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The aim of this research was to develop a green synthesis nanotechnology, which is derived from plant sources, as a substitute for chemically drugs used in the treatment of fungal infections. Without genetic alterations producing resistance. In 2023, in the ecology department labs of Kufa University's College of Science. The crude aqueous extract was used to create silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of Schanginia aegyptiaca plants, and Biosynthetic AgNPs were analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The sizes varied from 56.89 to 87.78 nm. The roughness was 71.44 nm. The size of the AgNPs, according to X-ray diffraction (XRD), was 75.03 nm. The (UV) ultraviolet-visible spectrometer of (AgNPs), where 390 nm, as well as the crude extract at 250 nm.The antimicrobial activity of (AgNPs) against Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium oxysporium at different amount (0.75, 1.5 and 3.0 mg/ml) compared to the standard antibiotic tablet Chloramphenicol, and the nanoparticles had a higher effectiveness than the bio-disk, as the highest inhibition rate for the isolates was 36 mm and the con. was 1.5 mg/ml in A. flavus fungus, while in F. oxysporium fungus, the highest inhibition rate was 30 mm for the isolates, at a con. of 0.75 mg/ml, compared to the standard antidote, as it reached 25 mm. The (AgNPs) bio-synthesis from the aqueous extract of the S. aegyptiaca plant, at very low amount, proved effective against the studied fungi, which opens the way for the possibility of using them in the field of human medicine later. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Iron nanomaterials are widely present in the environment and their concentrations are increasing day by day. In many applications, iron nanomaterials are included, but the minimum and maximum concentrations that are not harmful to plants are not yet known. Effect of F3O4(NPs) on Peganum harmala plants for the purpose of showing anatomical responses as effective biomarkers for increasing the concentration of nanomaterials in the ecosystem. Electron microscopy to determine the effect of different doses of F3O4(NPs) ranging from (0-600 mg / L) were used. The cross-sections of leaves were compared in terms of epidermis, parenchyma cells, vascular cylinder, especially xylem and phloem vessels. Epidermal variations were studied stomata, guard cells and normal cells of the epidermis. The laboratories of the Department of Environmental Sciences and Pollution at the College of Science, University of Kufa for the year 2022 were used to conduct experiments. The anatomical results of the studied plants showed that the largest effect was on the epidermis of the plants, especially on the stomata system, where the stomata were closed and decreased in number, while the vascular system was less affected by the variation in the concentration of F3O4(NPs) compared to the rest anatomical indicators. The severity effect was proportional to the increase in concentration. The results indicate that an insufficient supply of F3O4(NPs) (150 mg / L) can be a plant growth stimulator and the results can be used in practical applications to increase production and improve crops as a fertilizer. Whereas, treatments with high concentrations inhibit antioxidants, causing a deficiency of growth activity in plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibiotic resistance has developed and spread due to the extensive, random, and irregular use of antibiotics. This rising interest in using natural materials as possible treatments for various diseases is due to their active ingredients. This research aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Chlorella Vulgaris (C. Vulgaris) and Spirulina platensis (S. platensis) algae as a possible alternative to synthetic antibiotics to determine their efficacy against two types of pathogenic bacteria, Escherichia coli, and Proteus Vulgaris. The research was conducted in 2021 at the Ecology Department of the College of Science at the University of Kufa in Iraq. The diffusion technique evaluated the antibacterial compounds derived from algae against E. Coli and P. Vulgaris. The results indicated that S. platensis inhibited P.vulgaris and E.coli bacteria more effectively. The inhibition values of both species of bacteria were 0.8,2.3 mm compared to C. Vulgaris, which was 0.1,0.9 mm. After 24 hours, the inhibition values for S. platensis grew to 2.5mm and 5.4mm, respectively, whereas the inhibition values for C. Vulgaris reached 0.6mm and 1.8mm. The results demonstrated that C. Vulgaris and S. platensis algae considerably inhibited the growth of two human pathogenic species; hence, the findings enhance our knowledge regarding environmentally friendly pharmaceutical materials that may reduce the negative health impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the susceptibility of different vascular plant leaves was compared as biomarkers for environmental pollution with heavy metals and from different sources of origin. The research purpose is to compare accumulation capabilities of urban cultivated plants and to determine which varieties of studied plants are best for monitoring airborne heavy metals. Samples were taken from three types of evergreen trees, Phoenix dactylifera (p. dactylifera), Conocarpus erectus (C. erectus) and Eucalyptus spp. (Eu. spp.), and lands in the urban area for different site in the city of Najaf in Iraq. The sample concentrations (con.) of Ag, Cd, Co, Cr, Pb and Zn in this research were tested by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (FAAS). Differences con. of heavy metals (HM) in the 3 studied plant types showed that p. dactylifera had ability to accumulate HMs than other studied plants (2 to 41 once). The collecting con. of HMs in plants depends on minerals and human activities in this land. Fertilizers, minerals, and mineral relationships in plants with the congruous minerals in the land show that the collecting minerals inside trees at most due to sedimentation of the atmosphere, more than to the land mineral. Civilian activities such as factories and means of transportation represent the source responsible for the different concentrations of heavy elements in the air, which are transported into plants mostly through stomata. It has been proven that. P. Dactylifera is better compared to C. erectus and Eu. Spp. in collecting air pollutants it is fit to monitor urban pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fresh water is in creatable shortage, so there has been increased interest in finding new techniques for using saline water to irrigation plants. One of the most effective and inexpensive techniques is the water magnetization technique, so an experiment was conducted during the winter season 2019/2020 in Al-Haidariya/Najaf in the desert region middle of Iraq in sandy loam soils to investigate the possibility of using magnetized saline water (0.7, 3.8 and 4.07 dS/m) for irrigation and to follow the vegetative growth. Dry weight, Wet weight, Chlorophyll, Total Leave Area and Leave Number in addition to anatomical changes, Epidermis thickness, vascular bundle diameter and leave thickness of tomato plant (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) cultivars (Super Marmande). The most important results are irrigation with high level of saline water led to a decrease in the plant vital signs. After saline water magnetization, the number of leaves, total leaf area, wet weight and dry weight increased by a percentage ranging between 45% -65%. Anatomical characteristic showed structural changes when plant irrigation with saline water. Change in the middle vein and the central leaf area, such as collapsed lupus parenchyma, rupture of the outer peripheral wall of the epidermis, and the breakdown of more internal tissues, such as the subcutaneous parenchyma, Enlargement, hypertrophy, and plasma glycolysis. Whenever irrigation with magnetized water, the anatomical features showed improvement in epidermal thickness, an increase in mesophyll tissue, thickness of vascular bindle, and an increase in leaf thickness in general. These results indicate the possibility of watering tomato plant with saline water after magnetization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the biochemical parameter changes, histopathological changes, and hematological parameters of commercial bispyribac-sodium toxicity in albino female rats. This study was carried out in the laboratories of the College of Science, University of Kufa by using the herbicide Nominee (Bispyribac-sodium), which was treated extensively in the rice fields of the research station in Mashkhab, Najaf, Iraq. The cytotoxic effects of bispyribac sodium in white rats after being administrated orally with 40, 80 mg/kg of bispyribac-sodium for 30 days were investigated. It was found that bispyibac sodium caused a significant decrease in the blood indices of albino rats, also elevated significance levels of lipid profile, bilirubin, creatinine, urea while a significant decrease in total protein and albumin. In conclusion, The herbicide Nominee (Bispyribac-sodium) has a dangerous effect on all web food cycles and living organisms (the female albino rats) if used for a long time to treat the rice in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted in 2018-2019 in three districts in Najaf province (the Najaf center, the Kufa center and Menathera) for assessing the drinking water pollutants and comparing between them in bacterial contamination, the presence of some trace elements (Cd, Na, Mg, Cl, Fe) and measured the values of some chemical characteristic (Total Dissolve solid (TDS), Total hardness(TH) and PH. All laboratory studies were conducted in the Faculty of Science / University of Kufa. The results showed the higher value in (Cd, Na, Mg, Cl, T.H.) in summer month in all studied site. TDS and pH showed the higher value in winter month in all studied site. An increase in the ratios of cadmium, chloride, magnesium and sodium in proportions higher than the permissible limits in the governorate of Najaf. The presence of bacterial contamination in the Najaf center, the Kufa center and Menathera districts through bacteriological examinations, which included the total number of aerobic bacteria test (TCAB) and the total number of coli bacteria (TC), where it was found that the number of colon bacteria in Kufa center district recorded the highest value (60 cells / 100 ml), followed by the Menathera district (50 cells / 100 ml) and the Najaf Center (25 cells / 100 ml) for the year 2018 and where it was found that the number of coliform bacteria is greater than the permissible values limit (according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization and the Iraqi specifications for drinking water), and it was found that the percentage of trace elements in drinking water recorded a marked increase during the study period. (Fe) that was not found in all of the studied samples. This study clarified the presence of pollutant in drinking water in Najaf Governorate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a newly-designed copper(ii) complex of metformin and l-proline which was immobilized on Fe 3 O 4 MNPs was developed. The structure of the catalyst platform was fully characterized using spectroscopic analyses. Moreover, the catalytic activity of [Fe 3 O 4 @Cu(ii)(Met)(Pro-H) 2 ] was investigated in a one-pot synthesis of a variety of functionalized ethers in reasonable to excellent yields through Ullman reaction in an aqueous environment using various aryl halides, phenol, and Cs 2 CO 3 and without using any external Cu-reducing agents. Notably, gentle catalytic conditions, quick reaction times, applicability, low cost, and preventing dangerous chemicals and solvents during synthesis and catalytic application are some of the superior properties of the [Fe 3 O 4 @Cu(ii)(Met)(Pro-H) 2 ] complex. Furthermore, the catalyst can be reused for several runs (at least eight times) without remarkable loss in efficiency., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)