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In the context of rising commodity prices, this paper mainly analyzes the transmission between domestic upstream and downstream prices and the impact of commodity prices on upstream and downstream prices, and aims to study whether rising commodity prices will cause inflation risks. In this paper, a Vector Autoregressive Model (VAR) is constructed by using time series data of RMPI, PPI, CGPI, CPI and commodity prices in China, and it is founded through impulse response analysis that the upper and midstream prices in China have a significant dynamic transmission effect on the downstream prices, while the downstream prices have a reverse transmission mechanism against the midstream price and the midstream price on the upstream price.Based on this, this paper believes that there is an indirect dynamic transmission mechanism between the rise in commodity prices and the risk of inflation, and there is a transmission time delay, and it is necessary to pay close attention to the structural changes in consumer prices. Finally, relevant policy recommendations were proposed.

In recent years, with the development of economic globalization, regional inclusive finance has received increasing attention from the international community. The development concept of inclusive finance has been deeply rooted in the people's hearts, and its practice has been continuously improved. Based on the data of financial services in Dalian, Liaoning Province, this paper uses principal component analysis ( PCA ) and artificial neural network-radial basis function ( ANN-RBF ) algorithm to measure and analyze the contribution of the inclusive financial index ( FII ). Firstly, the index system of regional inclusive finance is confirmed, and based on PCA dimension reduction, the index of regional inclusive finance is constructed. By constructing the evaluation model based on principal component analysis and artificial neural network-radial basis function contribution analysis, the measurement and analysis conclusions of regional inclusive finance comprehensive index is obtained. The results show that: ( 1 ) In recent years, FII in Dalian has gradually fluctuated and increased. (2)Among the influencing factors, the number of insurance institutions, number of employees in monetary and financial service, the amount of RMB loans of financial institutions in Dalian, the premium income of property insurance in Dalian, the proportion of total loans of financial institutions in Dalian to GDP, Dalian property insurance depth have the greatest impact.

We analyze temporal and spectral characteristics of Akhmediev breather and establish amplification and transmission of attenuated multi-soliton in nonlinear optical fiber. Our results show that the attenuated multi-soliton can be converted into Akhmediev breather through a judicious modulation of the spectrum. Subsequently, the maximally compressed pulse train of Akhmediev breather can be used to establish a robust breathing transmission by another spectrum modulation. In addition, the influence of the spectral modulation intensity on the excitation of Akhmediev breather and transmission of maximally compressed pulse train are also discussed.

We numerically obtain the high-power pulse trains based on the second-order Akhmediev breathers by the intercepting method in fiber. The high-power pulse trains can be excited by the second-order Akhmediev breathers in the time domain, but they cannot transmit stably in fiber due to the influence of background wave. To extract the stable high-power pulse trains, we use the intercepting method to filter the background wave. The results show that the extracted pulse trains can be stably transmitted for a long distance in fiber. But the transmission distance is affected by the numbers and the periods of pulse trains. The anti-jamming capability of high-power pulse is demonstrated to be well.

The temporal evolution of doublet lines intensity ratio, plasma temperature (T) and electron density (Ne) of different radial parts of aluminum plasma as well as the relationship between optically thin condition and plasma characteristics are investigated. With respect to doublet lines intensity ratio, the optimal delay time (tot) when the plasma is optically thin is determined by comparing the experimental intensity ratio of doublet Al(I) lines with the theoretical value. The optimal integration time, fiber collection angle, and delay time corresponding to the optically thin condition are 400 ns, 45°, and 500 ns, respectively, in which case the linearity of the calibration curve reaches 0.98, enabling more accurate composition measurements. The maximum temperature values are reached within 300 ns at 10°, 30°, 45°, and 80°, but after 900 ns at 55°, 60°, and 70°. Combined with the morphologic image of the plasma, we infer that the time at which a radial part of plasma reaches the highest temperature is related to the extent of its expansion. It is generally understood that the faster the radial part of plasma expands, the sooner the temperature reaches its maximum. The radial part of plasma may not be optically thin when the corresponding temperature reaches its maximum. If the highest temperature is obtained earlier, the optically thin condition is likely to appear in the descending stage of the temporal evolution curve of temperature. Otherwise, it may appear in the ascending stage. There seems to be no simple positive correlation between electron density and optically thin condition.

We study symmetric and asymmetric optical multi-peak solitons on a continuous wave background in the femtosecond regime of a single-mode fiber. Key characteristics of such multi-peak solitons, as the formation mechanism, propagation stability, and shape-changing collisions, are revealed in detail. Our results show that this multi-peak (symmetric or asymmetric) mode could be regarded as a single pulse formed by a nonlinear superposition of a periodic wave and a single-peak (W-shaped or antidark) soliton. In particular, a phase diagram for different types of nonlinear excitations on a continuous wave background including breather, rogue wave, W-shaped soliton, antidark soliton, periodic wave, and multi-peak soliton is established based on the explicit link between exact nonlinear wave solution and modulation instability analysis. Numerical simulations are performed to confirm the propagation stability of the multi-peak solitons with symmetric and asymmetric structures. Further, we unveil a remarkable shape-changing feature of asymmetric multi-peak solitons. It is interesting that these shape-changing interactions occur not only in the intraspecific collision (soliton mutual collision) but also in the interspecific interaction (soliton-breather interaction). Our results demonstrate that each multi-peak soliton exhibits the coexistence of shape change and conservation of the localized energy of light pulse against the continuous wave background., Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures

A calibration method based on homogeneous material for correcting laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) measurement-error bias in the case of dust pollution under laboratory conditions is proposed. The measured plasma spectra of the sample can be corrected by measuring the spectral integral of the homogeneous material. Thus, we can effectively minimize the dust pollution effect on LIBS and guarantee its precision. Results show that the mean absolute errors of CaO, MgO, Fe2O3, Al2O3, and SiO2 in cement samples are decreased notably from 1.02%, 0.06%, 0.15%, 0.57%, and 0.80% to 0.41%, 0.02%, 0.04%, 0.35%, and 0.39%, respectively. Combination of this calibration method with the traditional optical dustproof methods will significantly extend the LIBS equipment maintenance cycle and make preliminary preparations for the next practical industrial application.

We investigate the nonlinear tunneling of optical solitons through both dispersion and nonlinear barriers by employing the exact solution of the generalized nonlinear Schrodinger equation with variable coefficients. The extensive numerical simulations show that the optical solitons can be efficiently compressed when they pass through adequate engineered nonlinear barriers. A cascade compression system in a dispersion decreasing fiber with nonlinear barriers on an exponential background is proposed and the cascade compression of optical pulses is further investigated in detail. Finally, the stability to various initial perturbations of the cascade compressed optical soliton and the interaction between two neighboring compressed solitons were investigated too.

Based on the Peregrine solution (PS) of the nonlinear Schr\"odinger (NLS) equation, the evolution of rational fraction pulses surrounded by zero background is investigated. These pulses display the behavior of a breather-like solitons. We study the generation and evolution of such solitons extracted, by means of the spectral-filtering method, from the PS in the model of the optical fiber with realistic values of coefficients accounting for the anomalous dispersion, Kerr nonlinearity, and higher-order effects. The results demonstrate that the breathing solitons stably propagate in the fibers. Their robustness against small random perturbations applied to the initial background is demonstrated too., Comment: 7 pages, 8 figures, Phys.Rev.E, in press

Based on the soliton solution on a continuous wave background for an integrable Hirota equation, the reduction mechanism and the characteristics of the Peregrine rogue wave in the propagation of femtosecond pulses of optical fiber are discussed. The results show that there exist two processes of the formation of the Peregrine rogue wave: one is the localized process of the continuous wave background, and the other is the reduction process of the periodization of the bright soliton. The characteristics of the Peregrine rogue wave are exhibited by strong temporal and spatial localization. Also, various initial excitations of the Peregrine rogue wave are performed and the results show that the Peregrine rogue wave can be excited by a small localized (single peak) perturbation pulse of the continuous wave background, even for the nonintegrable case. The numerical simulations show that the Peregrine rogue wave is unstable. Finally, through a realistic example, the influence of the self-frequency shift to the dynamics of the Peregrine rogue wave is discussed. The results show that in the absence of the self-frequency shift, the Peregrine rogue wave can split into several subpulses; however, when the self-frequency shift is considered, the Peregrine rogue wave no longer splits and exhibits mainly a peak changing and an increasing evolution property of the field amplitude.