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Background: The aim of this study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the international prostate symptom score (IPSS) and benign prostatic hyperplasia impact index (BII) into simplified Chinese for mainland Chinese patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Methods: The original English IPSS and BII were translated into simplified Chinese versions based on cross-cultural adaptation guidelines. Internal consistency was evaluated with Cronbach’s α, then test-retest reliability with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) in stable patients. The validity of these two adaptations was tested by the correlation between the IPSS and BII with visual prostate symptom score (VPSS) and 36 items Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). The floor and ceiling effects were calculated by the proportion of participants who obtained the highest and lowest possible score. Results: A total of 105 native Chinese-speaking patients with BPH were enrolled. Cronbach’s α was over 0.75 for the simplified Chinese IPSS (IPSS 0.815; IPSS-symptom 0.782) and 0.709 for the simplified Chinese BII, indicating acceptable internal consistency. The ICCs for the test-retest reliability were over 0.75 (IPSS, r = 0.836; IPSS-symptom, r = 0.801; IPSS-quality of life, r = 0.794; BII, r = 0.758), indicating excellent test-retest reliability. There were very good positive correlations between IPSS and BII (r = 0.605), as well as VPSS (r = 0.634), and very good or good negative correlations between IPSS-Qol and SF-36 physical functioning (r = −0.621), and vitality (r = −0.659), and between BII and SF-36 physical functioning (r = −0.421). No floor or ceiling effect was detected in the simplified Chinese IPSS and BII. Conclusions: This study indicates that the simplified Chinese IPSS and BII are reliable and valid measurements of the symptom and quality of life among Chinese patients with BPH, which is likely to be widely used in this population.

Abstract Background The National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) was developed to accurately assess the pain, urinary symptoms, and quality of life related to chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS). This study aimed to evaluate the cross-cultural adaptations of the NIH-CPSI. Method PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and SciELO databases were searched from their established year to September 2020. Cross-cultural adaptations and the quality control of measurement properties of adaptations were conducted by two reviewers independently according to the Guidelines for the Process of Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Self-Report Measures and the Quality Criteria for Psychometric Properties of Health Status Questionnaire. Results Area total of 21 papers with 16 adaptations, and six studies of the original version of the NIH-CPSI were enrolled in the systematic review. Back translation was the weakest process for the quality assessment of the cross-cultural adaptations of the NIH-CPSI. Internal consistency was analyzed for most of the adaptations, but none of them met the standard. Only 11 adaptations reported test reliability, then only the Arabic-Egyptian, Chinese-Mainland, Danish, Italian, Persian, and Turkish adaptations met the criterion. Most adaptations reported the interpretability, but only the Danish adaptation reported the agreement. The other measurement properties, including responsiveness, and floor as well as ceiling effects were not reported in any of the adaptations. Conclusions The overall quality of the NIH-CPSI cross-cultural adaptations was not organized as expected. Only the Portuguese-Brazilian, Italian, and Spanish adaptations reached over half the process for the cross-cultural adaptation. Only the Turkish adaptations finished half of the measurement properties of cross-cultural adaptations.

Background: Renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is one of the major causes related to acute kidney damage. Melatonin has been shown as a powerful antioxidant, with many animal experiments have been designed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of it to renal I/R injury.Objectives: This systematic review aimed to assess the therapeutic effect of melatonin for renal I/R injury in animal models.Methods and Results: The PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Science Direct were searched for animal experiments applying melatonin to treat renal I/R injury to February 2021. Thirty-one studies were included. The pooled analysis showed a greater reduction of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) (21 studies, weighted mean difference (WMD) = −30.00 [−42.09 to −17.91], p < 0.00001), and serum creatinine (SCr) (20 studies, WMD = −0.91 [−1.17 to −0.66], p < 0.00001) treated with melatonin. Subgroup analysis suggested that multiple administration could reduce the BUN compared with control. Malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase were significantly reduced, meanwhile, melatonin significantly improved the activity of glutathione, as well as superoxide dismutase. The possible mechanism for melatonin to treat renal I/R injury is inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, inflammation, autophagy, and fibrillation in AKI to chronic kidney disease.Conclusions: From the available data of small animal studies, this systematic review demonstrated that melatonin could improve renal function and antioxidative effects to cure renal I/R injury through, then multiple administration of melatonin might be more appropriate. Nonetheless, extensive basic experiments are need to study the mechanism of melatonin, then well-designed randomized controlled trials to explore the protective effect of melatonin.

To study the seismic performance of the box-plate steel structure system, two three-storey single box-plate steel structure space stress-bearing unit test pieces have been designed and fabricated according to the 1 : 3 reduced scale. In addition, the quasi-static loading test has been performed on the test pieces where the destruction process, destroy mode, bearing capacity, hysteretic behavior, etc., have been studied and the impact of reinforcing measures with a corner or not on the seismic performance of test pieces has been mainly analyzed. The test results show that the destruction of the box-plate steel structure modular unit under the low cyclic loading effect starts with corner buckling and ends with corner wallboard tear. The test piece has excellent bearing capacity and energy dissipation; the corner reinforcing structure measure also has enhanced the seismic performance of the modular unit. Based on the test, we have taken finite element numerical simulation to the test pieces, compared the analysis result of the test with the finite element, and verified the effectiveness of the finite element analysis method. This paper designs four groups of 64 finite element model test pieces and discusses the influence law of the height-thickness ratio of the wallboard, flexibility coefficient of corner reinforcing structure rib, and axial compression ratio to the seismic performance of the modular unit. The results show that the bearing capacity of the test piece is decreased with the increase of axial compression ratio under the premise that the wallboard height-thickness ratio and flexibility coefficient of the corner reinforcing structure rib are certain. Based on the above analysis results, we have put forward the lateral force resistance calculation model of the reinforcing structure modular unit with or without corner.

This paper aims to study the hysteretic characteristics of the steel plates artificially corroded by neutral salt spray. Salt spray was applied to accelerate the corrosion on the steel plates; specimens of varying degrees of corrosion were obtained in this manner. And each specimen was subject to cyclic loading test to get the hysteretic curve. Then the experimental results were extensively discussed, focusing on strength and ductility, hysteretic energy, the skeleton curve, and unloading and loading curve. After that, the hysteretic constitutive model of corroded steel was established based on the first time loading criterion, unloading criterion, cycle skeleton criterion, and reloading curve criterion. The result of the experiment showed that, with the increase of the degree of corrosion, the mechanical properties and seismic energy dissipation performance of seismic energy of the steel decreased; the deterioration of ductility got aggravated. On the other hand, the skeleton curve and the Ramberg-Osgood model were well matched, and the coefficient of circular enhancement showed a decreasing trend; the variation of cyclic hardening exponent did not have an obvious pattern. Meanwhile, the hysteretic constitutive model of corroded steel and the results of the experiment were well matched.