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1. Improving COVID-19 contact tracing and testing of exposed individuals in Cameroon using digital health technology: a cluster randomised trial

Author

Ndjomo Mba, Alain Daniel, Nanga Dampand, Mireille Nadine, Azi, Rita Ngufor, Nelle Jembe, Christian Narcisse, Djouota, Rocard Lele, Messomo, Thierry, Bell Mathias, Jean Luc, Mbengue, Jeanne Liliane, Mbody, Martin Gael, Tchouatcha, Edy Tchokouani, Nekame Guedem, Jinette Lorraine, Messina Maga, Felicite Diane, Ngeukoue Kamdoum, Alex Miguel, Nechi, Ashley Kue, Akono, Judith Mignonne, Tamssa, Patrice Herve, Goretti Mvong, Vendeline Amaelle, Zogni, Ferline Gouefack, Tekou Makamte, Marie Marquiny, Tawambe, Patrick Bertin, Ewane, Leonard, Mbengue Moukouri, Cyrus Raymond, Makembe, Hans Mossi, Nyate, Corinne Mbita, Mengong Bitounou, Marie Noel, Mendjiegoue, Gwladys Tientcheu, Fomo, Marlyse Mafopah, Nwatsok A Bessong, Alphonse, Nguefack, Saintiche Flore, Nyaloumbe Abedine, Nicole Sylvie, Njiken, Martin, Zangue, Franklin Tsague, Benga Mve, Ingrid Ornella, Kengue, Alice Tegomo, Christian Kingue, Anicet Valere, Aissatou, Nadia, Lako, Edith Tchuessi, Nta, Odette Adomdji, Lawane, Zara, Dada, Ghislaine Demgne, Yemy, Georges Christian, Mballa, Theodore Edimo, Querie, Charlie Tsamo, Mebong, Berline, Wa, Jonas, Biloa Awono, Marie Madeleine, Wele, Wilfried Ganni, Kenko, Jeanine, Guimbang A Ireke, Sophie Larissa, Epoune, Nathalie Nguigna, Ngadje Tchakounte, Armand Joel, Azangue, Amidou Momo, Bika Baring, Franck Adrien, Vessah, Atikatou Ngamtiate, Ngoh, Guillaume Ngoule, Nyato, Franck Joel, Ngogang, Viviane, Fankou, Serges Djobissie, Aboubakar, Rabyatou Elh, Ngo Banin, Pauline Dervette, Dipoko, Sylvie Blondine, Youngui, Boris Tchakounte, Mambo, Albert, Machekano, Rhoderick, Kana, Rogacien, Epée, Emilienne, Tenkeu, Sylvain Zemsi, Tsigaing, Philippe Narcisse, Ndongo, Marie Louise Aimée, Njoukam, Christelle Mayap, Bichara, Lawane, Katcho, Tatiana Djikeussi, Mbunka, Muhamed Awolu, Longla, Terence Acheliu, Simo, Leonie, Kouatchouang, Adrienne Vanessa, Tchendjou, Patrice, Tiam, Appolinaire, Guay, Laura, Suleiman, Khairunisa, Akinwusi, Olukunle, Kadam, Rigveda, Akugizibwe, Paula, Songane, Mario, Woelk, Godfrey, and Tchounga, Boris Kevin

Published
2024
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2. Protocol to implement a syndromic surveillance survey of COVID-19 in Malawi

Author

Maphosa, Thulani, Woelk, Godfrey, Baack, Brittney N., Kim, Evelyn, Machekano, Rhoderick, Mwale, Annie Chauma, Kalua, Thokozani, Zimba, Suzgo, Kanyenda Chamanga, Rachel, Maida, Alice, Auld, Andrew, Azman, Andrew S., Oziemkowska, Maria, Sunguti, Joram, Golowa, Cathy, Kapanda, Lester, Nkhoma, Harrid, Sampathkumar, Veena, Ahimbisibwe, Allan, Kalitera, Louiser, Masina, Elton, Lumala, Rumours, Kudiabor, Kwashie, Joaki, Zuze, Muchuchuti, Cephas, Mengezi, Tadala H., Nyirenda, Rose, and Guay, Laura

Published
2022
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7. 24-Month HIV-free survival among HIV-exposed Infants in Lesotho: the PEAWIL cohort study

Author

Tukei, Vincent J., Machekano, Rhoderick, Gill, Michelle M., Tiam, Appolinaire, Mokone, Majoalane, Isavwa, Anthony, Nyabela, Malijane, Mots?Oane, Tsietso, Nchephe, Seipati, Letsie, Mosilinyane, Kassaye, Seble G., and Guay, Laura

Subjects
Infants -- Patient outcomes, Maternal-fetal exchange -- Analysis, Breast feeding -- Health aspects, HIV infection in children -- Risk factors -- Prevention, Pregnant women -- Health aspects, Health
Abstract

: Introduction: Following the implementation of the provision of lifelong antiretroviral therapy to all HIV‐positive pregnant or breastfeeding women for prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV by the Kingdom of Lesotho in 2013, we assessed the effectiveness of this approach by evaluating 24‐month HIV‐free survival among HIV‐exposed infants (HEIs). Methods: We conducted a prospective observational cohort study that enrolled HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative pregnant women, with follow‐up of women and their infants for 24 months after delivery. Participant recruitment started in June 2014 and follow‐up ended in September 2018. Trained nurses collected study information through patient interviews and chart abstraction at enrolment and every three to six months thereafter. Maternal HIV testing, infant mortality, HIV transmission and HIV‐free survival rates were computed using Kaplan–Meier estimation. Cox regression hazard models were used to identify factors associated with infant HIV infection and death. Results: Between June 2014 and February 2016, we enrolled 653 HIV‐positive and 941 HIV‐negative pregnant women. Twenty‐seven HIV‐negative women acquired HIV during follow‐up. Ultimately, 634 liveborn HEI (382 (52%) male, 303 (48%) female, 3 missing) and 839 who remained HIV‐unexposed (HUIs) (409 (49.0%) male, 426 (51.0%) female, 4 missing) were followed; 550 HEIs and 701 HUIs completed the 24‐month follow‐up period. Of 607 (95.7%) HEIs who were tested for HIV at least once during follow‐up, 17 were found to be HIV‐positive. Two (9.5%) of 21 infants born to mothers who acquired HIV infection during follow‐up were HIV‐positive compared to 15 (2.4%) of 613 HEI born to women with known HIV infection. The risk of HIV transmission from HIV‐positive mothers to their infants by 24 months of age was 2.9% (95% CI: 1.8 to 4.7). The estimated 24‐month mortality rate among HEIs was 6.0% (95% CI: 4.4 to 8.2) compared to 3.8% (95% CI: 2.6 to 5.3) among HUIs (Log‐rank p = 0.065). HIV‐free survival at 24 months was 91.8% (95% CI: 89.2 to 93.7). Lower maternal age and birth weight were independently associated with increased HIV infection or death of infants. Conclusions: The implementation of lifelong ART for PMTCT in the Lesotho public health system resulted in low HIV transmission, but survival of HEI remains lower than their HIV uninfected counterparts., INTRODUCTION The HIV epidemic in children is largely due to mother‐to‐child HIV transmission (MTCT). In 2018, the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), estimated that 160,000 new HIV infections [...]

Published
2020
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8. Fostering successful and sustainable collaborations to advance implementation science: the adolescent HIV prevention and treatment implementation science alliance

Author

Sturke, Rachel, Vorkoper, Susan, Bekker, Linda?Gail, Ameyan, Wole, Luo, Chewe, Allison, Susannah, Walker, Damilola, Kapogiannis, Bill, and Guay, Laura

Subjects
Adolescent medicine -- Management, AIDS (Disease) -- Research, AIDS research, HIV infection -- Diagnosis -- Care and treatment, Company business management, Health
Abstract

: Introduction: HIV continues to devastate the adolescent population in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). The complex array of interpersonal, social, structural and system‐level obstacles specific to adolescents have slowed progress in prevention and treatment of HIV in this population. The field of implementation science holds promise for addressing these challenges. Discussion: There is growing consensus that enhanced interactions between researchers and users of scientific evidence are important and necessary to tackle enduring barriers to implementation. In 2017, the Fogarty International Center launched the Adolescent HIV Prevention and Treatment Implementation Science Alliance (AHISA) to promote communication and catalyse collaboration among implementation scientists and implementers to enhance the cross‐fertilization of insights as research advances and the implementation environment evolves. This network has identified key implementation science questions for adolescent HIV, assessed how members’ research is addressing them, and is currently conducting a concept mapping exercise to more systematically identify implementation research priorities. In addition, AHSA pinpointed common challenges to addressing these questions and discussed their collective capacity to conduct implementation science using the shared learning approach of the network. Specifically, AHISA addresses challenges related to capacity building, developing mentorship, engaging stakeholders, and involving adolescents through support for training efforts and funding region‐/country‐specific networks that respond to local issues and increase implementation science capacity across SSA. Conclusions: Innovative platforms, like AHISA, that foster collaborations between implementation science researchers, policymakers and community participants to prioritizes research needs and identify and address implementation challenges can speed the translation of effective HIV interventions to benefit adolescent health., INTRODUCTION While HIV continues to be one of the leading causes of death for adolescents in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) [1], interventions to address HIV prevention and treatment in this population [...]

Published
2020
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10. Efficacy and safety of an extended nevirapine regimen in infant children of breastfeeding mothers with HIV-1 infection for prevention of postnatal HIV-1 transmission (HPTN 046): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

Author

Coovadia, Hoosen M, Brown, Elizabeth R, Fowler, Mary Glenn, Chipato, Tsungai, Moodley, Dhayendre, Manji, Karim, Musoke, Philippa, Stranix-Chibanda, Lynda, Chetty, Vani, Fawzi, Wafaie, Nakabiito, Clemensia, Msweli, Lindiwe, Kisenge, Roderick, Guay, Laura, Mwatha, Anthony, Lynn, Diana J, Eshleman, Susan H, Richardson, Paul, George, Kathleen, Andrew, Philip, Mofenson, Lynne M, Zwerski, Sheryl, and Maldonado, Yvonne

Published
2012
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20. Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes Among HIV-positive Women in the Era of Universal Antiretroviral Therapy Remain Elevated Compared With HIV-negative Women

Author

Tukei, Vincent J., primary, Hoffman, Heather J., additional, Greenberg, Lauren, additional, Thabelo, Ramatlapeng, additional, Nchephe, Masepeli, additional, Mots’oane, Tsietso, additional, Masitha, Matseliso, additional, Chabela, Mammatli, additional, Mokone, Majoalane, additional, Mofenson, Lynne, additional, Guay, Laura, additional, and Tiam, Appolinaire, additional

Published
2021
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21. Quantitative analysis of HIV-1 variants with the K103N resistance mutation after single-dose nevirapine in women with HIV-1 subtypes A, C, and D

Author

Flys, Tamara S., Hoover, Donald R., Mwatha, Anthony, Musoke, Philippa, Jackson, J. Brooks, Shu Chen, Church, Jessica D., Guay, Laura A., Taha, Taha E., Kumwenda, Newton, Mmiro, Francis, and Fiscus, Susan A.

Subjects
HIV (Viruses) -- Genetic aspects, HIV (Viruses) -- Drug therapy, Disease transmission -- Risk factors, Gene mutations -- Research, Nevirapine -- Dosage and administration, Health
Abstract

A sensitive point mutation assay, LigAmp, is used to detect and quantify K103N-containing variants in African women who received single-dose nevirapine (NVP) to prevent mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission. The results have shown that after administration of single-dose NVP, K103N is detected more frequently and at higher levels in women with subtypes C and D than A.

Published
2006

22. Distinct patterns of emergence and fading of K103N and Y181C in women with subtype A vs. D after single-dose nevirapine: HIVNET 012

Author

Eshleman, Susan H., Jing Wang, Brown, Elizabeth R., Mmiro, Francis, Jackson, J. Brooks, Guay, Laura A., Mwatha, Anthony, and Musoke, Philippa

Subjects
Nevirapine -- Research, Nevirapine -- Dosage and administration, HIV infection -- Drug therapy, HIV infection in children -- Prevention, Health
Abstract

A study demonstrates that HIV-1 subtype can influence emergence and fading of specific nevirapine resistance (NVPR) mutations after single-dose NVP exposure. Rapid fading of variants with Y181C mutation was observed for women with subtype A, but not for women with subtype D.

Published
2005

23. Comparison of mother-to-child transmission rates in Ugandan women with subtype A versus D HIV-1 who received single-dose nevirapine prophylaxis: HIV network for prevention trails 012

Author

Eshleman, Susan H., Guay, Laura A., Mwatha, Anthony, Brown, Elizabeth, Musoke, Philippa, Mmiro, Francis, and Jackson, J. Brooks

Subjects
HIV infection in children -- Risk factors, HIV infection in children -- Drug therapy, HIV infection in children -- Research, Nevirapine -- Dosage and administration, Nevirapine -- Complications and side effects, Health
Abstract

The comparison in the rates of HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) in Ugandan women in subtype A versus D HIV-1 who received single-dose nevirapine (NVP) is presented. Results reveal no significant difference in the rate of MTCT in women with subtype A versus D.

Published
2005

24. Characterization of Nevirapine resistance mutations in women with subtype A Vs. D HIV-1 6-8 weeks after single-dose Nevirapine (HIVNET 012)

Author

Eshleman, Susan H., Mwatha, Anthony,;, Brown, Elizabeth R., Guay, Laura A., Cunninggham, Shawn P., Musoke, Philippa, MBChB, Mmiro, Francis, and Jackson, J. Brooks

Subjects
HIV (Viruses) -- Research, HIV patients -- Research, Nevirapine -- Properties, Nevirapine -- Research, Health
Abstract

The study reveals the comparison between number and type of nevirapine (NVP) detected in Uganda women with subtype A vs. D HIV-1 infection after single-dose NVP prophylaxis. Result of the study confirms a higher rate of NVPR in women with subtype D than A.

Published
2004

27. Survival of Ugandan infants with subtype A and D HIV-1 infection (HIVNET012)

Author

Eshleman, Susan H., Guay, Laura A., Fleming, Thomas, American writer, Mwatha, Anthony, Mracna, Martin, Becker-Pergola, Graziella, Musoke, Philippa, Mmiro, Francis, and Jackson, J. Brooks

Subjects
Epidemiology -- Statistics, Epidemiology -- Research, HIV patients -- Demographic aspects, HIV patients -- Case studies, HIV patients -- Health aspects, HIV patients -- Care and treatment, HIV infection -- Demographic aspects, HIV infection -- Prevention, HIV infection -- Research, HIV infection -- Health aspects, Immunization of infants -- Care and treatment, Immunization of infants -- Health aspects, Infants, AIDS (Disease) -- Research, Health
Abstract

Research has been conducted on HIV-1-infected infant survival. The survival of Ugandian infants with subtype D and subtype A HIV-1 infection has been compared, and the results indicate that there is no association between HIV-1 subtype and infant survival.

Published
2002

28. 18-24-month HIV-free survival as measurement of the effectiveness of prevention of mother-to-child transmission in the context of lifelong antiretroviral therapy: Results of a community-based survey

Author

Tiam, Appolinaire, primary, Gill, Michelle M., additional, Machekano, Rhoderick, additional, Tukei, Vincent, additional, Mokone, Majoalane, additional, Viana, Shannon, additional, Letsie, Mosilinyane, additional, Tsietso, Mots’oane, additional, Seipati, Irene, additional, Khachane, Cecilia, additional, Nei, Marethabile, additional, Mohai, Florence, additional, Tylleskär, Thorkild, additional, and Guay, Laura, additional

Published
2020
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31. Comparison of 6-week PMTCT outcomes for HIV-exposed and HIV-unexposed infants in the era of lifelong ART: Results from an observational prospective cohort study

Author

Tiam, Appolinaire, primary, Kassaye, Seble G., additional, Machekano, Rhoderick, additional, Tukei, Vincent, additional, Gill, Michelle M., additional, Mokone, Majoalane, additional, Letsie, Mosilinyane, additional, Tsietso, Mots’oane, additional, Seipati, Irene, additional, Barasa, Janety, additional, Isavwa, Anthony, additional, Tylleskär, Thorkild, additional, and Guay, Laura, additional

Published
2019
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32. Analysis of HIV Tropism in Ugandan Infants

Author

Church, Jessica D., Huang, Wei, Mwatha, Anthony, Musoke, Philippa, Jackson, Brooks J., Bagenda, Danstan, Omer, Saad B., Donnell, Deborah, Nakabiito, Clemensia, Eure, Chineta, Guay, Laura A., Taylor, Allan, Bakaki, Paul M., Matovu, Flavia, McConnell, Michelle, Fowler, Mary Glenn, and Eshleman, Susan H.

Published
2010

34. Neurodevelopmental outcomes of Ugandan infants with HIV infection: an application of growth curve analysis

Author

Drotar, Dennis, Olness, Karen, Wiznitzer, Max, Schatschneider, Chris, Marum, Lawrence, Guay, Laura, Fagan, Joseph, Svilar, Grace, Hom, David, Ndugwa, Christopher, and Mayengo, Rebecca Kiziri

Subjects
Uganda -- Health aspects, Infants -- Africa, HIV infection in children -- Research, Human information processing in children -- Research, Neurology -- Research, Health, Psychology and mental health
Abstract

Research showing how HIV-infected infants in Uganda had lower motor and mental development is presented. The lack of correlation of this data with the expectation of group differences in growth rates and mean performance is discussed.

Published
1999

39. Detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) DNA and p24 antigen in breast milk of HIV-1-infected Ugandan women and vertical transmission

Author

Guay, Laura A., Hom, David L., Mmiro, Francis, Piwowar, Estelle M., Kabengera, Sam, Parsons, Jana, Ndugwa, Christopher, Marum, Lawrence, Olness, Karen, Kataaha, Peter, and Jackson, J. Brooks

Subjects
HIV infection in children, HIV infection in women, Mother and child -- Health aspects, Breast milk -- Contamination, Uganda -- Health aspects
Abstract

Breastfed infants of HIV-infected mothers may not acquire HIV at a higher rate than bottle-fed infants of HIV-infected mothers. Researchers in Uganda, Africa followed up 201 HIV-1 positive women and their breastfed infants. HIV-1 DNA was found in 125 of the 201 HIV-positive mothers, including 20 who transmitted the virus to their infants. Forty-seven children overall were HIV-1-positive. No relationship was noted between the finding of HIV in breast milk or duration of breastfeeding and mother-to-infant HIV-1 transmission. Mothers who acquire HIV while breastfeeding may pass the virus through breast milk to their infants., Objective. To determine the correlation between the detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in breast milk, the duration of breastfeeding, and vertical transmission of HIV-1 infection in Ugandan women. Methods. A prospective study of HIV-1 infection in pregnant Ugandan women and their infants has been ongoing since 1990 with follow-up of mother-infant pairs for at least 2 years. Expressed breast milk specimens were collected from 201 HIV-1-seropositive and 86 HIV-1-seronegative Ugandan women approximately 6 weeks after delivery. The presence of HIV-1 DNA in the cellular fraction of the breast milk was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and HIV-1 p24 antigen was detected in the cell-free breast milk supernatant using p24 antigen enzyme immunoassay (EIA) after immune complex dissociation (ICD). The duration of breastfeeding and the clinical status of the mothers and their children were recorded. HIV-1 EIA, Western blot, PCR, or p24 antigen detection were used for the determination of the HIV-1 infection status of the children. Results. Of the 201 HIV-1-infected women studied, 47 had HIV-1-infected children, 143 had children who seroreverted, and 11 had children of indeterminate status. Breast milk supernatants were available for ICD p24 antigen testing from 188 of the HIV-1-infected women and none had detectable p24 antigen. Breast milk cell pellets were available and contained amplifiable DNA in 125 of the HIV-1-infected women (20 transmitters, 104 nontransmiffers, 1 indeterminate). HIV-1 DNA was detected by PCR in 72% (75/104) of nontransmitters and 80% (16/20) of the transmitters. The duration of breastfeeding by transmitter mothers (15.8 months) was not significantly different from nontransmitter mothers (14.4 months). Conclusions. No correlation was found between the detection of HIV-1 in breast milk or the duration of breastfeeding and transmission of HIV-1 infection in this study of Ugandan women. Pediatrics 1996,98:438-444; HIV-I, vertical transmission, breast milk, PC1t, p24 antigen, Uganda., ABBREVIATIONS. HIV-1, human immunodeficiency virus type 1; WHO, World Health Organization; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; EIA, enzyme immunoassay; ICD, immune complex dissociation; HLA, human leukocyte antigen. [...]

Published
1996

46. HIVNET nevirapine trials

Author

Marseille, Elliot, Kahn, James G, Guay, Laura, Fowler, Mary Glenn, and Jackson, J Brooks

Published
1999

47. Intrapartum and neonatal single-dose nevirapine compared with zidovudine for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in Kampala, Uganda: HIVNET 012 randomised trial

Author

Guay, Laura A, Musoke, Philippa, Fleming, Thomas, Bagenda, Danstan, Allen, Melissa, Nakabiito, Clemensia, Sherman, Joseph, Bakaki, Paul, Ducar, Constance, Deseyve, Martina, Emel, Lynda, Mirochnick, Mark, Fowler, Mary Glenn, Mofenson, Lynne, Miotti, Paolo, Dransfield, Kevin, Bray, Dorothy, Mmiro, Francis, and Jackson, J Brooks

Published
1999

50. Making Implementation Science Work for Children and Adolescents Living With HIV

Author

Mark, Daniella, Geng, Elvin, Vorkoper, Susan, Essajee, Shaffiq, Bloch, Kim, Willis, Nicola, Stewart, Bethany, Bakeera-Kitaka, Sabrina, Sugandhi, Nandita, Sturke, Rachel, Achebe, Kechi, Ferguson, B Jane, Vicari, Marissa, Luo, Chewe, Putta, Nande, John-Stewart, Grace, Guay, Laura, Mushavi, Angela, Muhammad, Imran, and Ross, David A

Abstract

The global HIV response is leaving children and adolescents behind. Because of a paucity of studies on treatment and care models for these age groups, there are gaps in our understanding of how best to implement services to improve their health outcomes. Without this evidence, policymakers are left to extrapolate from adult studies, which may not be appropriate, and can lead to inefficiencies in service delivery, hampered uptake, and ineffective mechanisms to support optimal outcomes. Implementation science research seeks to investigate how interventions known to be efficacious in study settings are, or are not, routinely implemented within real-world programmes. Effective implementation science research must be a collaborative effort between government, funding agencies, investigators, and implementers, each playing a key role. Successful implementation science research in children and adolescents requires clearer policies about age of consent for services and research that conform to ethical standards but allow for rational modifications. Implementation research in these age groups also necessitates age-appropriate consultation and engagement of children, adolescents, and their caregivers. Finally, resource, systems, technology, and training must be prioritized to improve the availability and quality of age-/sex-disaggregated data. Implementation science has a clear role to play in facilitating understanding of how the multiple complex barriers to HIV services for children and adolescents prevent effective interventions from reaching more children and adolescents living with HIV, and is well positioned to redress gaps in the HIV response for these age groups. This is truer now more than ever, with urgent and ambitious 2020 global targets on the horizon and insufficient progress in these age groups to date.

Published
2018

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