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Despite extensive early prevention efforts, recent surveys suggest that sexual risk taking may again be on the rise in Thailand. The present cross-sectional study surveyed 3,299 recruits in the Thai Navy in 2010, to examine their rates and correlates of consistent condom use. Most participants were aged 21-22 years, unmarried, and had a secondary education. Almost half were employed in labor/agriculture. Only 17 % of sexually experienced recruits were consistent condom users, and 53 % reported multiple sex partners in the past 3 months. In multiple logistic regression, residence in the Northeast (AOR 1.47), age (AOR 1.43), being single (AOR 2.13), non-MSM status (AOR 1.41), voluntary testing (AOR 1.24), and condom use at first sex (AOR 4.29) were significantly associated with consistent condom use. These findings suggest gaps in Thailand's condom campaign targeting both sexually experienced and inexperienced youth. Interventions targeting naval recruits may benefit from including sex education in the training curriculum, building drillmasters' capacities to facilitate sex education/counseling, and creating a supportive environment with better access to condoms.

The objective of this study is to review the scientific literature on natural recovery from alcohol. The study examined and compared the methodology, alcohol use recovery variables, reasons for recovery, and maintenance factors among studies of natural recovery from alcohol. Articles published in English between 2006–2019 were systematically searched through the PUBMED, EMBASE and SCOPUS electronic databases. Three reviewers independently extracted data using a standard form. After screening 412 records, eleven studies were selected and data extracted. All eleven studies were self-reports. Five of the studies used advertisements for recruitment and sampling, three studies had control groups, and seven of eleven studies were conducted in the United States. Participants tended to be older (mean age 55.2 years), educated (mean education 14.3 years), White (76.1%), and unmarried (64.9%). Roughly half were male (62.3%) and employed (54.1%). There were 13 reasons of natural recovery, most were health-related, finance-related, and due to negative personal effects (45.5%). The most important maintenance factor was social support/change in social group (36.4%) Most studies were conducted in the United States, among older, White men. Qualitative studies where contexts and situations are assessed and critically analyzed may be important to move the field forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the scope of the published research studies on mHealth digital application interventions for youths with addictive behaviors, considering both the development and evaluation aspects. The main goal was to identify the concepts and theories underlying such applied technologies, detect any gaps, and provide recommendations. A secondary goal was to identify the components of mHealth digital application interventions that led to cognitive, emotional, and behavioral change among youths with addictive behaviors by drawing on Beck's cognitive model and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Materials and Methods: A scoping review was done based on York's five-stage framework outlined by Arksey and O'Malley. Four leading databases were searched, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Results: There were 16 mHealth digital application interventions being developed to help youth overcome addiction issues. Most of the existing techniques involve dealing with youth's stimuli, emotions, addictive behaviors, and physiology or physical reactions. These were the components of cross-sectional Beck's cognitive model and CBT. In addition, most of the cognitive skill components were focused on managing reflective thoughts such as planning to stop addictive behaviors, intention to stop, encouraging more of creating positive thinking, or benefits of stop doing addictive behavior. No application component focused on identifying any implicit thought influenced of specific memories on addiction outcome expectancies such as the substance or self-intermediate belief, substance or self-core belief contained in Beck's longitudinal cognitive model. Conclusion: Findings from the present scoping review suggest new routes for working with implicit thoughts. Some opportunities exist here for the development of CBT mHealth applications to raise awareness in youth concerning the implicit substance or self-concept appearing in Beck's longitudinal cognitive model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]