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In this study the authors, making use of a non-surgical therapeutic method like extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, aim to show the advantages of this method compared with surgery, in the therapy of lithiasis of the salivary glands. Seven patients suffering from calculi of the salivary glands were treated. The authors obtained the best result in each patient and in 5 of these obtained the complete disappearance of sialolithiasis. The authors, considering that there is an ever higher number of requests for this treatment, put extracorporeal lithotripsy in the foreground in the therapy of sialolithiasis.

Introduction. Edentulous ridge in the posterior maxilla is often compromised by reduced bone volume. This anatomical condition limits the implant placement of 10 mm in length without sinus augmentation. The use of shorter implants with osteotome technique minimizes the need of more extensive sinus oor elevation, thus reducing the duration and morbidity of the treatment. Materials and Methods. A prospective study was conducted of all patients treated between Nov 2007 and Nov 2008 who received endosseous implants that were less than 10 mm in length. Patient age, gender, height bone residual of posterior maxilla, location of implants, number and type of implants and Albrektsson criteria for success were assessed. Results A total of 25 implants of 8 mm in length were placed with primary stability in 11 patients. Cumulative survival rates for implants were 100%. Conclusion.Thissimpli edtreatmentmodalitycanmakeimplantrehabilitationoftheatrophic posterior maxilla more accessible.

Maxillary alveolar atrophy often limits the placement of dental implants. The bone splitting and bone widening by osteotome technique is a more obvious method for the immediate placement of implants in those cases in which the dimensions of the residual ridge are reduced by only a small degree. Few studies have been performed that are aimed at the radiographic results shown after the osteotome technique by a low-dose computed tomography scan and assessment of objective improvement of the bone density using Misch's classification. The aim of this clinical case was to analyze the radiographic data of the osteotome technique on the change of bone density and to demonstrate efficacy of the ridge expansion crest to bypass bone fenestrations of the buccal plate in the esthetic zone. The advantages of this technique for patients include less surgical trauma and a shorter treatment time.

CPG-bound nucleosides (deoxyguanosine excepted) can be stereoselectively glycosylated in high yield at their 5′-hydroxyl by a “disarmed” trichloroacetimidate donor in the presence of stoichiometric amounts of TMSOTf (5 eq.) and in short reaction times. These results allowed the solid-phase synthesis of an oligonucleotide functionalized at both ends with sugar residues.

Restoration of the edentulous alveolar ridge with implants often requires the ridge width to be augmented to allow its placement. The aim of this study was to evaluate the split-crest technique, with subepithelial connective tissue graft used as biological barrier, in patients with narrow ridges, focusing on the status of soft and hard tissues and on implant success rate, at 36 months after implant loading. Thirteen patients (6 males and 7 females), ages 32-68 years (mean 49.4 years) with an atrophic maxillary jaw underwent modified edentulous ridge expansion technique for implant placement. A total of 33 Laser-Lok tapered internal implant, were placed in the maxilla. The following parameters were evaluated: (1) initial ridge width (time t(0)); (2) ridge width at the time of abutment connection (time t(1)); four months after implants placement, healing abutments were connected and the prosthetic rehabilitation was initiated, and all patients were evaluated clinically and radiographically with periapical radiograph at intervals of 3-6 months for the first year and annually thereafter for 3 years. The ridge width was measured with a cone beam computed tomography. The initial ridge width ranged from 3.5 mm to 7 mm (mean: 4.67 mm), while at the end of the expansion procedure the width ranged from 6.3 mm to 11.0 mm (mean: 8.2 mm). The width gain of the edentulous ridge ranged from 1.45-4.9 mm (mean: 3.5 mm). Two implants became exposed 1 month after surgery. One implant was lost before loading (3%). The diameter of failed implant was 5.8 mm and length was 10.5 mm. The remaining 32 implants were stable and free of complications at the end of the study. Thus, the implant survival rate was 97%. Because no implant failed after loading, the cumulative survival rate of loaded implants was 100%. The minimally invasive regenerative technique presented here avoids the use of bone graft, secondary surgery for soft tissue augmentation, and mechanical expansion devices. However, the follow-up period for outcome evaluation and exiguous patient's number in this series was limited. Restoration of the edentulous alveolar ridge with implants often requires the ridge width to be augmented to allow its placement. The aim of this study was to evaluate the split-crest technique, with subepithelial connective tissue graft used as biological barrier, in patients with narrow ridges, focusing on the status of soft and hard tissues and on implant success rate, at 36 months after implant loading. Thirteen patients (6 males and 7 females), ages 32-68 years (mean 49.4 years) with an atrophic maxillary jaw underwent modified edentulous ridge expansion technique for implant placement. A total of 33 Laser-Lok tapered internal implant, were placed in the maxilla. The following parameters were evaluated: (1) initial ridge width (time t0); (2) ridge width at the time of abutment connection (time t1); four months after implants placement, healing abutments were connected and the prosthetic rehabilitation was initiated, and all patients were evaluated clinically and radiographically with periapical radiograph at intervals of 3-6 months for the first year and annually thereafter for 3 years. The ridge width was measured with a cone beam computed tomography. The initial ridge width ranged from 3.5 mm to 7 mm (mean: 4.67 mm), while at the end of the expansion procedure the width ranged from 6.3 mm to 11.0 mm (mean: 8.2 mm). The width gain of the edentulous ridge ranged from 1.45-4.9 mm (mean: 3.5 mm). Two implants became exposed 1 month after surgery. One implant was lost before loading (3%). The diameter of failed implant was 5.8 mm and length was 10.5 mm. The remaining 32 implants were stable and free of complications at the end of the study. Thus, the implant survival rate was 97%. Because no implant failed after loading, the cumulative survival rate of loaded implants was 100%. The minimally invasive regenerative technique presented here avoids the use of bone graft, secondary surgery for soft tissue augmentation, and mechanical expansion devices. However, the follow-up period for outcome evaluation and exiguous patient's number in this series was limited.

This case report is focused on the possibility of treating atrophic ridge with a reduced number of surgical procedures and a reduced healing time. A 43-year-old female patient affected by edentulism associated with horizontal resorption of the ridge was treated by means of a sagittal osteotomy and expansion of the ridge with the new modified edentulous ridge expansion (MERE) technique to obtain a wider bony base for ideal implant placement. In the same procedure 2 implants were placed and connective tissue graft, covering the bony wound, was placed to achieve keratinized mucosa. The implants were placed immediately after the split crest of the ridge and covered by a connective tissue graft. Postoperative recovery was uneventful. Within the limits of this case report, the MERE technique appeared to be reliable and simple, and it reduced morbidity compared with other techniques such as autogenous bone grafts and guided bone regeneration. This case report is focused on the possibility of treating atrophic ridge with a reduced number of surgical procedures and a reduced healing time. A 43-year-old female patient affected by edentulism associated with horizontal resorption of the ridge was treated by means of a sagittal osteotomy and expansion of the ridge with the new modified edentulous ridge expansion (MERE) technique to obtain a wider bony base for ideal implant placement. In the same procedure 2 implants were placed and connective tissue graft, covering the bony wound, was placed to achieve keratinized mucosa. The implants were placed immediately after the split crest of the ridge and covered by a connective tissue graft. Postoperative recovery was uneventful. Within the limits of this case report, the MERE technique appeared to be reliable and simple, and it reduced morbidity compared with other techniques such as autogenous bone grafts and guided bone regeneration.

Edentulous ridges in the posterior maxilla are often compromised by reduced bone volume. This anatomic condition often limits dental implant placement of 10 mm in length without prior or simultaneous sinus augmentation. The osteotome technique is an alternative and conservative technique for sinus floor augmentation and immediate implant placement in the posterior region of the maxillary jaw. According to the relevant literature, the osteotome technique appears to be a predictable and safe method for augmenting bone at the sinus floor and to improve bone density and quality of the implant site sufficiently so that immediate loading is possible. A 46-year-old male patient was referred to the authors to replace the single upper premolar with an implant-supported crown restoration without interfering with the integrity and topography of the adjacent gingival tissues. Only one clinical study analyzed minimally invasive implant and sinus lift surgery with immediate loading. In that case report, the osteotomy was widened to its final diameter using a series of incrementally larger twist drills. In our clinical case, a series of incrementally larger diameter osteotomes improved bone density. This simplified treatment modality can make single tooth implant rehabilitation of the atrophic premolar maxilla region more accessible, and immediate loading is facilitated by improved bone density.

Atrophic edentulous jaws can pose a significant challenge to successful oral rehabilitation with endosseous dental implants. Although ridge augmentation can help to restore ridge volume, grafting procedures can significantly increase patient morbidity, costs, and treatment time, depending on the case, before dental implants can be placed. This article reports on an alternative technique used in 3 patients to expand ridge volume and place dental implants in a single procedure. A partial-thickness flap was elevated to expose the alveolar crest, and conventional implant osteotomies were partially prepared. Along the crest of the ridge, a furrow with terminal vertical releases 1 to 3 mm deep were created, and a bone chisel was used to deepen the furrow. Osteotomes were used to complete preparation of the implant receptor sites, and the implants were placed. Bony plates were stabilized through the use of resorbable sutures. Furrows more than 2 mm deep between the plates were augmented with a xenograft. Collegen membranes were placed over the sites, and soft tissue was sutured. Healing was unremarkable, and all implants were successfully restored. For these patients, the ridge expansion technique resulted in substantial bone reconstruction with little or no grafting. Long-term, prospective studies on this procedure are required before definitive conclusions can be drawn. Atrophic edentulous jaws can pose a significant challenge to successful oral rehabilitation with endosseous dental implants. Although ridge augmentation can help to restore ridge volume, grafting procedures can significantly increase patient morbidity, costs, and treatment time, depending on the case, before dental implants can be placed. This article reports on an alternative technique used in 3 patients to expand ridge volume and place dental implants in a single procedure. A partial-thickness flap was elevated to expose the alveolar crest, and conventional implant osteotomies were partially prepared. Along the crest of the ridge, a furrow with terminal vertical releases 1 to 3 mm deep were created, and a bone chisel was used to deepen the furrow. Osteotomes were used to complete preparation of the implant receptor sites, and the implants were placed. Bony plates were stabilized through the use of resorbable sutures. Furrows more than 2 mm deep between the plates were augmented with a xenograft. Collegen membranes were placed over the sites, and soft tissue was sutured. Healing was unremarkable, and all implants were successfully restored. For these patients, the ridge expansion technique resulted in substantial bone reconstruction with little or no grafting. Long-term, prospective studies on this procedure are required before definitive conclusions can be drawn.

Gli autori presentano dei casi clinici di grande rialzo di seno mascellare con innesti misti di osso autologo, omologo e alloplastico. A distanza di 6 mesi sono state praticate delle biopsie ossee nei futuri siti implantari e sono stati valutati i comportamenti biologici e istologici di tali materiali di riempimento. A seguito di una frattura su impianto dopo 3 anni dal suo posizionamento, vi é stata l'opportunità di poter eseguire, durante l'installazione di una nuova fixture, una ulteriore biopsia ossea. Da tali esami istologici si deduce che in un primo momento i fenomeni infiammatori prevalgono sulla osteogenesi; a tre anni, tutto il materiale innestato é trasformato in osso neoformato con assenza completa di infiammazione.

The authors carry out a review of the international literature on an alternative methodology to surgical therapy of lithiasis of the salivary glands, indicating information, limitations and possible complications. More than fifty papers by international authors were analysed regarding their experience on the use of electro-magnetic waves in the treatment of salivary gland lithiasis. It was observed that extracorporeal lithotripsy is an alternative and valid method to surgery, considering that the complications are negligible. Considering the expectations and the relationship between cost and advantage, extracorporeal lithotripsy can be considered as first treatment with surgery as second therapeutic choice.

Catalytic amounts of Sm(OTf)3 activate armed glycosyl trichloroacetimidates under very mild conditions. This reagent proved effective in promoting the glucosylation of saccharidic acceptors 2, 3, 4, and 5, possessing primary or secondary hydroxyls, with the model donor 1. The stereoselectivity of these glycosidations can be controlled by a suitable choice of solvent.

Alkoxycarbonyl groups can be readily installed on carbohydrates by reaction with the corresponding chloroformates in the presence of TMEDA at low temperature. The mild reaction conditions can be modulated to attain regioselective protections.

The first examples of direct glycosidation of the 5′-OH end of polypyrimidine oligonucleotides still attached to the CPG solid support are reported. A general re-elongation solid phase procedure has been developed to successfully isolate the target 5′-glycosyl derivatives. A 3′,5′-diglucosylated 16-mer oligonucleotide has also been obtained.