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1,600 results on '"Guan, D"'

2. Structure discovery in Atomic Force Microscopy imaging of ice

Author

Priante, F., Oinonen, N., Tian, Y., Guan, D., Xu, C., Cai, S., Liljeroth, P., Jiang, Y., and Foster, A. S.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

The interaction of water with surfaces is crucially important in a wide range of natural and technological settings. In particular, at low temperatures, unveiling the atomistic structure of adsorbed water clusters would provide valuable data for understanding the ice nucleation process. Using high-resolution Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy, several studies have demonstrated the presence of water pentamers, hexamers, heptamers (and of their combinations) on a variety of metallic surfaces, as well the initial stages of 2D ice growth on an insulating surface. However, in all these cases, the observed structures were completely flat, providing a relatively straightforward path to interpretation. Here, we present high-resolution AFM measurements of several new water clusters on Au(111) and Cu(111), whose understanding presents significant challenges, due to both their highly 3D configuration and to their large size. For each of them, we use a combination of machine learning, atomistic modelling with neural network potentials and statistical sampling to propose an underlying atomic structure, finally comparing its AFM simulated images to the experimental ones. These results provide new insights into the early phases of ice formation, which is a ubiquitous phenomenon ranging from biology to astrophysics.

Published
2023
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3. Reversal of spin-polarization near the Fermi level of the Rashba semiconductor BiTeCl

Author

Qu, J, Han, X, Sakamoto, S, Jia, CJ, Liu, J, Li, H, Guan, D, Zeng, Y-J, Schüler, M, Kirchmann, PS, Moritz, B, Hussain, Z, Devereaux, TP, Shen, Z-X, and Sobota, JA

Subjects
Quantum Physics, Physical Sciences, Condensed Matter Physics, Engineering, Physical sciences
Abstract

Spin–orbit coupling forms the physical basis for quantum materials with non-trivial topology and potential spintronics applications. The Rashba interaction is a textbook model of spin–orbit interactions, with charge carriers undergoing linear, isotropic spin-splitting in momentum space. Recently, non-centrosymmetric semiconductors in the family BiTeX (X = Cl, Br, I) have been identified as exemplary Rashba materials due to the strong splitting of their bulk bands, yet a detailed investigation of their spin textures, and their relationships to local crystal symmetry, is currently lacking. We perform high-efficiency spin-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to directly image the spin texture of surface states of BiTeCl, and we find dramatic deviations from idealized behavior, including a reversal of the spin-polarization near the Fermi level. We show that this behavior can be described by higher-order contributions to the canonical Rashba model with the surface states localized to individual trilayers of the crystal. Due to the prominence of these effects near the Fermi level, they should have a strong impact on the spin-dependent transport of carriers.

Published
2023

5. From finite nuclei to neutron stars : the essential role of high-order density dependence in effective forces

Author

Jiang, C. J., Qiang, Y., Guan, D. W., Chai, Q. Z., Qiao, C. Y., and Pei, J. C.

Subjects
Nuclear Theory
Abstract

A unified description of finite nuclei and equation of state of neutron stars present a major challenge as well as opportunities for understandings of nuclear interactions.Inspired by the Lee-Huang-Yang formula of hard-sphere gases, we developed effective nuclear interactions with an additional high-order density dependent term.The original Skyrme force SLy4 is widely used in studies of neutron stars but is not satisfied for global descriptions of finite nuclei. The refitted SLy4${'}$ force can improve descriptions of finite nuclei but slightly reduces the radius of neutron star of 1.4 solar mass.We found that the extended SLy4 force with a higher-order density dependence can properly describe properties of both finite nuclei and GW170817 binary neutron stars, including the mass-radius relation and the tidal deformability. This demonstrated the essential role of high-order density dependence at ultrahigh densities. Our work provides a unified and predictive model for neutron stars, as well as new insights for the future development of effective interactions., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, published in Chin. Phys. Lett. 2021, 38 (5): 052101

Published
2020
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6. Constraints on the neutron drip-line with the newly observed 39Na

Author

Chai, Q. Z., Pei, J. C., Fei, Na, and Guan, D. W.

Subjects
Nuclear Theory
Abstract

The recently observed weakly-bound 39Na provides a stringent theoretical constraint on the neutron drip-line. We studied the properties of drip-line nuclei around 39Na with the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov method and various Skyrme interactions. We adopted the extended SkM*-ext1 parameterization which can properly describe two-neutron separation energies of oxygen and fluorine isotopes and deformations at the center of the "island of inversion". Systematic calculations of drip lines of O, F, Ne, Na, Mg, and Al isotopes have been performed. We infer that 42Mg is weakly bound and 45Al is less weakly bound. 44Mg and 47Al could be barely existed. We also demonstrated the deformed halo properties of 39Na. Our studies could be valuable for experimental explorations of drip-line nuclei in the forthcoming FRIB and other rare-isotope beam facilities ., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, submitted

Published
2020
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9. Electronic structure of Ba(Zn0.875Mn0.125)2As2 studied by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy

Author

Zhu, Fengfeng, Jiang, W. X., Li, P., Wang, Z. Q., Man, H. Y., Li, Y. Y., Liu, Canhua, Guan, D. D., Jia, J. F., Ning, F. L., Luo, Weidong, and Qian, D.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Electronic structure of single crystalline Ba(Zn$_{0.875}$Mn$_{0.125}$)$_{2}$As$_{2}$, parent compound of the recently founded high-temperature ferromagnetic semiconductor, was studied by high-resolution photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES). Through systematically photon energy and polarization dependent measurements, the energy bands along the out-of-plane and in-plane directions were experimentally determined. Except the localized states of Mn, the measured band dispersions agree very well with the first-principle calculations of undoped BaZn$_{2}$As$_{2}$. A new feature related to Mn 3d states was identified at the binding energies of about -1.6 eV besides the previously observed feature at about -3.3 eV. We suggest that the hybridization between Mn and As orbitals strongly enhanced the density of states around -1.6 eV. Although our resolution is much better compared with previous soft X-ray photoemission experiments, no clear hybridization gap between Mn 3d states and the valence bands proposed by previous model calculations was detected.

Published
2016

10. A compendium of genetic regulatory effects across pig tissues

Author

Teng, J, Gao, Y, Yin, H, Bai, Z, Liu, S, Zeng, H, Bai, L, Cai, Z, Zhao, B, Li, X, Xu, Z, Lin, Q, Pan, Z, Yang, W, Yu, X, Guan, D, Hou, Y, Keel, BN, Rohrer, GA, Lindholm-Perry, AK, Oliver, WT, Ballester, M, Crespo-Piazuelo, D, Quintanilla, R, Canela-Xandri, O, Rawlik, K, Xia, C, Yao, Y, Zhao, Q, Yao, W, Yang, L, Li, H, Zhang, H, Liao, W, Chen, T, Karlskov-Mortensen, P, Fredholm, M, Amills, M, Clop, A, Giuffra, E, Wu, J, Cai, X, Diao, S, Pan, X, Wei, C, Li, J, Cheng, H, Wang, S, Su, G, Sahana, G, Lund, MS, Dekkers, JCM, Kramer, L, Tuggle, CK, Corbett, R, Groenen, MAM, Madsen, O, Godia, M, Rocha, D, Charles, M, Li, C-J, Pausch, H, Hu, X, Frantz, L, Luo, Y, Lin, L, Zhou, Z, Zhang, Z, Chen, Z, Cui, L, Xiang, R, Shen, X, Li, P, Huang, R, Tang, G, Li, M, Zhao, Y, Yi, G, Tang, Z, Jiang, J, Zhao, F, Yuan, X, Liu, X, Chen, Y, Xu, X, Zhao, S, Zhao, P, Haley, C, Zhou, H, Wang, Q, Pan, Y, Ding, X, Ma, L, Navarro, P, Zhang, Q, Li, B, Tenesa, A, Li, K, Liu, GE, Fang, L, Teng, J, Gao, Y, Yin, H, Bai, Z, Liu, S, Zeng, H, Bai, L, Cai, Z, Zhao, B, Li, X, Xu, Z, Lin, Q, Pan, Z, Yang, W, Yu, X, Guan, D, Hou, Y, Keel, BN, Rohrer, GA, Lindholm-Perry, AK, Oliver, WT, Ballester, M, Crespo-Piazuelo, D, Quintanilla, R, Canela-Xandri, O, Rawlik, K, Xia, C, Yao, Y, Zhao, Q, Yao, W, Yang, L, Li, H, Zhang, H, Liao, W, Chen, T, Karlskov-Mortensen, P, Fredholm, M, Amills, M, Clop, A, Giuffra, E, Wu, J, Cai, X, Diao, S, Pan, X, Wei, C, Li, J, Cheng, H, Wang, S, Su, G, Sahana, G, Lund, MS, Dekkers, JCM, Kramer, L, Tuggle, CK, Corbett, R, Groenen, MAM, Madsen, O, Godia, M, Rocha, D, Charles, M, Li, C-J, Pausch, H, Hu, X, Frantz, L, Luo, Y, Lin, L, Zhou, Z, Zhang, Z, Chen, Z, Cui, L, Xiang, R, Shen, X, Li, P, Huang, R, Tang, G, Li, M, Zhao, Y, Yi, G, Tang, Z, Jiang, J, Zhao, F, Yuan, X, Liu, X, Chen, Y, Xu, X, Zhao, S, Zhao, P, Haley, C, Zhou, H, Wang, Q, Pan, Y, Ding, X, Ma, L, Navarro, P, Zhang, Q, Li, B, Tenesa, A, Li, K, Liu, GE, and Fang, L

Abstract

The Farm Animal Genotype-Tissue Expression (FarmGTEx) project has been established to develop a public resource of genetic regulatory variants in livestock, which is essential for linking genetic polymorphisms to variation in phenotypes, helping fundamental biological discovery and exploitation in animal breeding and human biomedicine. Here we show results from the pilot phase of PigGTEx by processing 5,457 RNA-sequencing and 1,602 whole-genome sequencing samples passing quality control from pigs. We build a pig genotype imputation panel and associate millions of genetic variants with five types of transcriptomic phenotypes in 34 tissues. We evaluate tissue specificity of regulatory effects and elucidate molecular mechanisms of their action using multi-omics data. Leveraging this resource, we decipher regulatory mechanisms underlying 207 pig complex phenotypes and demonstrate the similarity of pigs to humans in gene expression and the genetic regulation behind complex phenotypes, supporting the importance of pigs as a human biomedical model.

Published
2024

11. Tuning synergy between nickel and iron in Ruddlesden–Popper perovskites through controllable crystal dimensionalities towards enhanced oxygen-evolving activity and stability

Author

Zhang, H., Guan, D., Gu, Y., Xu, Hengyue, Wang, C., Shao, Zongping, Guo, Y., Zhang, H., Guan, D., Gu, Y., Xu, Hengyue, Wang, C., Shao, Zongping, and Guo, Y.

Abstract

Ni–Fe-based oxides are among the most promising catalysts developed to date for the bottleneck oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in water electrolysis. However, understanding and mastering the synergy of Ni and Fe remain challenging. Herein, we report that the synergy between Ni and Fe can be tailored by crystal dimensionality of Ni, Fe-contained Ruddlesden–Popper (RP)-type perovskites (La0.125Sr0.875)n+1(Ni0.25Fe0.75)nO3n+1 (n = 1, 2, 3), where the material with n = 3 shows the best OER performance in alkaline media. Soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy spectra before and after OER reveal that the material with n = 3 shows enhanced Ni/Fe–O covalency to boost the electron transfer as compared to those with n = 1 and n = 2. Further experimental investigations demonstrate that the Fe ion is the active site and the Ni ion is the stable site in this system, where such unique synergy reaches the optimum at n = 3. Besides, as n increases, the proportion of unstable rock-salt layers accordingly decreases and the leaching of ions (especially Sr2+) into the electrolyte is suppressed, which induces a decrease in the leaching of active Fe ions, ultimately leading to enhanced stability. This work provides a new avenue for rational catalyst design through the dimensional strategy.

Published
2024

12. Electronic structure of a superconducting topological insulator Sr-doped Bi2Se3

Author

Han, C. Q., Li, H., Chen, W. J., Zhu, Fengfeng, Yao, Meng-Yu, Li, Z. J., Wang, M., Gao, Bo F., Guan, D. D., Liu, Canhua, Gao, C. L., Qian, Dong, and Jia, Jin-Feng

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Superconductivity
Abstract

Using high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy, the atomic and low energy electronic structure of the Sr-doped superconducting topological insulators (SrxBi2Se3) was studied. Scanning tunneling microscopy shows that most of the Sr atoms are not in the van der Waals gap. After Sr doping, the Fermi level was found to move further upwards when compared with the parent compound Bi2Se3, which is consistent with the low carrier density in this system. The topological surface state was clearly observed, and the position of the Dirac point was determined in all doped samples. The surface state is well separated from the bulk conduction bands in the momentum space. The persistence of separated topological surface state combined with small Fermi energy makes this superconducting material a very promising candidate for the time reversal invariant topological superconductor

Published
2015
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13. Topologically Nontrivial Bismuth(111) Thin Films Grown on Bi2Te3

Author

Yao, Meng-Yu, Zhu, Fengfeng, Miao, Lin, Han, C. Q., Yang, Fang, Guan, D. D., Gao, C. L., Liu, Canhua, Qian, Dong, and Jia, Jin-feng

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Using high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, the electronic structure near the Fermi level and the topological property of the Bi(111) films grown on the Bi$_2$Te$_3$(111) substrate were studied. Very different from the bulk Bi, we found another surface band near the $\bar{M}$ point besides the two well-known surface bands on the Bi(111) surface. With this new surface band, the bulk valence band and the bulk conduction band of Bi can be connected by the surface states. Our band mapping revealed odd number of Fermi crossings of the surface bands, which provided a direct experimental signature that Bi(111) thin films of a certain thickness on the Bi$_2$Te$_3$(111) substrate can be topologically nontrivial in three dimension.

Published
2015
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14. Investigation of rubber content and size on dynamic properties of expansive soil–rubber.

Author

Yang, Z. N., Lu, Z. C., Shi, W., Wang, C., Ling, X. Z., Li, J., and Guan, D.

Subjects
RUBBER waste, SWELLING soils, RUBBER, MODULUS of rigidity, SHEARING force
Abstract

Waste rubber has been widely applied in geotechnical engineering, benefiting from its light weight, high elasticity, low density, good durability and high compressibility. In this paper, the effects of rubber content (RC) and rubber size (d0) on the dynamic properties of expansive soil–rubber (ESR) were investigated by low-temperature dynamic triaxial tests. The results show that: (1) the shear stress of ESR decreases with the increase of RC with a particle size ratio of 1.3, but first decreases and then increases with a particle size ratio of 2.4; (2) the RC threshold between soil-like and rubber-like ESR is 10%; (3) the maximum shear modulus ratio of ESR occurs at RC = 10% and d0 = 0.25 mm, with the best dynamic performance; (4) the hysteretic curve of ESR was flat and elliptical, deviating upward to the right at freezing condition. In addition, different contact modes between rubber and expansive soil are proposed and the contact mechanism has been revealed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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15. Electronic Structures of Black Phosphorus Studied by Angle-resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy

Author

Han, C. Q., Yao, M. Y., Bai, X. X., Miao, Lin, Zhu, Fengfeng, Guan, D. D., Wang, Shun, Gao, C. L., Liu, Canhua, Qian, Dong, Liu, Y., and Jia, Jin-feng

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Electronic structures of single crystalline black phosphorus were studied by state-of-art angleresolved photoemission spectroscopy. Through high resolution photon energy dependence measurements, the band dispersions along out-of-plane and in-plane directions are experimentally determined. The electrons were found to be more localized in the ab-plane than that is predicted in calculations. Beside the kz-dispersive bulk bands, resonant surface state is also observed in the momentum space. Our finds strongly suggest that more details need to be considered to fully understand the electronic properties of black phosphorus theoretically.

Published
2014
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16. Fully Gapped s-wave-like Superconducting State and Electronic Structures in the Ir0.95Pd0.05Te2 Single Crystals with Strong Spin-orbital Coupling

Author

Yu, D. J., Yang, F., Miao, Lin, Han, C. Q., Yao, Meng-Yu, Zhu, Fengfeng, Song, Y. R., Zhang, K. F., Ge, J. F., Yao, X., Zou, Z. Q., Li, Z. J., Gao, B., Guan, D. D., Liu, Canhua, Gao, C. L., Qian, Dong, and Jia, Jin-feng

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Superconductivity
Abstract

Due to the large spin-orbital coupling in the layered 5d-transition metal chalcogenides compound, the occurrence of superconductivity in Ir2-xPdxTe2 offers a good chance to search for possible topological superconducting states in this system. We did comprehensive studies on the superconducting properties and electronic structures of single crystalline Ir0.95Pd0.05Te2 samples. The superconducting gap size, critical fields and coherence length along different directions were experimentally determined. Macroscopic bulk measurements and microscopic low temperature scanning tunneling spectroscopy results suggest that Ir0.95Pd0.05Te2 possesses a BCS-like s-wave state. No sign of zero bias conductance peak were found in the vortex core at 0.4K.

Published
2014
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17. NTIRE 2023 Quality Assessment of Video Enhancement Challenge

Author

Liu, X, Min, X, Sun, W, Zhang, Y, Zhang, K, Timofte, R, Zhai, G, Gao, Y, Cao, Y, Kou, T, Dong, Y, Jia, Z, Li, Y, Wu, W, Hu, S, Deng, S, Xiao, P, Chen, Y, Li, K, Zhao, K, Yuan, K, Sun, M, Cong, H, Wang, H, Fu, L, Zhang, R, Shi, H, Xu, Q, Xiao, L, Ma, Z, Agarla, M, Celona, L, Rota, C, Schettini, R, Huang, Z, Wang, X, Lei, L, Liu, H, Hong, W, Chuang, I, Lin, A, Guan, D, Chen, I, Lou, K, Huang, W, Tasi, Y, Kao, Y, Fan, H, Kong, F, Zhou, S, Lai, Y, Chen, S, Wang, W, Wu, H, Chen, C, Zhu, C, Guo, Z, Zhao, S, Yin, H, Meftah, H, Fezza, S, Hamidouche, W, Déforges, O, Shi, T, Mansouri, A, Motamednia, H, Bakhtiari, A, Aznaveh, A, Liu X., Min X., Sun W., Zhang Y., Zhang K., Timofte R., Zhai G., Gao Y., Cao Y., Kou T., Dong Y., Jia Z., Li Y., Wu W., Hu S., Deng S., Xiao P., Chen Y., Li K., Zhao K., Yuan K., Sun M., Cong H., Wang H., Fu L., Zhang R., Shi H., Xu Q., Xiao L., Ma Z., Agarla M., Celona L., Rota C., Schettini R., Huang Z., Wang X., Lei L., Liu H., Hong W., Chuang I., Lin A., Guan D., Chen I., Lou K., Huang W., Tasi Y., Kao Y., Fan H., Kong F., Zhou S., Lai Y., Chen S., Wang W., Wu H., Chen C., Zhu C., Guo Z., Zhao S., Yin H., Meftah H. B., Fezza S. A., Hamidouche W., Déforges O., Shi T., Mansouri A., Motamednia H., Bakhtiari A. H., Aznaveh A. M., Liu, X, Min, X, Sun, W, Zhang, Y, Zhang, K, Timofte, R, Zhai, G, Gao, Y, Cao, Y, Kou, T, Dong, Y, Jia, Z, Li, Y, Wu, W, Hu, S, Deng, S, Xiao, P, Chen, Y, Li, K, Zhao, K, Yuan, K, Sun, M, Cong, H, Wang, H, Fu, L, Zhang, R, Shi, H, Xu, Q, Xiao, L, Ma, Z, Agarla, M, Celona, L, Rota, C, Schettini, R, Huang, Z, Wang, X, Lei, L, Liu, H, Hong, W, Chuang, I, Lin, A, Guan, D, Chen, I, Lou, K, Huang, W, Tasi, Y, Kao, Y, Fan, H, Kong, F, Zhou, S, Lai, Y, Chen, S, Wang, W, Wu, H, Chen, C, Zhu, C, Guo, Z, Zhao, S, Yin, H, Meftah, H, Fezza, S, Hamidouche, W, Déforges, O, Shi, T, Mansouri, A, Motamednia, H, Bakhtiari, A, Aznaveh, A, Liu X., Min X., Sun W., Zhang Y., Zhang K., Timofte R., Zhai G., Gao Y., Cao Y., Kou T., Dong Y., Jia Z., Li Y., Wu W., Hu S., Deng S., Xiao P., Chen Y., Li K., Zhao K., Yuan K., Sun M., Cong H., Wang H., Fu L., Zhang R., Shi H., Xu Q., Xiao L., Ma Z., Agarla M., Celona L., Rota C., Schettini R., Huang Z., Wang X., Lei L., Liu H., Hong W., Chuang I., Lin A., Guan D., Chen I., Lou K., Huang W., Tasi Y., Kao Y., Fan H., Kong F., Zhou S., Lai Y., Chen S., Wang W., Wu H., Chen C., Zhu C., Guo Z., Zhao S., Yin H., Meftah H. B., Fezza S. A., Hamidouche W., Déforges O., Shi T., Mansouri A., Motamednia H., Bakhtiari A. H., and Aznaveh A. M.

Abstract

This paper reports on the NTIRE 2023 Quality Assessment of Video Enhancement Challenge, which will be held in conjunction with the New Trends in Image Restoration and Enhancement Workshop (NTIRE) at CVPR 2023. This challenge is to address a major challenge in the field of video processing, namely, video quality assessment (VQA) for enhanced videos. The challenge uses the VQA Dataset for Perceptual Video Enhancement (VDPVE), which has a total of 1211 enhanced videos, including 600 videos with color, brightness, and contrast enhancements, 310 videos with deblurring, and 301 deshaked videos. The challenge has a total of 167 registered participants. 61 participating teams submitted their prediction results during the development phase, with a total of 3168 submissions. A total of 176 submissions were submitted by 37 participating teams during the final testing phase. Finally, 19 participating teams submitted their models and fact sheets, and detailed the methods they used. Some methods have achieved better results than baseline methods, and the winning methods have demonstrated superior prediction performance.

Published
2023

19. Evidence for a direct band gap in the topological insulator Bi2Se3 from theory and experiment

Author

Nechaev, I. A., Hatch, R. C., Bianchi, M., Guan, D., Friedrich, C., Aguilera, I., Mi, J. L., Iversen, B. B., Blügel, S., Hofmann, Ph., and Chulkov, E. V.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Using angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy and ab-initio GW calculations, we unambiguously show that the widely investigated three-dimensional topological insulator Bi2Se3 has a direct band gap at the Gamma point. Experimentally, this is shown by a three-dimensional band mapping in large fractions of the Brillouin zone. Theoretically, we demonstrate that the valence band maximum is located at the Brillouin center only if many-body effects are included in the calculation. Otherwise, it is found in a high-symmetry mirror plane away from the zone center., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures

Published
2012
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20. Unconventional spin texture of a topologically nontrivial semimetal Sb(110)

Author

Strozecka, A., Eiguren, A., Bianchi, M., Guan, D., Voetmann, C. H., Bao, S., Hofmann, Ph., and Pascual, J. I.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

The surfaces of antimony are characterized by the presence of spin-split states within the projected bulk band gap and the Fermi contour is thus expected to exhibit a spin texture. Using spin-resolved density functional theory calculations, we determine the spin polarization of the surface bands of Sb(110). The existence of the unconventional spin texture is corroborated by the investigations of the electron scattering on this surface. The charge interference patterns formed around single scattering impurities, imaged by scanning tunneling microscopy, reveal the absence of direct backscattering signal. We identify the allowed scattering vectors and analyze their bias evolution in relation to the surface-state dispersion., Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures

Published
2012

21. Large tuneable Rashba spin splitting of a two-dimensional electron gas in Bi2Se3

Author

King, P. D. C., Hatch, R. C., Bianchi, M., Ovsyannikov, R., Lupulescu, C., Landolt, G., Slomski, B., Dil, J. H., Guan, D., Mi, J. L., Rienks, E. D. L., Fink, J., Lindblad, A., Svensson, S., Bao, S., Balakrishnan, G., Iversen, B. B., Osterwalder, J., Eberhardt, W., Baumberger, F., and Hofmann, Ph.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases
Abstract

We report a Rashba spin splitting of a two-dimensional electron gas in the topological insulator Bi$_2$Se$_3$ from angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. We further demonstrate its electrostatic control, and show that spin splittings can be achieved which are at least an order-of-magnitude larger than in other semiconductors. Together these results show promise for the miniaturization of spintronic devices to the nanoscale and their operation at room temperature., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures. Substantially revised

Published
2011
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22. China's international trade and air pollution in the United States

Author

Lin, J., Pan, D., Davis, S. J, Zhang, Q., He, K., Wang, C., Streets, D. G, Wuebbles, D. J, and Guan, D.

Subjects
input–output, analysis emission control, international collaboration
Abstract

China is the world’s largest emitter of anthropogenic air pollutants, and measurable amounts of Chinese pollution are transported via the atmosphere to other countries, including the United States. However, a large fraction of Chinese emissions is due to manufacture of goods for foreign consumption. Here, we analyze the impacts of trade-related Chinese air pollutant emissions on the global atmospheric environment, linking an economic-emission analysis and atmospheric chemical transport modeling. We find that in 2006, 36% of anthropogenic sulfur dioxide, 27% of nitrogen oxides, 22% of carbon monoxide, and 17% of black carbon emitted in China were associated with production of goods for export. For each of these pollutants, about 21% of export-related Chinese emissions were attributed to China-to-US export. Atmospheric modeling shows that transport of the export-related Chinese pollution contributed 3–10% of annual mean surface sulfate concentrations and 0.5–1.5% of ozone over the western United States in 2006. This Chinese pollution also resulted in one extra day or more of noncompliance with the US ozone standard in 2006 over the Los Angeles area and many regions in the eastern United States. On a daily basis, the export-related Chinese pollution contributed, at a maximum, 12–24% of sulfate concentrations over the western United States. As the United States outsourced manufacturing to China, sulfate pollution in 2006 increased in the western United States but decreased in the eastern United States, reflecting the competing effect between enhanced transport of Chinese pollution and reduced US emissions. Our findings are relevant to international efforts to reduce transboundary air pollution.

Published
2014

23. Outsourcing CO2 within China

Author

Feng, K., Davis, S. J, Sun, L., Li, X., Guan, D., Liu, W., Liu, Z., and Hubacek, K.

Subjects
embodied emissions in trade, regional disparity, multiregional input–output analysis
Abstract

Recent studies have shown that the high standard of living enjoyed by people in the richest countries often comes at the expense of CO2 emissions produced with technologies of low efficiency in less affluent, developing countries. Less apparent is that this relationship between developed and developing can exist within a single country’s borders, with rich regions consuming and exporting high-value goods and services that depend upon production of low-cost and emission-intensive goods and services from poorer regions in the same country. As the world’s largest emitter of CO2, China is a prominent and important example, struggling to balance rapid economic growth and environmental sustainability across provinces that are in very different stages of development. In this study, we track CO2 emissions embodied in products traded among Chinese provinces and internationally. We find that 57% of China’s emissions are related to goods that are consumed outside of the province where they are produced. For instance, up to 80% of the emissions related to goods consumed in the highly developed coastal provinces are imported from less developed provinces in central and western China where many low–value-added but high–carbon-intensive goods are produced. Without policy attention to this sort of interprovincial carbon leakage, the less developed provinces will struggle to meet their emissions intensity targets, whereas the more developed provinces might achieve their own targets by further outsourcing. Consumption-based accounting of emissions can thus inform effective and equitable climate policy within China.

Published
2013

25. The 2023 China report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: taking stock for a thriving future

Author

Zhang, S., Zhang, C., Cai, W., Bai, Y., Callaghan, M., Chang, N., Chen, B., Chen, H., Cheng, L., Dai, H., Dai, X., Fan, W., Fang, X., Gao, T., Geng, Y., Guan, D., Hu, Y., Hua, J., Huang, C., Huang, H., Huang, J., Huang, X., Ji, J., Jiang, Q., Jiang, X., Kiesewetter, G., Li, T., Liang, L., Lin, B., Lin, H., Liu, H., Liu, Q., Liu, X., Liu, Z., Liu, Y., Lu, B., Lu, C., Luo, Z., Ma, W., Mi, Z., Ren, C., Romanello, M., Shen, J., Su, J., Sun, Y., Sun, X., Tang, X., Walawender, M., Wang, C., Wang, Q., Wang, R., Warnecke, L., Wei, W., Wen, S., Xie, Y., Xiong, H., Xu, B., Yan, Y., Yang, X., Yao, F., Yu, L., Yuan, J., Zeng, Y., Zhang, J., Zhang, L., Zhang, R., Zhao, M., Zheng, D., Zhou, H., Zhou, J., Zhou, Z., Luo, Y., Gong, P., Zhang, S., Zhang, C., Cai, W., Bai, Y., Callaghan, M., Chang, N., Chen, B., Chen, H., Cheng, L., Dai, H., Dai, X., Fan, W., Fang, X., Gao, T., Geng, Y., Guan, D., Hu, Y., Hua, J., Huang, C., Huang, H., Huang, J., Huang, X., Ji, J., Jiang, Q., Jiang, X., Kiesewetter, G., Li, T., Liang, L., Lin, B., Lin, H., Liu, H., Liu, Q., Liu, X., Liu, Z., Liu, Y., Lu, B., Lu, C., Luo, Z., Ma, W., Mi, Z., Ren, C., Romanello, M., Shen, J., Su, J., Sun, Y., Sun, X., Tang, X., Walawender, M., Wang, C., Wang, Q., Wang, R., Warnecke, L., Wei, W., Wen, S., Xie, Y., Xiong, H., Xu, B., Yan, Y., Yang, X., Yao, F., Yu, L., Yuan, J., Zeng, Y., Zhang, J., Zhang, L., Zhang, R., Zhao, M., Zheng, D., Zhou, H., Zhou, J., Zhou, Z., Luo, Y., and Gong, P.

Published
2023
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26. Leveraging climate actions for healthy ageing

Author

Cai, W., Zhang, C., Zhang, S., Bai, Y., Callaghan, M., Chang, N., Chen, B., Chen, H., Cheng, L., Cui, X., Dai, H., Danna, B., Dong, W., Fan, W., Fang, X., Gao, T., Geng, Y., Guan, D., Hu, Y., Hua, J., Huang, C., Huang, H., Huang, J., Jiang, L., Jiang, Q., Jiang, X., Jin, H., Kiesewetter, G., Liang, L., Lin, B., Lin, H., Liu, H., Liu, Q., Liu, T., Liu, X., Liu, Z., Lou, S., Lu, C., Luo, Z., Meng, W., Miao, H., Ren, C., Romanello, M., Schöpp, W., Su, J., Tang, X., Wang, C., Wang, Q., Warnecke, L., Wen, S., Winiwarter, W., Xie, Y., Xu, B., Yan, Y., Yang, X., Yao, F., Yu, L., Yuan, J., Zeng, Y., Zhang, J., Zhang, L., Zhang, R., Zhao, Q., Zheng, D., Zhou, H., Zhou, J., Fung, M., Luo, Y., Gong, P., Cai, W., Zhang, C., Zhang, S., Bai, Y., Callaghan, M., Chang, N., Chen, B., Chen, H., Cheng, L., Cui, X., Dai, H., Danna, B., Dong, W., Fan, W., Fang, X., Gao, T., Geng, Y., Guan, D., Hu, Y., Hua, J., Huang, C., Huang, H., Huang, J., Jiang, L., Jiang, Q., Jiang, X., Jin, H., Kiesewetter, G., Liang, L., Lin, B., Lin, H., Liu, H., Liu, Q., Liu, T., Liu, X., Liu, Z., Lou, S., Lu, C., Luo, Z., Meng, W., Miao, H., Ren, C., Romanello, M., Schöpp, W., Su, J., Tang, X., Wang, C., Wang, Q., Warnecke, L., Wen, S., Winiwarter, W., Xie, Y., Xu, B., Yan, Y., Yang, X., Yao, F., Yu, L., Yuan, J., Zeng, Y., Zhang, J., Zhang, L., Zhang, R., Zhao, Q., Zheng, D., Zhou, H., Zhou, J., Fung, M., Luo, Y., and Gong, P.

Abstract

As China’s population ages rapidly, the health risks associated with a changing climate are becoming more threatening. The 2022 China report of the Lancet Countdown, led by Tsinghua University with the contributions of 73 experts from 23 leading global institutions, tracks progress in climate change and health in China through 27 indicators across five domains: (1) Climate change impacts, exposure, and vulnerability; (2) adaptation, planning, and resilience for health; (3) mitigation actions and health co-benefits; (4) economics and finance; and (5) public and political engagement. This report is the third China Lancet Countdown report, paying particular attention to the impacts on the elderly and highlighting the urgency of taking action. We selected the most urgent and relevant indicators to complete a policy brief that provides a better understanding of recent progress on climate change and health in China. We found heat-related health impacts increased from 2020 to 2021, increasing heat-related mortality, reducing labour capacity, and undermining the capacity to partake in physical activity due to rising temperature. In addition, exposure to wildfire, extreme drought, and extreme rainfall also increased in different regions across China. In 2021, compared with the 1986–2005 average, people in China had an average of 7.85 more heatwave days (which led to an extra 13185 heatwave-related deaths), and a loss of 0.67 more hours of safe outdoor physical exercise per day. The rising temperature also caused the annual average exposure to wildfire to increase by 60.0% between 2017–2021 compared with the 2001–2005 average. Meanwhile, the engagement on health and climate issues from individuals, scholars, and public sectors continues to grow rapidly. From 2020 to 2021, the number of climate-related articles and documents on the official websites of four Chinese Government departments grew by 1.83 times, and the number of climate-and-health-related articles and documents gr

Published
2023

27. Seizing the window of opportunity to mitigate the impact of climate change on the health of people in China

Author

Cai, W., Zhang, C., Zhang, S., Ai, S., Bai, Y., Bao, J., Chang, N., Chen, B., Chen, H., Cheng, L., Cui, X., Dai, H., Bawuerjiang, D., Di, Q., Dong, W., Dou, D., Fan, W., Fan, X., Fang, X., Gao, T., Gao, Y., Geng, Y., Guan, D., Guo, ., Hamilton, I., Hu, Y., Hua, J., Huang, C., Huang, H., Huang, J., Jiang, Q., Jiang, X., Ke, P., Kiesewetter, G., Lampard, P., Li, C., Li, R., Li, S., Liang, L., Lin, B., Lin, H., Liu, H., Liu, Q., Liu, X., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., Lou, S., Lu, C., Luo, Y., Luo, Z., Ma, W., McGushin, A., Niu, Y., Ren, C., Ruan, Z., Schöpp, W., Shan, Y., Su, J., Sun, T., Wang, C., Wang, Q., Wen, S., Xie, Y., Xiong, H., Xu, B., Xu, M., Yan, Y., Yang, J., Yang, L., Yang, X., Yu, L., Yue, Y., Zeng, .Y, Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Z., Zhao, J., Zhao, L., Zhao, M., Zhao, Q., Zhao, Z., Zhou, J., Zhu, Z., Fu-chun, M., Gong, P., Cai, W., Zhang, C., Zhang, S., Ai, S., Bai, Y., Bao, J., Chang, N., Chen, B., Chen, H., Cheng, L., Cui, X., Dai, H., Bawuerjiang, D., Di, Q., Dong, W., Dou, D., Fan, W., Fan, X., Fang, X., Gao, T., Gao, Y., Geng, Y., Guan, D., Guo, ., Hamilton, I., Hu, Y., Hua, J., Huang, C., Huang, H., Huang, J., Jiang, Q., Jiang, X., Ke, P., Kiesewetter, G., Lampard, P., Li, C., Li, R., Li, S., Liang, L., Lin, B., Lin, H., Liu, H., Liu, Q., Liu, X., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., Lou, S., Lu, C., Luo, Y., Luo, Z., Ma, W., McGushin, A., Niu, Y., Ren, C., Ruan, Z., Schöpp, W., Shan, Y., Su, J., Sun, T., Wang, C., Wang, Q., Wen, S., Xie, Y., Xiong, H., Xu, B., Xu, M., Yan, Y., Yang, J., Yang, L., Yang, X., Yu, L., Yue, Y., Zeng, .Y, Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Z., Zhao, J., Zhao, L., Zhao, M., Zhao, Q., Zhao, Z., Zhou, J., Zhu, Z., Fu-chun, M., and Gong, P.

Abstract

The health threats posed by climate change in China are increasing rapidly. Each province faces different health risks. Without a timely and adequate response, climate change will impact lives and livelihoods at an accelerated rate and even prevent the achievement of the Healthy and Beautiful China initiatives. The 2021 China Report of the Lancet Countdown on Health and Climate Change is the first annual update of China’s Report of the Lancet Countdown. It comprehensively assesses the impact of climate change on the health of Chinese households and the measures China has taken. Invited by the Lancet committee, Tsinghua University led the writing of the report and cooperated with 25 relevant institutions in and outside of China. The report includes 25 indicators within five major areas (climate change impacts, exposures, and vulnerability; adaptation, planning, and resilience for health; mitigation actions and health co-benefits; economics and finance; and public and political engagement) and a policy brief. This 2021 China policy brief contains the most urgent and relevant indicators focusing on provincial data: The increasing health risks of climate change in China; mixed progress in responding to climate change. In 2020, the heatwave exposures per person in China increased by 4.51 d compared with the 1986–2005 average, resulting in an estimated 92% increase in heatwave-related deaths. The resulting economic cost of the estimated 14500 heatwave-related deaths in 2020 is US$176 million. Increased temperatures also caused a potential 31.5 billion h in lost work time in 2020, which is equivalent to 1.3% of the work hours of the total national workforce, with resulting economic losses estimated at 1.4% of China’s annual gross domestic product. For adaptation efforts, there has been steady progress in local adaptation planning and assessment in 2020, urban green space growth in 2020, and health emergency management in 2019. 12 of 30 provinces reported that they have com

Published
2023
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30. Day and night respiration of three tree species in a temperate forest of northeastern China

Author

Sun J, Guan D, Wu J, Jing Y, Yuan F, Wang A, and Jin C

Subjects
Dark Respiration, Deciduous Broadleaved Tree, Evergreen Conifer Tree, Gross Primary Production, Light Inhibition, Temperate Forest, Forestry, SD1-669.5
Abstract

Leaf day respiration is one of the most fundamental plant physiological processes and plays a vital role in the plant carbon cycle. However, day respiration is inherently complex and difficult to measure. In this study, the Kok method and the Laisk method were used to measure leaf day respiration for the saplings of one evergreen conifer species (Pinus koraiensis) and two deciduous broadleaved species (Tilia amurensis and Fraxinus mandshurica) in a temperate forest. Results show that discrepancy between the corrected day respiration values estimated by the Kok and Laisk methods was only 4% for the three tree species. On average, day respiration was 55.9% and 52.6% lower compared to night respiration for the three tree species, as measured by the Kok and Laisk method, respectively. Day respiration of the evergreen conifer species estimated by the Kok method was 31.7% lower while that estimated by the Laisk method was 36.8% lower than that of the deciduous broadleaved species. Night respiration of the evergreen conifer trees was 40.7% lower than those of the deciduous broadleaved trees. Day respiration rate is positively correlated with night respiration rate. Notably, day respiration rate decreased with increased photosynthetic photon flux density, and even a small amount of light significantly inhibited leaf day respiration in all three species.

Published
2015
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35. New Undisputed Evidence and Strategy for Enhanced Lattice-Oxygen Participation of Perovskite Electrocatalyst through Cation Deficiency Manipulation

Author

Xu, Xiaomin, Pan, Y., Zhong, Yijun, Shi, C., Guan, D., Ge, L., Hu, Z., Chin, Y.Y., Lin, H.J., Chen, C.T., Wang, H., Jiang, San Ping, Shao, Zongping, Xu, Xiaomin, Pan, Y., Zhong, Yijun, Shi, C., Guan, D., Ge, L., Hu, Z., Chin, Y.Y., Lin, H.J., Chen, C.T., Wang, H., Jiang, San Ping, and Shao, Zongping

Abstract

Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is a key half-reaction in many electrochemical transformations, and efficient electrocatalysts are critical to improve its kinetics which is typically sluggish due to its multielectron-transfer nature. Perovskite oxides are a popular category of OER catalysts, while their activity remains insufficient under the conventional adsorbate evolution reaction scheme where scaling relations limit activity enhancement. The lattice oxygen-mediated mechanism (LOM) has been recently reported to overcome such scaling relations and boost the OER catalysis over several doped perovskite catalysts. However, direct evidence supporting the LOM participation is still very little because the doping strategy applied would introduce additional active sites that may mask the real reaction mechanism. Herein, a dopant-free, cation deficiency manipulation strategy to tailor the bulk diffusion properties of perovskites without affecting their surface properties is reported, providing a perfect platform for studying the contribution of LOM to OER catalysis. Further optimizing the A-site deficiency achieves a perovskite candidate with excellent intrinsic OER activity, which also demonstrates outstanding performance in rechargeable Zn–air batteries and water electrolyzers. These findings not only corroborate the key role of LOM in OER electrocatalysis, but also provide an effective way for the rational design of better catalyst materials for clean energy technologies.

Published
2022

36. The 2022 China report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: leveraging climate actions for healthy ageing

Author

Cai, W., Zhang, C., Zhang, S., Bai, Y., Callaghan, M., Chang, N., Chen, B., Chen, H., Cheng, L., Cui, X., Dai, H., Danna, B., Dong, W., Fan, W., Fang, X., Gao, T., Geng, Y., Guan, D., Hu, Y., Hua, J., Huang, C., Huang, H., Huang, J., Jiang, L., Jiang, Q., Jiang, X., Jin, H., Kiesewetter, G., Liang, L., Lin, B., Lin, H., Liu, H., Liu, Q., Liu, T., Liu, X., Liu, Z., Lou, S., Lu, C., Luo, Z., Meng, W., Miao, H., Ren, C., Romanello, M., Schöpp, W., Su, J., Tang, X., Wang, C., Wang, Q., Warnecke, L., Wen, S., Winiwarter, W., Xie, Y., Xu, B., Yan, Y., Yang, X., Yao, F., Yu, L., Yuan, J., Zeng, Y., Zhang, J., Zhang, L., Zhang, R., Zhao, Q., Zheng, D., Zhou, H., Zhou, J., Fung, M., Luo, Y., Gong, P., Cai, W., Zhang, C., Zhang, S., Bai, Y., Callaghan, M., Chang, N., Chen, B., Chen, H., Cheng, L., Cui, X., Dai, H., Danna, B., Dong, W., Fan, W., Fang, X., Gao, T., Geng, Y., Guan, D., Hu, Y., Hua, J., Huang, C., Huang, H., Huang, J., Jiang, L., Jiang, Q., Jiang, X., Jin, H., Kiesewetter, G., Liang, L., Lin, B., Lin, H., Liu, H., Liu, Q., Liu, T., Liu, X., Liu, Z., Lou, S., Lu, C., Luo, Z., Meng, W., Miao, H., Ren, C., Romanello, M., Schöpp, W., Su, J., Tang, X., Wang, C., Wang, Q., Warnecke, L., Wen, S., Winiwarter, W., Xie, Y., Xu, B., Yan, Y., Yang, X., Yao, F., Yu, L., Yuan, J., Zeng, Y., Zhang, J., Zhang, L., Zhang, R., Zhao, Q., Zheng, D., Zhou, H., Zhou, J., Fung, M., Luo, Y., and Gong, P.

Published
2022
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37. Global mitigation efforts cannot neglect emerging emitters

Author

Cui, C., Guan, D., Wang, D., Meng, J., Chemutai, V., Brenton, P., Zhang, S., Shan, Y., Zhang, Q., Davis, S., Cui, C., Guan, D., Wang, D., Meng, J., Chemutai, V., Brenton, P., Zhang, S., Shan, Y., Zhang, Q., and Davis, S.

Abstract

International efforts to avoid dangerous climate change have historically focused on reducing energy-related CO2 emissions from countries with either the largest economies (e.g. the EU and the USA) and/or the largest populations (e.g. China and India). However, in recent years, emissions have surged among a different and much less-examined group of countries, raising concerns that a next generation of high-emitting economies will obviate current mitigation targets. Here, we analyse the trends and drivers of emissions in each of the 59 countries where emissions in 2010-2018 grew faster than the global average (excluding China and India), project their emissions under a range of longer-term energy scenarios and estimate the costs of decarbonization pathways. Total emissions from these 'emerging emitters' reach as much as 7.5 GtCO2/year in the baseline 2.5° scenario-substantially greater than the emissions from these regions in previously published scenarios that would limit warming to 1.5°C or even 2°C. Such unanticipated emissions would in turn require non-emitting energy deployment from all sectors within these emerging emitters, and faster and deeper reductions in emissions from other countries to meet international climate goals. Moreover, the annual costs of keeping emissions at the low level are in many cases 0.2%-4.1% of countries' gross domestic production, pointing to potential trade-offs with poverty-reduction goals and/or the need for economic support and low-carbon technology transfer from historically high-emitting countries. Our results thus highlight the critical importance of ramping up mitigation efforts in countries that to this point have been largely ignored.

Published
2022
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43. Assessment of Life Cycle Environmental Benefits in Monosodium Glutamate Production in China

Author

Yu F, Zhao L, Guan D, Zhang Z, and Zang L

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, business.industry, Monosodium glutamate, Production (economics), Biology, China, business, Biotechnology
Abstract

Purpose As a process with high water consumption, high energy consumption and high pollutant discharge, monosodium glutamate (MSG) production has long attracted the attention of environmental protection authorities. In view of its significant environmental influence and enormous output, life cycle environmental impacts of MSG should be assessed to identify environmental hot spots and promote environmental improvements, and to update the life cycle inventory database of MSG production. Methods A life cycle assessment (LCA) framework is conducted to evaluate the environmental impacts of MSG production by the use of eBalance software. In addition, the environmental impacts associated with the application of typical cleaner production techniques over the past decade in MSG production are evaluated by LCA to quantitatively demonstrate the importance of implementing cleaner production measures. Results and discussion The results indicate that maize planting and tail liquid utilization have the largest environmental impacts within the life cycle of MSG. The former is the most important driver of impacts such as eutrophication (90.37%), respiratory inorganic formation (34.04%) and primary energy demand (26.60%). The latter contributes to 96.72% of the photochemical oxide formation and 20.12% of the global warming potential. In addition, glutamate extraction and refining processes also contribute significantly to the global warming potential, acidification and respiratory inorganics. The results also show that the application of cleaner production technologies over the past decade has driven the reductions in photochemical oxide formation (92.40%) and water use (66.00%). Conclusion Based on the research findings, several suggestions, such as green raw material utilization, green supply chain construction and industrial symbiosis network establishment, are proposed to further reduce the overall environmental impacts of MSG.

Published
2021

46. The 2021 China report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: seizing the window of opportunity

Author

Cai, W., Zhang, C., Zhang, S., Ai, S., Bai, Y., Bao, J., Chen, B., Chang, N., Chen, H., Cheng, L., Cui, X., Dai, H., Danna, B., Di, Q., Dong, W., Dou, D., Fan, W., Fan, X., Fang, X., Gao, Y., Gao, T., Geng, Y., Guan, D., Guo, Y., Hu, Y., Hua, J., Huang, C., Huang, H., Huang, J., Hamilton, I., Jiang, Q., Jiang, X., Ke, P., Kiesewetter, G., Lampard, P., Li, C., Li, R., Li, S., Liang, L., Lin, B., Lin, H., Liu, H., Liu, Q., Liu, X., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., Lou, S., Lu, C., Luo, Y., Luo, Z., Ma, W., McGushin, A., Niu, Y., Ren, C., Ruan, Z., Schöpp, W., Shan, Y., Su, J., Sun, T., Wang, Q., Wang, C., Wen, S., Xie, Y., Xiong, H., Xu, B., Xu, M., Yan, Y., Yang, J., Yang, L., Yang, X., Yu, L., Yue, Y., Zeng, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Z., Zhang, J., Zhao, L., Zhao, Q., Zhao, Z., Zhao, J., Zhao, M., Zhou, J., Zhu, Z., Fu-Chun, M., Gong, P., Cai, W., Zhang, C., Zhang, S., Ai, S., Bai, Y., Bao, J., Chen, B., Chang, N., Chen, H., Cheng, L., Cui, X., Dai, H., Danna, B., Di, Q., Dong, W., Dou, D., Fan, W., Fan, X., Fang, X., Gao, Y., Gao, T., Geng, Y., Guan, D., Guo, Y., Hu, Y., Hua, J., Huang, C., Huang, H., Huang, J., Hamilton, I., Jiang, Q., Jiang, X., Ke, P., Kiesewetter, G., Lampard, P., Li, C., Li, R., Li, S., Liang, L., Lin, B., Lin, H., Liu, H., Liu, Q., Liu, X., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., Lou, S., Lu, C., Luo, Y., Luo, Z., Ma, W., McGushin, A., Niu, Y., Ren, C., Ruan, Z., Schöpp, W., Shan, Y., Su, J., Sun, T., Wang, Q., Wang, C., Wen, S., Xie, Y., Xiong, H., Xu, B., Xu, M., Yan, Y., Yang, J., Yang, L., Yang, X., Yu, L., Yue, Y., Zeng, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Z., Zhang, J., Zhao, L., Zhao, Q., Zhao, Z., Zhao, J., Zhao, M., Zhou, J., Zhu, Z., Fu-Chun, M., and Gong, P.

Published
2021

47. The 2020 China report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change

Author

Cai, W., Zhang, C., Suen, H.P., Ai, S., Bai, Y., Bao, J., Chen, B., Cheng, L., Cui, X., Dai, H., Di, Q., Dong, W., Dou, D., Fan, W., Fan, X., Gao, T., Geng, Y., Guan, D., Guo, Y., Hu, Y., Hua, J., Huang, C., Huang, H., Huang, J., Jiang, T., Jiao, K., Kiesewetter, G., Klimont, Z., Lampard, P., Li, C., Li, Q., Li, R., Li, T., Lin, B., Lin, H., Liu, H., Liu, Q., Liu, X., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., Lou, S., Lu, C., Luo, Y., Ma, W., McGushin, A., Niu, Y., Ren, C., Ren, Z., Ruan, Z., Schöpp, W., Su, J., Tu, Y., Wang, J., Wang, Q., Wang, Y., Watts, N., Xiao, C., Xie, Y., Xiong, H., Xu, M., Xu, B., Xu, L., Yang, J., Yang, L., Yu, L., Yue, Y., Zhang, S., Zhang, Z., Zhao, J., Zhao, L., Zhao, M., Zhao, Z., Zhou, J., Gong, P., Cai, W., Zhang, C., Suen, H.P., Ai, S., Bai, Y., Bao, J., Chen, B., Cheng, L., Cui, X., Dai, H., Di, Q., Dong, W., Dou, D., Fan, W., Fan, X., Gao, T., Geng, Y., Guan, D., Guo, Y., Hu, Y., Hua, J., Huang, C., Huang, H., Huang, J., Jiang, T., Jiao, K., Kiesewetter, G., Klimont, Z., Lampard, P., Li, C., Li, Q., Li, R., Li, T., Lin, B., Lin, H., Liu, H., Liu, Q., Liu, X., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., Lou, S., Lu, C., Luo, Y., Ma, W., McGushin, A., Niu, Y., Ren, C., Ren, Z., Ruan, Z., Schöpp, W., Su, J., Tu, Y., Wang, J., Wang, Q., Wang, Y., Watts, N., Xiao, C., Xie, Y., Xiong, H., Xu, M., Xu, B., Xu, L., Yang, J., Yang, L., Yu, L., Yue, Y., Zhang, S., Zhang, Z., Zhao, J., Zhao, L., Zhao, M., Zhao, Z., Zhou, J., and Gong, P.

Published
2021

48. High-Performance Perovskite Composite Electrocatalysts Enabled by Controllable Interface Engineering

Author

Xu, Xiaomin, Pan, Y., Ge, L., Chen, Y., Mao, X., Guan, D., Li, M., Zhong, Yijun, Hu, Z., Peterson, V.K., Saunders, M., Chen, C.T., Zhang, H., Ran, R., Du, A., Wang, H., Jiang, S.P., Zhou, W., Shao, Zongping, Xu, Xiaomin, Pan, Y., Ge, L., Chen, Y., Mao, X., Guan, D., Li, M., Zhong, Yijun, Hu, Z., Peterson, V.K., Saunders, M., Chen, C.T., Zhang, H., Ran, R., Du, A., Wang, H., Jiang, S.P., Zhou, W., and Shao, Zongping

Abstract

Single-phase perovskite oxides that contain nonprecious metals have long been pursued as candidates for catalyzing the oxygen evolution reaction, but their catalytic activity cannot meet the requirements for practical electrochemical energy conversion technologies. Here a cation deficiency-promoted phase separation strategy to design perovskite-based composites with significantly enhanced water oxidation kinetics compared to single-phase counterparts is reported. These composites, self-assembled from perovskite precursors, comprise strongly interacting perovskite and related phases, whose structure, composition, and concentration can be accurately controlled by tailoring the stoichiometry of the precursors. The composite catalyst with optimized phase composition and concentration outperforms known perovskite oxide systems and state-of-the-art catalysts by 1–3 orders of magnitude. It is further demonstrated that the strong interfacial interaction of the composite catalysts plays a key role in promoting oxygen ionic transport to boost the lattice-oxygen participated water oxidation. These results suggest a simple and viable approach to developing high-performance, perovskite-based composite catalysts for electrochemical energy conversion.

Published
2021

49. Location-specific health impacts of climate change require location-specific responses

Author

Cai, W., Zhang, C., Suen, H.P., Ai, S., Bai, Y., Bao, J., Chen, B., Cheng, L., Cui, X., Dai, H., Di, Q., Dong, W., Dou, D., Fan, W., Fan, X., Gao, T., Geng, Y., Guan, D., Guo, Y., Hu, Y., Hua, J., Huang, C., Huang, H., Huang, J., Jiang, T., Jiao, K., Kiesewetter, G., Klimont, Z., Lampard, P., Li, C., Li, Q., Li, T., Li, R., Lin, B., Lin, H., Liu, H., Liu, Q., Liu, X., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., Lou, S., Lu, C., Luo, Y., Ma, W., McGushin, A., Niu, Y., Ren, C., Ren, Z., Ruan, Z., Schöpp, W., Su, J., Tu, Y., Wang, J., Wang, Q., Wang, Y., Watts, N., Xiao, C., Xie, Y., Xiong, H., Xu, M., Xu, B., Xu, L., Yang, J., Yang, L., Yu, L., Yue, Y., Zhang, S., Zhang, Z., Zhao, J., Zhao, L., Zhao, M., Zhao, Z., Zhou, J., Gong, P., Cai, W., Zhang, C., Suen, H.P., Ai, S., Bai, Y., Bao, J., Chen, B., Cheng, L., Cui, X., Dai, H., Di, Q., Dong, W., Dou, D., Fan, W., Fan, X., Gao, T., Geng, Y., Guan, D., Guo, Y., Hu, Y., Hua, J., Huang, C., Huang, H., Huang, J., Jiang, T., Jiao, K., Kiesewetter, G., Klimont, Z., Lampard, P., Li, C., Li, Q., Li, T., Li, R., Lin, B., Lin, H., Liu, H., Liu, Q., Liu, X., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., Lou, S., Lu, C., Luo, Y., Ma, W., McGushin, A., Niu, Y., Ren, C., Ren, Z., Ruan, Z., Schöpp, W., Su, J., Tu, Y., Wang, J., Wang, Q., Wang, Y., Watts, N., Xiao, C., Xie, Y., Xiong, H., Xu, M., Xu, B., Xu, L., Yang, J., Yang, L., Yu, L., Yue, Y., Zhang, S., Zhang, Z., Zhao, J., Zhao, L., Zhao, M., Zhao, Z., Zhou, J., and Gong, P.

Abstract

Left unmitigated, climate change poses a catastrophic risk to human health, demanding an urgent and concerted response from every country. The 2015 Lancet Commission on Health and Climate Change and The Lancet Countdown: Tracking Progress on Health and Climate Change have been initiated to map out the impacts of climate change and the necessary policy responses. To meet these challenges, Tsinghua University, partnering with the University College London and 17 Chinese and international institutions, has prepared the Chinese Lancet Countdown report, which has a national focus and builds on the work of the global Lancet Countdown: Tracking Progress on Health and Climate Change. Drawing on international methodologies and frameworks, this report aims to deepen the understanding of the links between public health and climate change at the national level and track them with 23 indicators. This work is part of the Lancet's Countdown broader efforts to develop regional expertise on this topic, and coincides with the launch of the Lancet Countdown Regional Centre in Asia, based at Tsinghua University. The data and results of this report are presented at the provincial level, where possible, to facilitate targeted response strategies for local decision-makers. Based on the data and findings of the 2020 Chinese Lancet Countdown report, five recommendations are proposed to key stakeholders in health and climate change in China: (1) Enhance inter-departmental cooperation. Climate change is a challenge that demands an integrated response from all sectors, urgently requiring substantial inter-departmental cooperation among health, environment, energy, economic, financial, and education authorities. (2) Strengthen health emergency preparedness. Knowledge and findings on current and future climate-related health threats still lack the required attention and should be fully integrated into the emergency preparedness and response system. (3) Support research and raise awareness. Addit

Published
2021

50. Impacts of COVID-19 and fiscal stimuli on global emissions and the Paris Agreement

Author

Shan, Y., Ou, J., Wang, D., Zeng, Z., Zhang, S., Guan, D., Hubacek, K., Shan, Y., Ou, J., Wang, D., Zeng, Z., Zhang, S., Guan, D., and Hubacek, K.

Abstract

The global economy is facing a serious recession due to COVID-19, with implications for CO2 emissions. Here, using a global adaptive multiregional input–output model and scenarios of lockdown and fiscal counter measures, we show that global emissions from economic sectors will decrease by 3.9 to 5.6% in 5 years (2020 to 2024) compared with a no-pandemic baseline scenario (business as usual for economic growth and carbon intensity decline). Global economic interdependency via supply chains means that blocking one country’s economic activities causes the emissions of other countries to decrease even without lockdown policies. Supply-chain effects contributed 90.1% of emissions decline from power production in 2020 but only 13.6% of transport sector reductions. Simulations of follow-up fiscal stimuli in 41 major countries increase global 5-yr emissions by −6.6 to 23.2 Gt (−4.7 to 16.4%), depending on the strength and structure of incentives. Therefore, smart policy is needed to turn pandemic-related emission declines into firm climate action.

Published
2021

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