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Objective: Identify externalizing and internalizing behaviors in high school adolescents in three schools in a northern border city in Mexico and their type of family. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Location: Three schools in the city of Tijuana, Mexico: two public and one private. Participants: 454 baccalaureate students 14–19 years old. Main measurements: We utilized Youth Self Report Scale, adapted and validated in Spanish, that measure internalization behaviors (anxiety, depression, isolation or somatic complaints), and externalization behaviors (verbal aggressiveness, delinquent behavior and attention-seeking). For dichotomous discrimination between deviant and nondeviant scores, we use the borderline clinical range by classifying YSR scale's T scores ≥ 60, and to analyze the relationship between behavior problems or competencies and living or not in a nuclear family we utilized multiple logistic regression. Results: 55% were female, mean age 16.4 years ± 0.98, and 62.3% came from a nuclear family. Prevalence of internalizing behaviors was 15.6%, and externalizing behaviors 14.8%. Women had statistically higher mean scores in depressive, anxious and verbally aggressive behavior, somatic complaints, and thought problems. The prevalence of internalizing behaviors in adolescents with nuclear family was 11.7% (n = 33), and for adolescents with another type of family was 22.2% (n = 38), OR 2.17 (CI 95% 1.30–3.61, p = 0.003), but no differences was observed for externalizing behaviors and family type. When adjusted for sex, age, and public or private school, internalizing behaviors and specifically depressive behavior remained significant. Conclusions: We detected a moderate prevalence of internalizing behaviors in Mexican adolescents, predominantly among women, and also observed that not living with a nuclear family increases the odds of presenting internalizing behaviors. It is important that parents, teachers, and healthcare workers remain vigilant to detect these problems in a timely manner and develop interventions to improve the mental health and well-being of adolescents. Resumen: Objetivo: Identificar conductas internalizantes y externalizantes en adolescentes de escuelas preparatorias en una ciudad fronteriza al norte de México y su tipo de familia. Diseño: Encuesta transversal. Emplazamiento: Tres escuelas de la ciudad de Tijuana, México: dos públicas y una privada. Participantes: 454 estudiantes de preparatoria de 14-19 años de edad. Principales mediciones: Se utilizó la escala Youth Self Report validada al español, que mide conductas internalizantes (ansiedad, depresión, aislamiento y quejas somáticas) y externalizantes (agresión verbal, conducta delictiva y búsqueda de atención). Para la discriminación dicotómica entre puntajes desviados y no desviados, usamos el rango clínico límite al clasificar los T scores de ≥ 60 de la escala YSR, y para analizar la relación entre problemas de comportamiento o competencias y vivir o no en una familia nuclear utilizamos regresión logística múltiple. Resultados: El 55% eran mujeres, la media de edad fue de 16.4 años ± 0.98, y el 62.3% procedían de familias nucleares. La prevalencia de conductas internalizantes fue de 15.6% y de conductas externalizantes de 14.8%. Las mujeres tenían puntuaciones medias estadísticamente más altas en conducta depresiva, ansiosa y verbalmente agresiva, quejas somáticas y problemas de pensamiento. La prevalencia de conductas internalizantes en adolescentes con familia nuclear fue de 11.7% (n = 33), y para adolescentes con otro tipo de familia fue de 22.2% (n = 38), OR 2.17 (IC 95% 1.30-3.61, p = 0.003), pero no se observaron diferencias para conductas externalizantes y tipo de familia. Al ajustar por sexo, edad y escuela pública o privada, las conductas internalizantes y específicamente la conducta depresiva se mantuvieron significativas. Conclusiones: Detectamos una prevalencia moderada de conductas internalizantes en adolescentes mexicanos, predominantemente entre las mujeres, y también observamos que no vivir con una familia nuclear aumenta las probabilidades de presentar conductas internalizantes. Es importante que los padres, maestros y trabajadores de la salud permanezcan atentos para detectar estos problemas de manera oportuna y desarrollar intervenciones para mejorar la salud mental y el bienestar de los adolescentes.

Objectives. The aim of this study was to describe some experiences of formal caregivers in geriatric care institutions in the city of Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico, particularly those feelings regarding satisfaction and care interactions with the elderly. Materials and methods. This study is based on the preliminary results obtained from qualitative methods, which primarily focused on the analysis of speeches from a set of twelve interviews conducted with a sample of formal caregivers who are working within geriatric care institutions for more than 8 hours in their shift. For the analysis of the data, Atlas.ti version 9 was used. Results. In the code “Feeling regarding the satisfaction of caregivers”, the participants expressed that despite doing a very demanding job and having working conditions such as low salaries, a lack of work material, and the stress of the caregiver, their greatest reward is helping the seniors. According to the code “Interaction in Care with the Elderly”, the caregivers expressed that the gratitude on the part of the elderly and practicing empathy, love, and positive communication produce a state of emotional well-being, motivation, and perseverance within the institution. Conclusions. The effort and responsibility of formal caregivers within geriatric care institutions allow the caregiver to be humanized since it contacts him with satisfaction and strengthens his self-esteem and professional development by making him feel useful and productive within his work, where he seeks to promote the quality of life of vulnerable seniors.

Objectives. Based on the general hypothesis of a growing interest in using computer-based multimedia learning (CBML) in education, the objective of this study was to identify if students perceive CBML positively as an instructional tool in their online courses. A second objective was to determine if CBML is associated with self-efficacy in online courses. Finally, a third objective was to determine if higher levels of self-efficacy are associated with a positive perception of CBML. Material and methods. Based on a cross-sectional research design, n = 98 undergraduate students enrolled in the first year of Psychology in the Faculty of Medicine and Psychology were evaluated ending their academic year about their level of self-efficacy and the perception of multimedia after taking their online courses during the Covid-19 pandemic. Sociodemographic and what’s the preferred device used during their courses also were asked. Results. Results indicated a positive perception of CBML as an instructional tool. Also, results indicated a positive correlation between CBML and online self-efficacy. Finally, higher levels of self-efficacy were associated with a positive perception of CBML as an instructional tool. Conclusions. According to the results, CBML is a valuable resource in learning processes (particularly online), highlighting the importance of greater self-efficacy for a positive perception of using CBML.