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【Objective】 Winter wheat-cotton rotation is a common cultivation in Yellow River Basin in China, but they have an overlapped growing period. How to plant the cotton to make most of above- and below-ground resources is an issue that is not well understood. This paper aims to investigate how planting and irrigation combine to modulate growth, yields, quality and economic return of the two crops. 【Method】 The experiment was conducted in a field, with the cotton either directly drilled before the wheat was harvested or transplanted from a seedling bed after wheat harvest. We compared three irrigations: border irrigation, micro-sprinkling hose irrigation and surface drip irrigation. 【Result】 Transplantation improved leaf area index (LAI) and yield of the winter wheat, as well as the net income of winter wheat compared with directly drilling, despite a 5.64% reduction in cotton yield; overall, its total net income was 8.64% higher than the directly drilling. Compared with border irrigation and micro-sprinkling hose irrigation, surface drip irrigation significantly improved the plant height, LAI, yield and economic return of the two crops. The total net income of surface drip irrigation was 36.01% and 10.10% higher than that of border irrigation and micro-sprinkling hose irrigation, respectively. Transplantation combined with surface drip irrigation gave the highest net income at 15 924.9 yuan/hm2. 【Conclusion】 Transplanting cotton seedling after harvesting the winter wheat combined with surface drip irrigation reduces their competition for resources and is therefore optimal for wheat-cotton rotation in the Yellow River Basin.

Dielectric barrier discharge ionization is increasingly used for rapid detection in ambient mass spectrometry, although more often for gaseous and highly volatile samples than for solids and liquids. In this project, we present a rapid and sensitive method for detecting mycotoxins and demonstrate its capability for the detection of aflatoxin B1, zearalenone, and ochratoxin A in food samples. Our method is based on thermal desorption coupled to dielectric barrier discharge ionization mass spectrometry (TD-DBDI-MS), which we show generates minimal interferences and produces almost exclusively molecular ions. We detected mycotoxins in various food samples, including corn, peanuts, millet, and rice. Our method has a linear dynamic range of 1 μg kg−1 to 100 μg kg−1 for all three mycotoxins and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.31 μg kg−1, 0.28 μg kg−1 and 0.43 μg kg−1, respectively. It is simple, rapid, reduces the pretreatment steps and has significant potential for practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mushrooms are delicious foodstuffs that are rich in nutrients, but they have high moisture contents and are easily spoiled. While mushrooms are usually preserved by drying, the process tends to reduce quality, and it takes a long time and consumes a large amount of energy. To improve the mushroom drying efficiency and quality, pretreatment is often conducted. In this review, a comprehensive summary of commonly used pretreatments for mushroom drying is provided. Moreover, the effects of various pretreatments on the drying rate and quality characteristics of mushrooms are summarized, and their respective advantages and limitations are analyzed. Furthermore, the application and development prospects of various mushroom drying pretreatments are analyzed and discussed. Practical applications: The pretreatment before mushroom drying can shorten drying time, maintain the optimal color and taste of dried mushroom, and reduce nutrient loss. This review summarizes two types of pretreatment methods used in mushroom drying: thermal pretreatment and nonthermal pretreatment. It can provide reference for the application and research of pretreatment in mushroom drying, and also provide new ideas for the optimization of industrial mushroom drying processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents design of a high-precision curvature-compensated bandgap reference (BGR) circuit implemented in a 0.35 μm CMOS technology. The circuit delivers an output voltage of 1.09 V and achieves the lowest reported temperature coefficient of ~3.1 ppm/°C over a wide temperature range of [−20°C/+100°C] after trimming, a power supply rejection ratio of −80 dB at 1 kHz and an output noise level of 1.43 μV $$ \sqrt {\text{Hz}} $$ at 1 kHz. The BGR circuit consumes a very low current of 37 μA at 3 V and works for a power supply down to 1.5 V. The BGR circuit has a die size of 980 μm × 830 μm.

On-chip electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection design is a challenging IC design problem. New computer-aided design (CAD) tools are essential to ESD protection design prediction and verification at full chip level. This paper reports a novel smart parametric-checking mechanism and a new intelligent CAD tool, entitled ESDlnspector, developed for full-chip ESD-protection circuitry-design verification. Capability of the new tool is demonstrated using a practical design example in a 0.35-μm BiCMOS technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]