin (DCX), a widely accepted marker of newly generated granule cells, was detected in diverse human neurons, but it did not define immature neuron populations. To explore species differences in cellular diversity and implications for disease, we characterized subregion-specific, transcriptomically defined cell types and transitional changes from the three-layered archicortex to the six-layered neocortex. Notably, METTL7B defined subregion-specific excitatory neurons and astrocytes in primates, associated with endoplasmic reticulum and lipid droplet proteins, including Alzheimer's disease-related proteins. This resource reveals cell-type- and species-specific properties shaping hippocampal-entorhinal neurogenesis and function., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2022
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40. Would that it were so simple: Interactions between multiple traits undermine classical single-trait-based predictions of microbial community function and evolution.
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Lindsay RJ, Jepson A, Butt L, Holder PJ, Smug BJ, and Gudelj I
- Subjects
- Ecology, Phenotype, Ecosystem, Microbiota
- Abstract
Understanding how microbial traits affect the evolution and functioning of microbial communities is fundamental for improving the management of harmful microorganisms, while promoting those that are beneficial. Decades of evolutionary ecology research has focused on examining microbial cooperation, diversity, productivity and virulence but with one crucial limitation. The traits under consideration, such as public good production and resistance to antibiotics or predation, are often assumed to act in isolation. Yet, in reality, multiple traits frequently interact, which can lead to unexpected and undesired outcomes for the health of macroorganisms and ecosystem functioning. This is because many predictions generated in a single-trait context aimed at promoting diversity, reducing virulence or controlling antibiotic resistance can fail for systems where multiple traits interact. Here, we provide a much needed discussion and synthesis of the most recent research to reveal the widespread and diverse nature of multi-trait interactions and their consequences for predicting and controlling microbial community dynamics. Importantly, we argue that synthetic microbial communities and multi-trait mathematical models are powerful tools for managing the beneficial and detrimental impacts of microbial communities, such that past mistakes, like those made regarding the stewardship of antimicrobials, are not repeated., (© 2021 The Authors. Ecology Letters published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2021
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41. Increased yield of enzymatic synthesis by chromatographic selection of different N-glycoforms of yeast invertase.
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Andjelković U, Gudelj I, Klarić T, Hinneburg H, Vinković M, Wittine K, Dovezenski N, Vikić-Topić D, Lauc G, Vujčić Z, and Josić D
- Subjects
- Chromatography, Ion Exchange, Glycosylation, Polysaccharides, Saccharomyces cerevisiae enzymology, beta-Fructofuranosidase
- Abstract
Invertases are glycosidases applied for synthesis of alkyl glycosides that are important and effective surfactants. Stability of invertases in the environment with increased content of organic solvent is crucial for increase of productivity of glycosidases. Their stability is significantly influenced by N-glycosylation. However, yeast N-glycosylation pathways may synthesize plethora of N-glycan structures. A total natural crude mixture of invertase glycoforms (EINV) extracted from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was subfractionated by anion-exchange chromatography on industrial monolithic supports to obtain different glycoforms (EINV1-EINV3). Separated glycoforms exhibited different stabilities in water-alcohol solutions that are in direct correlation with the amount of phosphate bound to N-glycans. Observed differences in stability of different invertase glycoforms were used to improve productivity of methyl β-d-fructofuranoside (MF) synthesis. The efficiency and yield of MF synthesis were improved more than 50% when the most stabile glycoform bearing the lowest amount of phosphorylated N-glycans is selected and utilized. These data underline the importance of analysis of glycan structures attached to glycoproteins, demonstrate different impact of N-glycans on the surface charge and enzyme stability in regard to particular reaction environment, and provide a platform for improvement of yield of industrial enzymatic synthesis by chromatographic selection of glycoforms on monolithic supports., (© 2020 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)
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- 2021
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42. The Antibiotic Dosage of Fastest Resistance Evolution: Gene Amplifications Underpinning the Inverted-U.
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Reding C, Catalán P, Jansen G, Bergmiller T, Wood E, Rosenstiel P, Schulenburg H, Gudelj I, and Beardmore R
- Subjects
- Antiporters genetics, DNA Copy Number Variations, Escherichia coli genetics, Escherichia coli metabolism, Gene Amplification, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Escherichia coli Proteins genetics
- Abstract
To determine the dosage at which antibiotic resistance evolution is most rapid, we treated Escherichia coli in vitro, deploying the antibiotic erythromycin at dosages ranging from zero to high. Adaptation was fastest just below erythromycin's minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and genotype-phenotype correlations determined from whole genome sequencing revealed the molecular basis: simultaneous selection for copy number variation in three resistance mechanisms which exhibited an "inverted-U" pattern of dose-dependence, as did several insertion sequences and an integron. Many genes did not conform to this pattern, however, reflecting changes in selection as dose increased: putative media adaptation polymorphisms at zero antibiotic dosage gave way to drug target (ribosomal RNA operon) amplification at mid dosages whereas prophage-mediated drug efflux amplifications dominated at the highest dosages. All treatments exhibited E. coli increases in the copy number of efflux operons acrAB and emrE at rates that correlated with increases in population density. For strains where the inverted-U was no longer observed following the genetic manipulation of acrAB, it could be recovered by prolonging the antibiotic treatment at subMIC dosages., (© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution.)
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- 2021
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43. Attitudes of Croatian pulmonologists concerning obstacles to earlier, more appropriate use of biologics in severe asthma: Survey results.
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Grle SP, Lampalo M, Cincar SŠ, Kardum LB, Gudelj I, Kasap EB, Vergles M, and Tudorić N
- Subjects
- Asthma diagnosis, Croatia, Female, Humans, Male, Referral and Consultation, Asthma drug therapy, Biological Products therapeutic use, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Pulmonologists
- Abstract
Aims: Biologics have been proven efficacious for patients with severe asthma (SA). It is essential to diagnose such individuals correctly. This study was designed to survey pulmonologists to identify barriers to early diagnosis and subsequent appropriate use of biologics for SA in Croatia., Methods: A pulmonologist group with expertise in SA developed the initial list of questions, with the final questionnaire created according to a 2-round Delphi method. The resulting survey consisted of 23 items consequently divided into 4 domains: 1) Pulmonologists' demographics and professional experiences; 2) Concerns about asthma management; 3) Attitudes toward SA diagnosis; and 4) Beliefs and attitudes regarding the use of biologics in managing SA. The given answers represented the respondents' estimates., Results: Eighty-four surveys were analyzed, with pulmonologists observing that general practitioners often inaccurately diagnose asthma and treat acute exacerbations. Although specialist centers are capably and correctly equipped, the time to diagnose patients with SA is approximately 3.5 months, with initial use of biologics delayed an additional 2 months. The primary indications for prescribing biologics are conventional therapy with oral glucocorticoids (91.7%) and frequent acute exacerbations (82.1%). In addition to improper diagnosis (64.3%), many patients with SA do not receive the indicated biologics owing to strict administrative directives for reimbursement (70.2%) or limited hospital resources (57.1%)., Limitations: The limitations of this survey include the subjective nature of the collected data, the relatively small sample size, and the lack of the biologic efficacy evaluation., Conclusions: Croatian pulmonologists observed that a significant number of patients with SA who are eligible for biologics are not prescribed them, largely because of an inaccurate and/or delayed diagnosis, a delayed referral to a specialist center, highly restrictive criteria for reimbursement, and/or institutional budgetary limitations., Competing Interests: The project was funded by AstraZeneca for logistical and medical writing support. SPG has received compensation for advisory board membership from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, Pliva-Teva, GlaxoSmithKline, Berlin-Chemie, Sanofi, Providens, Pharmas, and Medis; has received a grant from Novartis; and has received fees for lectures at symposia organized by AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, Pliva-Teva, GlaxoSmithKline, Berlin-Chemie, Sanofi, MSD, Pfizer, UCB Pharma, Providens, Pharmas, and Medis. ML received lecturing/consulting fees from Pliva/Teva and lecturing fees from Providens, AstraZeneca, Sandoz, Novartis, Berlin-Chemie, and GlaxoSmithKline. SSC received fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, Providens, Novartis, GlaxoSmithKline, AstraZeneca, Alkaloid, Salvus, Medis, Teva-Pliva, Roche, and Sanofi Genzyme. LBK received lecturing/consultancy fees from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Roche, Pliva, Sanofi Aventis, and Novartis; lecturing fees from Sandoz, Providens, Berlin-Chemie, Abbott, Oktal Pharma, and Salvus; and received consultancy fees from GlaxoSmithKline. IG received consultancy fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, AstraZeneca, and Novartis; and lecturing fees from MSD, Teva, and Sandoz. EBK received lecturing/consulting fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, AstraZeneca, Chiesi, GlaxoSmithKline, Abbott, and Sandoz. MV received lecturing fees from GlaxoSmithKline, Pliva, Providens, AstraZeneca, Salveo, Alkaloid, and Boehringer Ingelheim. NT received lecturing/consulting fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, AstraZeneca, Berlin-Chemie Menarini, Chiesi, GlaxoSmithKline, Meda, Novartis, and Sandoz. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.
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- 2021
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44. N-glycosylation profiling of Type 2 diabetes mellitus from baseline to follow-up: an observational study in a Ghanaian population.
- Author
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Adua E, Memarian E, Afrifa-Yamoah E, Russell A, Trbojević-Akmačić I, Gudelj I, Jurić J, Roberts P, Lauc G, and Wang W
- Subjects
- Biomarkers blood, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 epidemiology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 pathology, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Ghana epidemiology, Glycosylation, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 metabolism, Polysaccharides blood
- Abstract
Aim: The study sought to determine the patterns of N-glycan profiles among Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients over a 6-month period. Materials & methods: Biochemical and clinical data were obtained from 253 T2DM patients at baseline and follow-up. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography and statistical methods were applied for N-glycan profiling. Results: The coefficients of variation were 28% and 29% at baseline and follow-up, respectively, whereas the range of N-glycan variability was from 11% to 56%. Apart from GP1 (FA2) and GP29 (FA3G3S [3,3,3]3), the intra-individual variations of N-glycan peaks were not statistically significant. Conclusion: N-glycan profiles were stable over 6-month period in T2DM patients and could be used to monitor biochemical changes in relation with T2DM comorbidities.
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- 2021
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45. Predicting microbial growth dynamics in response to nutrient availability.
- Author
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Nev OA, Lindsay RJ, Jepson A, Butt L, Beardmore RE, and Gudelj I
- Subjects
- Biotechnology, Cell Proliferation physiology, Computational Biology, Ecology, Candida cytology, Candida growth & development, Candida physiology, Enterobacteriaceae cytology, Enterobacteriaceae growth & development, Enterobacteriaceae physiology, Models, Biological, Saccharomyces cerevisiae cytology, Saccharomyces cerevisiae growth & development, Saccharomyces cerevisiae physiology
- Abstract
Developing mathematical models to accurately predict microbial growth dynamics remains a key challenge in ecology, evolution, biotechnology, and public health. To reproduce and grow, microbes need to take up essential nutrients from the environment, and mathematical models classically assume that the nutrient uptake rate is a saturating function of the nutrient concentration. In nature, microbes experience different levels of nutrient availability at all environmental scales, yet parameters shaping the nutrient uptake function are commonly estimated for a single initial nutrient concentration. This hampers the models from accurately capturing microbial dynamics when the environmental conditions change. To address this problem, we conduct growth experiments for a range of micro-organisms, including human fungal pathogens, baker's yeast, and common coliform bacteria, and uncover the following patterns. We observed that the maximal nutrient uptake rate and biomass yield were both decreasing functions of initial nutrient concentration. While a functional form for the relationship between biomass yield and initial nutrient concentration has been previously derived from first metabolic principles, here we also derive the form of the relationship between maximal nutrient uptake rate and initial nutrient concentration. Incorporating these two functions into a model of microbial growth allows for variable growth parameters and enables us to substantially improve predictions for microbial dynamics in a range of initial nutrient concentrations, compared to keeping growth parameters fixed., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
- Published
- 2021
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46. Replication of 15 loci involved in human plasma protein N-glycosylation in 4802 samples from four cohorts.
- Author
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Sharapov SZ, Shadrina AS, Tsepilov YA, Elgaeva EE, Tiys ES, Feoktistova SG, Zaytseva OO, Vuckovic F, Cuadrat R, Jäger S, Wittenbecher C, Karssen LC, Timofeeva M, Tillin T, Trbojević-Akmačić I, Štambuk T, Rudman N, Krištić J, Šimunović J, Momčilović A, Vilaj M, Jurić J, Slana A, Gudelj I, Klarić T, Puljak L, Skelin A, Kadić AJ, Van Zundert J, Chaturvedi N, Campbell H, Dunlop M, Farrington SM, Doherty M, Dagostino C, Gieger C, Allegri M, Williams F, Schulze MB, Lauc G, and Aulchenko YS
- Subjects
- Cohort Studies, Computational Biology, Glycosylation, Glycosyltransferases chemistry, Glycosyltransferases genetics, Humans, Membrane Proteins chemistry, Membrane Proteins genetics, Polysaccharides metabolism, Glycosyltransferases metabolism, Membrane Proteins metabolism
- Abstract
Human protein glycosylation is a complex process, and its in vivo regulation is poorly understood. Changes in glycosylation patterns are associated with many human diseases and conditions. Understanding the biological determinants of protein glycome provides a basis for future diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) allow to study biology via a hypothesis-free search of loci and genetic variants associated with a trait of interest. Sixteen loci were identified by three previous GWAS of human plasma proteome N-glycosylation. However, the possibility that some of these loci are false positives needs to be eliminated by replication studies, which have been limited so far. Here, we use the largest set of samples so far (4802 individuals) to replicate the previously identified loci. For all but one locus, the expected replication power exceeded 95%. Of the 16 loci reported previously, 15 were replicated in our study. For the remaining locus (near the KREMEN1 gene), the replication power was low, and hence, replication results were inconclusive. The very high replication rate highlights the general robustness of the GWAS findings as well as the high standards adopted by the community that studies genetic regulation of protein glycosylation. The 15 replicated loci present a good target for further functional studies. Among these, eight loci contain genes encoding glycosyltransferases: MGAT5, B3GAT1, FUT8, FUT6, ST6GAL1, B4GALT1, ST3GAL4 and MGAT3. The remaining seven loci offer starting points for further functional follow-up investigation into molecules and mechanisms that regulate human protein N-glycosylation in vivo., (© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
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- 2021
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47. Effects of Environmental Factors on Severity and Mortality of COVID-19.
- Author
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Kifer D, Bugada D, Villar-Garcia J, Gudelj I, Menni C, Sudre C, Vučković F, Ugrina I, Lorini LF, Posso M, Bettinelli S, Ughi N, Maloberti A, Epis O, Giannattasio C, Rossetti C, Kalogjera L, Peršec J, Ollivere L, Ollivere BJ, Yan H, Cai T, Aithal GP, Steves CJ, Kantele A, Kajova M, Vapalahti O, Sajantila A, Wojtowicz R, Wierzba W, Krol Z, Zaczynski A, Zycinska K, Postula M, Lukšić I, Čivljak R, Markotić A, Brachmann J, Markl A, Mahnkopf C, Murray B, Ourselin S, Valdes AM, Horcajada JP, Castells X, Pascual J, Allegri M, Primorac D, Spector TD, Barrios C, and Lauc G
- Abstract
Background: Most respiratory viruses show pronounced seasonality, but for SARS-CoV-2, this still needs to be documented. Methods: We examined the disease progression of COVID-19 in 6,914 patients admitted to hospitals in Europe and China. In addition, we evaluated progress of disease symptoms in 37,187 individuals reporting symptoms into the COVID Symptom Study application. Findings: Meta-analysis of the mortality risk in seven European hospitals estimated odds ratios per 1-day increase in the admission date to be 0.981 (0.973-0.988, p < 0.001) and per increase in ambient temperature of 1°C to be 0.854 (0.773-0.944, p = 0.007). Statistically significant decreases of comparable magnitude in median hospital stay, probability of transfer to the intensive care unit, and need for mechanical ventilation were also observed in most, but not all hospitals. The analysis of individually reported symptoms of 37,187 individuals in the UK also showed the decrease in symptom duration and disease severity with time. Interpretation: Severity of COVID-19 in Europe decreased significantly between March and May and the seasonality of COVID-19 is the most likely explanation., Competing Interests: The authors declare that this study received funding from Zoe Global Ltd. The funder was not involved in the study design, collection, analysis, interpretation of data, the writing of this article or the decision to submit it for publication., (Copyright © 2021 Kifer, Bugada, Villar-Garcia, Gudelj, Menni, Sudre, Vučković, Ugrina, Lorini, Posso, Bettinelli, Ughi, Maloberti, Epis, Giannattasio, Rossetti, Kalogjera, Peršec, Ollivere, Ollivere, Yan, Cai, Aithal, Steves, Kantele, Kajova, Vapalahti, Sajantila, Wojtowicz, Wierzba, Krol, Zaczynski, Zycinska, Postula, Lukšić, Čivljak, Markotić, Brachmann, Markl, Mahnkopf, Murray, Ourselin, Valdes, Horcajada, Castells, Pascual, Allegri, Primorac, Spector, Barrios and Lauc.)
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- 2021
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48. Is the extent of left atrial fibrosis associated with body mass index in patients undergoing pulmonary vein isolation for atrial fibrillation?
- Author
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Nossan JS, Šesto I, Štambuk K, Šipić T, Bernat R, Gudelj I, Rotkvić L, Žulj M, and Mirat J
- Subjects
- Body Mass Index, Fibrosis, Humans, Recurrence, Treatment Outcome, Atrial Fibrillation surgery, Catheter Ablation, Pulmonary Veins surgery
- Abstract
Background: Left atrial (LA) fibrosis is associated with a higher rate of recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). Body mass index (BMI) is strongly associated with the prevalence of AF, but there is insufficient data about the association between BMI and LA fibrosis., Aims: The aim of the study was to examine the association between LA fibrosis and BMI in patients with AF undergoing PVI., Methods: In 114 patients an electro-anatomical voltage map was created using the CARTO 3 three-dimensional system before PVI. The total fibrosis area (voltage criteria ≤0.5 mV), percentage, and the number of fibrotic areas were calculated. A general linear model was used to determine the differences in BMI with confounders between groups of patients with differing extents of fibrosis and numbers of focuses., Results: Advanced fibrosis was found in 53 (47%) patients, in up to 9 areas with a median of 2 and an interquartile range (IQR) of 0-3. The median total fibrotic area was 27.3 cm2 with an IQR of 0.1-30.3 cm2. Patients were stratified by percentage of fibrotic area: <5%, 5%-20%, 20%-35%, and above 35%; no significant difference in mean BMI was found between the groups (P = 0.57). When stratified by the number of fibrotic areas (0, 1, 2, and ≥3 fibrotic areas), no difference in BMI was noted between the groups (P = 0.67)., Conclusions: Fibrosis of the LA, as the strongest predictor of AF recurrence after PVI, does not correlate with BMI in patients with AF where PVI is indicated.
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- 2021
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49. Global variability of the human IgG glycome.
- Author
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Štambuk J, Nakić N, Vučković F, Pučić-Baković M, Razdorov G, Trbojević-Akmačić I, Novokmet M, Keser T, Vilaj M, Štambuk T, Gudelj I, Šimurina M, Song M, Wang H, Salihović MP, Campbell H, Rudan I, Kolčić I, Eller LA, McKeigue P, Robb ML, Halfvarson J, Kurtoglu M, Annese V, Škarić-Jurić T, Molokhia M, Polašek O, Hayward C, Kibuuka H, Thaqi K, Primorac D, Gieger C, Nitayaphan S, Spector T, Wang Y, Tillin T, Chaturvedi N, Wilson JF, Schanfield M, Filipenko M, Wang W, and Lauc G
- Subjects
- Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Cohort Studies, Female, Global Health, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Aging blood, Immunoglobulin G blood
- Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is the most abundant serum antibody which structural characteristics and effector functions are modulated through the attachment of various sugar moieties called glycans. Composition of the IgG N-glycome changes with age of an individual and in different diseases. Variability of IgG glycosylation within a population is well studied and is known to be affected by both genetic and environmental factors. However, global inter-population differences in IgG glycosylation have never been properly addressed. Here we present population-specific N-glycosylation patterns of IgG, analyzed in 5 different populations totaling 10,482 IgG glycomes, and of IgG's fragment crystallizable region (Fc), analyzed in 2,579 samples from 27 populations sampled across the world. Country of residence associated with many N-glycan features and the strongest association was with monogalactosylation where it explained 38% of variability. IgG monogalactosylation strongly correlated with the development level of a country, defined by United Nations health and socioeconomic development indicators, and with the expected lifespan. Subjects from developing countries had low levels of IgG galactosylation, characteristic for inflammation and ageing. Our results suggest that citizens of developing countries may be exposed to environmental factors that can cause low-grade chronic inflammation and the apparent increase in biological age.
- Published
- 2020
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50. Evolution of drug-resistant and virulent small colonies in phenotypically diverse populations of the human fungal pathogen Candida glabrata .
- Author
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Duxbury SJN, Bates S, Beardmore RE, and Gudelj I
- Subjects
- Antifungal Agents, Fungal Proteins, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Phenotype, Candida glabrata, Drug Resistance, Fungal
- Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance frequently carries a fitness cost to a pathogen, measured as a reduction in growth rate compared to the sensitive wild-type, in the absence of antibiotics. Existing empirical evidence points to the following relationship between cost of resistance and virulence. If a resistant pathogen suffers a fitness cost in terms of reduced growth rate it commonly has lower virulence compared to the sensitive wild-type. If this cost is absent so is the reduction in virulence. Here we show, using experimental evolution of drug resistance in the fungal human pathogen Candida glabrata, that reduced growth rate of resistant strains need not result in reduced virulence. Phenotypically heterogeneous populations were evolved in parallel containing highly resistant sub-population small colony variants (SCVs) alongside sensitive sub-populations. Despite their low growth rate in the absence of an antifungal drug, the SCVs did not suffer a marked alteration in virulence compared with the wild-type ancestral strain, or their co-isolated sensitive strains. This contrasts with classical theory that assumes growth rate to positively correlate with virulence. Our work thus highlights the complexity of the relationship between resistance, basic life-history traits and virulence.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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