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Purpose To demonstrate the efficacy and safety of once-daily nepafenac 0.3% ophthalmic suspension versus vehicle, based on clinical outcomes, after cataract surgery in patients with diabetes. Design Two prospective, randomized, multicenter, double-masked, vehicle-controlled phase 3 studies. Participants Total, 615 patients in study 1 and 605 patients in study 2. Methods Patients were randomized (1:1) to topical nepafenac 0.3% or vehicle once-daily starting the day before surgery and continuing for 90 days thereafter. Main Outcome Measures Key efficacy variables were: patients (%) in whom macular edema (ME) developed (≥30% increase from preoperative baseline central subfield macular thickness) within 90 days after cataract surgery and the patients (%) with a best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improvement of ≥15 letters from preoperative baseline through day 14 maintained through day 90. Secondary end points included: patients (%) with a BCVA improvement of ≥15 letters from preoperative baseline through days 90 and 60 and safety over 3 months. Results A significantly lower percentage of patients demonstrated ME within 90 days after surgery with nepafenac 0.3% versus vehicle (study 1: 2.3% vs. 17.3%; P P = 0.001; pooled: 4.1% vs. 15.9%; P P P = 0.671) in study 2, and 55.4% versus 46.7% ( P = 0.003) in the pooled analysis. A greater percentage of patients treated with nepafenac 0.3% versus vehicle in study 1 and similar percentage in study 2 had a BCVA improvement of ≥15 letters from preoperative baseline through day 90 (77.2% vs. 67.7% [ P = 0.009] and 65.4% vs. 65.9% [ P = 0.888]) and through day 60 (76.2% vs. 64.7% [ P = 0.002] and 68.9% vs. 62.1% [ P = 0.092]). No unanticipated adverse events were observed. Conclusions These studies demonstrated the clinical benefits of nepafenac 0.3% over vehicle in reducing the risk of postoperative ME, with the integrated analysis showing improved BCVA after cataract surgery in patients with diabetic retinopathy, with no unanticipated safety events.